novel antibacterial targets identification of new targets by comparative genomics

... effect of tungsten oxide source material This simple method of fabricating a new type of double-layer nanostructures with one of the nanostructures acting as substrate for the growth of other ... heteronanostructures of WO3 with SiC up to our knowledge, in this article, we report for the first time, the synthesis of SiC–WOx nanostructures by a simple two-step thermal evaporation process We synthesized a novel ... Synthesis of SiC–WOx Double-Layer Nanostructures The growth of 1D SiC–W18O49 double-layer nanostructure was achieved by a simple two step evaporation process The first step was the growth of SiC...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... of GM-CSF (10 ng/ml) The purity of bone marrow derived DC was more than 95% as determined by flow cytometry using anti-CD11c and anti-I-A antibody (not shown) With respect to the mechanisms by ... γ-irradiated (2000 rad) and then pulsed for hr with 100 µg/ml of PPD (kindly provided by Dr E Schmitt, Mainz, Germany) in the presence of each of the following inhibitors (or vehicle controls): a) pepstatin ... primarily inhibited the processing events Functional role of cathepsin D/E in the processing of PPD by XS52 DC To identify the protease(s) inhibited by pepstatin A, XS52 DC were pretreated for hr with...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:23

... http://arthritis-research.com/content/13/3/R74 Page of 13 Data are presented as mean values ± standard deviation Positive identification of proteins by MALDI-TOF-TOF was based on a statistically significant ... recognised by at least 75% of the 15 pools in total and enriched nuclear protein extracts, respectively (Table 2) A limited number of proteins were recognised by IgG from all pools of patients All of ... 10 of 13 Figure Signalling network of proteins identified as major targets of autoantibodies in patients with unidentified ANA This schematic representation, created by using Pathway Studio software,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:23

... sequences, locus -by- locus as well as whole-genomes, for discovering and visualizing putative cis-regulatory elements in the human genome Identification of conserved elements by comparative genomics is ... Expression patterns directed by CNEs 1, 2, and 5…………… 102 5.4.3 Summary of the regulatory potential of mouse Foxb1 CNEs…….107 v 5.4.4 Conservation of regulation of Foxb1 between fugu and mouse….108 ... distantly related species and identification by conservation at the level of transcription factor-binding sites Thus, alternative strategies are required for the identification of all the cis-regulatory...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02

... composed of PVs, whereby the primary form is characterized by the presence of typical phenotypic traits that are absent from the secondary form The TT01α' lineage has an additional level of complexity, ... shaped by drastic selective evolutionary forces? Several years of comparative genomics between whole bacterial genomes showed that the prokaryotic genome is a heterogeneous entity, with regions of ... identified by performing phenotypic tests as previously described [76] and controlled by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 16S rRNA gene [77] Analysis of phenotypic variants on a new...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:22

... [18], this analysis was restricted to the identification of PAX2 targets in the midbrain-hindbrain boundary A systematic discovery of specific PAX2/5/8 direct targets in the otic vesicle has not yet ... downstream targets, especially those involved in inner ear development For this purpose, we opted for a novel approach that takes advantage of the vast amount of biological resources generated by large-scale ... by searching the co-occurrences of the UNIPROT terms of the candidate genes and one or more of the keywords Out of the 438 candidate genes that were described by a UNIPROT term, 68 co-occurred...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 21:20

... effects of drugs These tools promise to increase the number of novel drug targets and improve the approval rate of new drugs When thinking about the possible network representations of diseases, ... localization of the targets than the plasma membrane, which is usually the preferred site of action So far, however, these efforts have not led to a significant expansion of novel targets, that is, novel ... targets that are not yet included in the network Extension of existing networks by predicting links and elements is a recent, exciting field of network studies [13,17,18] The identification of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... amino-terminus of all fragments Sequence analysis of the biglycan fragments generated by MMP-13 treatment revealed a novel major fragment of 28 kDa This fragment is generated by cleavage between ... single band of about 45 kDa MMP-13 degradation of decorin was not detected until 4–8 hours of incubation, and proteolysis was complete by 16 hours (Figure 2) Two decorin fragments of about 30 ... preferred by MMPs [40] Interestingly, one of the characteristics of decorin is its interaction with active transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, thereby providing a tissue reservoir of this factor...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... subcutaneous tissue [1] Within several days of injecting a small volume of air (2 to ml), a membrane of several layers of cells, which consist mostly of fibroblasts, mononuclear cells and small ... been studied in this model Gene profiling of intact tissues is potentially hampered by the presence of adjacent noninflamed tissue, which increases the complexity of the tissue and introduces background ... the sequence of events of the air pouch experiments Air pouches were raised on the backs of 6- to 8week-old female BALB/c mice (Taconic, Tarrytown, NY, USA) by subcutaneous injection of ml filtered...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:23

... diagram numbers of dubious ORFs Venn removal of bad tags andhaploinsufficient and haploproficient genes Venn diagram of numbers of haploinsufficient and haploproficient genes after removal of bad tags ... increase of DBF4, N-BP-induced accumulation of unprenylated N-BP-induced accumulation of unprenylated Rap1A and increase of DBF4, but not of TBCB, can be reversed by GGPP Western blot (WB) analysis of ... addition of 25 μM GGPP (Figure 6) Interestingly, while the ALE-induced increase of DBF4 was reversed by simultaneous addition of 25 μM of GGPP, the increase in TBCB remained unaffected by GGPP...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... 11 of 16 (a) novel region novel region novel region novel region novel region novel region novel region novel region Liver-RT Liver+RT Brain-RT MWM Brain+RT Liver-RT Liver+RT Brain-RT MWM novel ... tail of longer novel TRs resembled the distribution of terminal exons (including annotated 3' UTRs) This comparison suggested that our collection of novel TRs was composed of a mixture of exons ... supported by the finding that 84% of the novel TRs mapped in the Wetterbom et al Genome Biology 2010, 11:R78 http://genomebiology.com/2010/11/7/R78 Page of 16 (a) novel region novel region novel...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... sequences of known miRNAs of other species [31-34] Out of the 84 unique miRNA sequences, 49 can be confirmed by our sequencing Table Summary of small RNA sequencing No of reads No of unique No of unique ... secondary structure of the newly identified miRNA precursors 17 Additional file 3: the target gene of new miRNA1 the target gene of new miRNA the target gene and annotation of new miRNAs 18 Additional ... system Moreover, a new method of identifying novel miRNAs, by measuring the precision of miRNA processing from their precursors, was employed This method, conceptually proposed by Meyer et al.,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... Figure studied 1of genes regulated by Hfe disruption by mouse strain and organ Number Number of genes regulated by Hfe disruption by mouse strain and organ studied Genes regulated by Hfe disruption ... protective role by facilitating the release of excess iron [21] Somewhat unexpectedly, we observed significant downregulation of the sideroflexin gene (Sfxn2) and upregulation of the mitoferrin gene ... regulated by Hfe deficiency in D2 and B6 liver Genes regulated by Hfe deficiency in D2 and B6 liver A tree view image of k-means clustering for 1,343 genes regulated by Hfe disruption in liver of D2...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... for miRNA regulation of some mRNA targets using available genome-wide microarray data The authentication of three predicted miRNA targets was validated by identification of the corresponding ... with multiple copies of unique anti-tags complementary to one type of 32-nucleotide tag The expression level of a particular transcript is measured by counting the number of distinct microbeads ... orthologs, we predicted 371 conserved mRNA targets for 77 predicted Arabidopsis miRNAs, with an average of 4.8 targets per miRNA The signal-tonoise ratio of the miRNA targets prediction was 4.1:1 when...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... Sry Kb - 9.5 - 7.5 - 4.4 - 2.4 - 1.35 Asty Figure Identification of the novel MSYq encoded transcripts Asty and Asty(rec) Identification of the novel MSYq encoded transcripts Asty and Asty(rec) ... XYRIIIqdel, with deletion of about two-thirds of MSYq; XYTdym1qdelSry, with deletion of about nine tenths of MSYq; and XSxraY* X, in which the only Y specific sequences are provided by the Y short arm ... transcriptional consequence of MSYq deficiency is the upregulation of a number of spermatid-expressed X genes, including Xmr, leads us to suspect that amplification of Xmr and Sly is a result of 'genomic conflict'...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 15:20

... analysis of Nkx2-5 overexpression led to the discovery of 99 potential targets of Nkx2-5 Howard J Edenberg, Ph.D., Chair vii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables xii! List of Figures ... code, which details the type of experimental evidence that yielded the annotation Scope of this work This work has one main goal: the identification of potential targets of Nkx2-5 in early development ... constructed network of orthologous genes, annotations from each member of the network can then be applied to the network as a whole 18 CHAPTER 2: IDENTIFICATION OF PUTATIVE TARGETS OF NKX2-5 IN XENOPUS...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 12:29

... survival of only 44% The possible reasons for these low survival rates are the high incidence of chemoresistance found with EOC and a lack of consideration of the high degree of heterogeneity of EOC ... shRNA retrieval by PCR of the genomic DNA…………… 2.2.3 Next-generation sequencing analysis to count copy number of individual shRNAs……………………………………… 2.2.4 Statistical identification of subtype-specific ... Overview of ovarian cancer………………………………………… 1.1.1 Definition of ovarian cancer……………………………… 1.1.2 Epidemiology of ovarian cancer…………………………… 1.1.3 Risk factors of ovarian cancer……………………………… 1.1.4 Cell of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:09

... formation of the activated Stat3 complex and cause differentiation of ESCs (Boeuf et al., 1997) Blockage of activation of Stat3 by overexpression of its dominant-negative mutant in the presence of LIF ... different ways by distinct signal transduction pathways: by changing the rate of synthesis or degradation of the protein, by post-translational modification of the transcription factor or by altering ... 6.2.1.1 Comparative location analyses of Oct4 and Sox2 115 6.2.1.2 Oct4 and Sox2 co-occupy on the same DNA molecules 116 6.2.2 Regulation of target genes by Oct4 and Sox2 116 6.2.3 Identification of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:03

... phases of RNAi Ago proteins are key components of RISC responsible for the cleavage of the target RNA The cleavage is catalysed by a Piwi domain of Ago proteins, the structural homolog of RNase ... effect of targeted RNA in HeLa cells to be at the level of approximately 78% when 100 nm siDNA was used (Fig 2) Application of higher concentrations of siDNAs than of siRNAs is necessitated by the ... leaves of N benthamiana The weaker response of infected tobacco plants to dsDNA treatment in these experiments could be explained by the length of the cDNA (1409 bp), which was longer than that of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20

... inhibition of FasL expression by RA involves a novel mechanism of NFAT blockage that is mediated by a subset of the retinoid receptors All-trans-RA inhibits the DNA binding activity of NFAT To ... indicate that FasL expression inhibition by RA involves a novel mechanism of NFAT transcription inhibition The biological functions of RA are mainly mediated by the ligand-dependent transcriptional ... between RA-induced repression of NFAT and the pathophysiology of these diseases Given the importance of NFAT in fundamental physiology, the inhibition of NFAT function by retinoids may be a critical...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:21