nutrition and the endocrine system

... The authors contributed to this study as follows: CS, ZC and HL conceived of the study; CS, YS, YL, YL and BZ performed experiments; ZC and LC analyzed data and prepared the figures; CS, ZC and ... endothelial cells through the cell fate decisions needed to form and maintain a functional vascular network [32]; consistent with such a role, multiple connections between the VEGF system and the ... preoperative and perioperative medical records, or telephone or written correspondence These cases were classified according to the Health Organization criteria (TNM system) and staged appropriately The...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:21

... Background Land plants uptake carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and lose water vapour by transpiration through stomatal pores, present on the surface of leaves and stems The opening and closure of the ... Moreover transcriptomic and proteomic studies have identified additional candidates [13-16] Nevertheless the majority of these promoters are not guard cell-specific, as they drive the expression of ... enhancer are present in the genomic region between -619 bp and -472 bp and between -472 and -262 from the ATG of AtMYB60 In accordance with the results obtained from the histochemical analysis,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... colon and other tumor types [21] However, in these cancers the BK and JC viruses have been found to be episomal and not integrated; thus, their contribution to carcinogenesis remains unclear WU and ... expanded alignments for the Hsc70-binding motif and the pRb-binding motif, comparing the putative MCPyV large T antigen with the JC and SV40 large T antigens Importantly, as indicated by the ... underlines below the zoom-ins, both the HPDK Hsc70-binding motif and the LxCxEx Rb-binding motifs are preserved in the predicted MCPyV large T antigen Noted on the cartoon are the locations of the premature...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:21

... mucin MUC16 is both expressed on the cell surface and shed from the cell in soluble forms Muc16, on the other hand, is detected primarily in the spent media and in the intracellular environment ... cells (Fig 4B) The binding of 618F, 653F and VK-8 to the OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, and CAOV-3 cells was comparable Considering the demonstrable specificity of 618F and 653F for MUC16 and their ability ... using the 618 F antibody The mean fluorescence intensity for the binding of 618F to the cell surface and intracellular Muc16 is plotted after subtracting the mean fluorescence intensity for the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... characterization of the nanocomplex MSW participated in the experimental design and review of the manuscript YZ designed the experiments and wrote the final manuscript All authors read and approved the final ... nature of both the siRNA and aptamer that have complexed with the PEI-citrate nanocore Further, the potential of the nanocomplex dropped to -25 ± 0.9 mV in the cell culture medium due to the high ionic ... experiments and participated in the design of the study HGB and MSW conceived the PEI-citrate nanocore concept Additionally, HGB optimized the PEI-citrate nanocore size and performed the physical...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:22

... are internalized and follow the active CdtB subunit (green) into the nucleus The CdtB subunit further transits to the Golgi complex, and is then retrogradely transported to the ER The mechanisms ... cell cycle and is based on the identification of the break and subsequent rejoining of the two ends Consequently, there is a loss or addition of nucleotides at the site of the lesion, and the repair ... [8–10] The CdtB subunit adopts the canonical four-layered fold of the DNase I family: a central 12-stranded bsandwich packed between outer a-helices and loops on each side of the sandwich [7] The...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 22:20

... and drafted the manuscript KF supervised the study design, the statistical analysis, and the writing of the manuscript YY and AO carried out the cell culture experiments TS prepared the human samples ... IL-32 was expressed in the thymus, the spleen, the intestines, and Con A-stimulated PBMCs by northern blotting and electrochemiluminescence [13] At first we examined the tissue and cellular expression ... real-time PCR The tissue expression of IL-32 was prominent in the spleen, the lung, and the peripheral white blood cells (Figure 1a) IL-32 was therefore expressed mainly in the lymphoid tissues and leukocytes...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:23

... Outline of the experimental field and the water treatment apparatus - 422 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol 8, No.4, 2010 Paddy field The characteristics of the paddy field and the ... 1a), the inlet point was in the middle, the outlet point was at the corner, surface soil type was sandy loam, no fertilizer was added in 2007, the crop plant was Akita-Komachi Rice, and the planting ... (ridge pitch) and 0.15 m (planting pitch) The paddling and transplanting were conducted on June and June 8, and the inundation began on June in 2007 A weir was at the outlet point, the height of...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:15

... lacking other EGF ligands, or even triple null mice deficient for amphiregulin, EGF and transforming growth factor-a are viable [4] These ligands are synthesized as transmembrane proteins, and soluble ... been reported in the extracellular domain of the EGFR gene [6] In the EGFR vI mutation, the extracellular domain has been totally deleted and resembles the v-erbB oncoprotein In the EGFR vII mutation, ... HER3 and ERBB4 ⁄ HER4 ERBB2, ERBB3 and ERBB4 show extracellular homologies, relative to the EGFR, of 44, 36 and 48%, respectively, while those for the tyrosine kinase domain are 82, 59 and 79%,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... PDGFRA and T670I in KIT) [27–29] The conserved threonine residues in these different kinases are located near the kinase active site and appear to be critical for the binding of ATP and the corresponding ... of the receptor and thereby stabilize the interaction with EGF-TKIs signaling cascade, independently of EGFR activation Mutation of KRAS thus bypasses the need for ligand binding to EGFR and ... genotype-directed therapy in this disease KRAS mutation as a mechanism of resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy The KRAS protein is localized to the inner surface of the cell membrane The binding of ligand to...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... ⁄ and the PI3K ⁄ Akt pathways results, in turn, in the inactivation of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (e.g PUMA, Bax, Bim and Bad), Fas, and CDK inhibitors (e.g p27KIP1, p21WAF1 and p15INK4b), and ... inhibitors, including those of the kinase inhibitor proteins (KIP) family and the INK4 family (Fig 3) The KIP family consists of p27KIP1, p21WAF1 ⁄ CIP1 and p57KIP2; and the INK4 family consists of ... 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ª 2009 FEBS K Takeuchi and F Ito whereas others promote apoptosis The balance between these pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members determines the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... with 23 in the enzyme from the hyperthermophile Thermotoga neapolitana (optimal growth at 80 8C), and 46 in the XI from the mesophile Escherichia coli (optimal growth at 37 8C) The low Q (and, to ... stabilizing and activating metals are typically the bivalent cations Mg2þ, Co2þ, and Mn2þ Metal specificity depends on both the nature of the substrate (i.e glucose or xylose) and whether the enzyme ... is interesting to note that XIs from the thermophile Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes and the hyperthermophile T neapolitana, both homotetramers in their native forms, are expressed as...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... service handles the logic of the entailment relations (for both the entailment graph and the taxonomy) The index server applies periodic indexing of new texts, and the exploration server serves the ... as the roots of the DAG As a starting point, only the roots of the DAG are displayed to the user Figure shows the five roots for the ‘asthma’ query Exploration process The user selects one of the ... entailment rules, in which the left-hand-side of the rule (LHS) and the right-hand-side of the rule (RHS) are propositional templates - a proposition, where one or both of the arguments are replaced...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... which the Y354 and Y355 amino acids were replaced by alanine residues, and the 2.5· mutant [27], in which the IEP was truncated in the RT domain Therefore, the pattern of inhibition for the C-terminal ... b-strand in the C-tail The two conserved domain X motifs are found at or near the C-termini of a2 and a3, respectively The a-helices a1, a2 and a3 potentially correspond to a-helices aH, aI and ... located in the position corresponding to the ‘thumb’ and part of the connection domains of retroviral RTs, and appears to have a similar structure to these enzymes [10,13] The RT domain and domain...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... replication and participates in the formation of the T- and D-loop structure A G-tail has the ability to fold backwards and bond with one of the two duplex telomere strands forming a T-structure and the ... However, the type of microscope used does affect the quality and accuracy of the results Southern blot requires the use of densitometer and autoradiogram for reading the blots that can be expensive The ... with the capacity to handle large sample numbers The main disadvantage of these methods is the cost due to the expensive equipment and specialized training Nevertheless, once established in the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20

... 18:0, 18:2 + 18:3 and 18:1 at the expense of 16:0, 14:0 and 16:1, whereas there was a marked increase in the amount of 16:0 and a decrease in the amount of 16:1 and 17:1 in the lipid droplet ... the plasma membrane fraction from which they were derived (ratio of 1.5), and the DSM fractions (ratio 1.0) The DRM fraction contained about 35% of the total cellular cholesterol and 23% of the ... from the isolated cytoplasmic lipid droplet fraction The rest of the signal was found in the membranes and low speed pellet (which includes unbroken cells and organelles) The contribution of the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:21

... regions, the mechanism by which these segments destabilize membranes remains unknown In an attempt to further our understanding of the process of viral infection and to determine whether the presence ... NBD-PtdEth and Rho-PtdEth, and unlabeled LUV (88 lM) in NaCl/KCl/Pi The increase in the fluorescence was measured 15 after the addition of the peptide The fluorescence intensity upon the addition ... activity of the single mutant G12A and the double mutant G7A G12A, despite their smaller effect on TH and on the 31 P NMR isotropic peak, as compared to the wild-type peptide, may be related to their...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:21

... on the government agencies, laws, and regulations involved in the setting of standards and the ability of beef and dairy producers to make nutrient and health claims about their products There ... labels and in advertising The section ends with a review of the specific standards for nutrients and other substances found in milk and meat Organizations that set dietary standards Food and Nutrition ... antibiotics.” On the other hand, the antibiotics-related claim “no sub-therapeutic antibiotics added” would confuse consumers because neither the USDA nor the FDA has defined the term “sub-therapeutic”...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:20