novel insights into the cellular biology of neurological disorders

... is not the result of a general block of nuclear import pathways or obstruction of the NPC To further dissect the mechanisms underlying HIC inhibition of Rev nuclear import, we reduced the complexity ... Cite this article as: Gu et al.: Intermolecular masking of the HIV-1 Rev NLS by the cellular protein HIC: Novel insights into the regulation of Rev nuclear import Retrovirology 2011 8:17 Submit ... targeted the Rev NLS domain and not the import factors themselves Furthermore, the observed inhibition of Rev nuclear import did not result from a general block of import pathways or the physical...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:20

... isotherms for the inhibitors (F) The lled circles in the binding isotherms represent the experimental values of the heat change at each injection; the continuous lines represent the results of the ... oxygen atoms of Ala59 and Glu61 of one subunit and with the main chain nitrogen of Asn114Â of the other subunit The contacts of the ribityl chain to His89 and Lys138Â are mediated by a net of water ... side and the conformation of the loop connecting b4 with a3 (residues 8588) from the other side In the MbtLS TS44 complex (PDB code 1W19), the phosphorus atom of the phosphate group of TS44 ...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 11:20

... one of the manganese ions This, together with the fact that the positions of other Fig Scheme of the binuclear manganese cluster and the localization of the side-chains of Asp153 and Asn153 in the ... affected by the mutation, as revealed by the conservation of the whole topology of the active site, would explain the essentially unaltered interaction of the D153N variant with the metallic cofactor ... indicating that the environment of tryptophan residues is essentially conserved in the mutant enzyme On the other hand, the absence of major differences in the CD spectra of the wild-type and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21

... adds then a further pathway to the potential modulating properties of these peculiar organelles If tumor exosomes are such a powerful instrument of environmental shaping, then getting rid of them ... hypothesized that this pathway may contribute to the in vivo moulding of immune as well as other cancer-related host responses More recent studies have then reported that the detrimental effect of ... fact, we have more recently observed that the presence of tumor exosomes during monocyte differentiation into DC skews the whole process toward the generation of aberrant cells expressing myeloid...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... rather than the size of the genome in which they are found Evidence for the progressive loss of ancestral genes throughout the evolution of the microsporidian lineage Prior to this study, the ... maximum of kb) The small size of most contigs resulted in the incompleteness of most ORFs identified in this study and, on average, incomplete ORFs were found to encode 60% of the amino acids of their ... [14-24] The extremely reduced nature of microsporidian genomes has attracted attention since they were first noted at the end of the 1990s [13], culminating in 2001 with the completion of the first...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... number of hypothetic meta-QTLs of a model) “Delta” is the rescaled value of the criterion, it is the difference between the value of the given model and the value of the best model The weight is the ... on the other hand QTL names are written to the left of the bars QTL nomenclature is as follows: the name of the first author of the original publication juxtaposed to the last two digits of the ... onto the consensus map It is based on a scaling rule between the positions of the flanking markers of the QTLs on their original maps and the positions of these markers on the consensus map The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... functions of LN-DC subsets The study in the mouse of the novel, cDC-specific genes identified here should accelerate the understanding of the mysteries of the biology of these cells in both mouse ... the expression of RAG2 and the common γ chain of the cytokine receptors [16], they have been proposed to belong to the DC family rather than to be a subset of NK cells in a particular state of ... understanding of the molecular bases that govern the biology of lymphocytes or the function of antigen presentation and our overall ignorance of the genetic programs that specifically regulate DC biology...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... uncertainty of the constant A, however, the absolute positions of the energy barriers can be determined from xβ To compare the topography of the energy landscape of the dissociation of Cldn1/Cldn1 ... only because of the role that they play in regulating paracellular transport of solutes and intercellular adhesion but also because of their role in acting as coreceptors for the entry of hepatitis ... contact force of 200 pN and contact time of ms were used,

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:05

... PDZ motif.6 The two extracellular loops of Cldns of adjacent cells trans-interact to form the paracellular TJ strands It has previously been shown that the first extracellular loop of Cldn2,7,8 ... human Cldn2 (GST-Cldn2) and the two extracellular loops of Cldn2 (GST-C2E1 and GST-C2E2) to gain an insight into the contribution of the individual extracellular loops to the overall adhesion kinetics ... contact force of 200 pN and contact time of ms were used, b25% of the force–distance curves showed bond rupture events On the basis of Poisson statistics,25 the low frequency of these de-adhesion...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:05

... dissociation of bounded complex These kinetic parameters can be further used to construct the geometry of the conceptual energy landscape for the dissociation pathway To compare the topography of the ... and were analyzed for the magnitude of the rupture events and the apparent loading rate (defined as the slope of the retrace curve prior to the rupture event multiplied by the reproach velocity) ... slope of the curve just before rupture multiplied by the reproach velocity (Vr , expressed in nm/s) defines the loading rate (rf, expressed in pN/s) The height of the rupture event defines the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:05

... is often prescribed in order to lessen the nerve inflammation Use of high doses of steroids can often produce a rapid diminishing of the symptoms Other kinds of treatment depend on the nature of ... Understanding of the devastating effects of stress in the brain of highly stressed or abused children made evident the need of medication as well as psychotherapy in GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS ... by the body Types of ALD There are three types of ALD, each with a different severity of symptoms and age of onset of ALD All varying degrees of severity have been seen within the same family Therefore,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... proximal end of an extremity is at the junction of the extremity (i.e., arm or leg) with the trunk of the body The distal end of an extremity is the point on the extremity farthest away from the trunk ... arteries The catheter may also be placed in the left ventricle to examine the mitral and aortic valves of the heart If the cardiologist requires a view of the right ventricle of the heart or of the ... in position, the needle is then removed, and a catheter is threaded over the length of the guide wire until it reaches the area of study The guide wire is then removed, and the catheter is left...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... and the parasympathetic nervous system Dysfunctions of the autonomic nervous system are recognized by the symptoms that result from failure of the sympathetic or parasympathetic components of the ... resulting loss of flexibility Spinal laminectomy (spinal decompression) Surgical removal of a piece of the bony roof of the spinal canal known as the lamina to increase the size of the spinal canal ... delayed One of the most common symptoms of Arnold-Chiari malformations is a headache The headache generally begins in the neck or base of the skull and may radiate through the back of the head Coughing,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... The process of atherosclerosis causes a hardening of the walls of the arteries and, in the case of atherosclerosis in the carotid artery, results in a carotid stenosis that reduces the flow of ... inserted into the carotid artery The end of the catheter is then expanded This “balloon” squeezes the plaque against the arterial wall, increasing the effective diameter of the artery Then, a ... stenosis is the medical description of the narrowing or constriction of the carotid artery The artery is located in the neck, and the narrowing of the artery is caused by the buildup of plaque...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... into the narrow gaps between the folds (sulci) The divisions of the superficial anatomy of the brain use the gyri and sulci GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS In a reversal of the pattern ... nourish tissue on the other side of the brain when the supply to the other side of the brain is impaired Circle of Willis Also known as the circulus arteriosus; formed by branches of the internal ... over the other in the control of cerebral functions Handedness The preference of either the right or left hand as the dominant hand for the performance of tasks such as writing impairment of certain...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... development of the middle portion of the lower part of the brain in the embryonic stage This affects growth and development of the cerebellum, especially the vermis, and the brainstem such that the foramina ... odors Also on the underside of the hypothalamus, and toward the front, is the optic chiasma, where the two optic nerve cables of the eyes cross From the floor of the hypothalamus, the posterior ... ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Dizziness of the body, and slurred speech and/or lack of coordination If the loss of blood supply to the brain is due to a blockage in one of the arteries in the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... lesion in the PNS usually occurs below the level of the lesion There is a broad spectrum of diseases, disorders, and medications that cause dysesthesias There are two broad categories of dysesthesias ... underactivity of the pituitary gland Pituitary gland The most important of the endocrine glands (glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream), the pituitary is located at the base of the ... although, clinically, the two often share signs and symptoms of inflammation of the meninges GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Determining the true incidence of encephalitis in the United States...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... the size of the brain tumors in seven of nine patients A completely different set of therapies is possible if the idea of gene therapy includes the use of DNA for patient treatment in ways other ... longus, and the extensor digitorum longus The normal function of these muscles is to allow the toes to swing up from the ground during the beginning of a stride and to control the movement of the foot ... in the patient such that the therapy will reverse the disease In vitro therapy involves injecting the new gene directly into the target tissue where the individual cells must pick it up Of the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... Otosclerosis The abnormal growth of the bone of the middle ear prevents the ossicles, particularly the last of the trio of bones (the stapes), from properly transmitting sound GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL ... contraction of the facial muscles limited to one side of the face The eyelids are involved, and upturning of the corner of the mouth is observed The patient may have facial twitching during periods of ... the same type of headache; whether the patient feels depressed; whether the headaches are related to changes in the weather; and so on The answers to the questions will usually fall into a pattern...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... in the tissue in the iris of the eye Each of these problems will affect their vision, and eye surgery may not be beneficial The central nervous system problem affects the larger muscles of the ... in which there is an abnormal opening of the spinal column The disability caused by this opening depends on the degree of the opening, and whether there are associated abnormalities of the development ... toes Retina The light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of the eye that receives and transmits visual signals to the brain through the optic nerve Vermis The central portion of the cerebellum,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21