normal and abnormal cardiac function

... amenorrhoea Normal secondary sexual characteristics Absent vagina and uterus Normal ovaries FSH, Follicle-stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone 23 Normal and abnormal sexual development and puberty ... an enzyme defect in the adrenal gland- usually 21 -hydroxylase deficiency- prevents the 26 Normal and abnormal sexual development and puberty fetal adrenal gland from producing cortisol Failure ... activity is normal and there are no sequelae In cases where a transverse vaginal septum results from failure of canalization of the vagina, septae may 30 Normal and abnormal sexual development and puberty...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 16:20

... Basic Electrocardiography NORMAL AND ABNORMAL ECG PATTERNS Basic Electrocardiography NORMAL AND ABNORMAL ECG PATTERNS A Bayés de Luna, MD, FESC, FACC Professor ... this book, we explain the origin of normal ECG and the normal and abnormal ECG patterns The importance of surface ECG in the diagnosis of arrhythmias is not shown and will be done in another book ... provides a concise summary of the classical and modern concepts of electrocardiology and provides 22 cases covering a wide spectrum of normal variations and abnormal electrocardiographic findings In...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... FP and HP, and ± morphology in III and V1 and −/+ in VL) and ectopic P wave (clockwise rotation and morphology −/+ in III and V1 and ± in VL) shorter PR intervals in pre-excitation syndromes and ... interval and segment and QT interval, calculating the electrical axis of the heart, analysing sequentially the different waves and segments of the ECG (P, QRS, ST, T and U waves) CHAPTER Normal ... V1 V2 V3 V4 Figure 18 Observe the vectors and ventricular depolarisation loop (left) and the projection of the cardiac vectors and loops on frontal and horizontal planes (right) in a heart with...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... second ICS and positive or +/− in fourth ICS Normal < 0.12 s Normal From < 0.12 to ≥0.12 s Normal Often ≥0.12 s Often tall and peaked and + or ± Often abnormal Often ≥0.12 s Sometimes ≥0.12 s Normal ... specificity is determined in a control group (patients without the abnormality under study) and sensitivity in a group with the abnormality once other first-choice techniques (echocardiography, angiography, ... ≤4 mm in V1 and V2/V1 QRS complex voltage ≥5 (quite a specific criterion, SP = 90%) P-wave abnormalities (P ≥ 2.5 mm in II and/ or 1.5 mm in V1) These criteria have low sensitivity and they are...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... originates a qR pattern in lead I and VL and rS in leads II, III, VF while inferoposterior hemiblock originates an RS pattern in lead I and VL and a qR pattern in leads II, III and VF r Block of the middle ... Ventriculogram abnormalities [28,29] (Figures 48–50) QRS complexes show an abnormal morphology with a width greater than that of the baseline QRS complex (often >0.11 seconds) and characteristic ... Ventricular enlargement 49 QRS complexes within normal limits, but with significant repolarisation abnormalities (negative T wave and depression of ST segment), mainly when the patient...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... corresponds to 1, and 13 segments, inferior wall to 4, 10 and 15 (4 was the old normal posterior wall and now named inferobasal segment), septal to 2, 3, 8, and 14, and lateral to 5, 6, 11, 12 and 16, ... electrical charges and ionic changes (A and C), DTP levels and TAP morphologies (D), clinical ECG (E), and pathological finding (F), in different types of tissue (normal, ischaemic, injured and necrotic) ... in I and VL) with a mirror image in II, III, VF and in the HP, the anterolateral subepicardial ischaemia (negative T waves from V1 to V6 and ± V1–V2, and Q waves from V1 to V4 and VL ) and low...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... the first septal artery (S1) and first diagonal (D1) (20–45%), between S1 and D1 (30%) or distal to S1 and D1 (10–30%) A sequential approach to ECG analysis based on ‘ups and downs’ of the ST segment ... presumptive diagnosis of a culprit artery, site of the occlusion and area at risk, and quantification and grade of ischaemia [37,38] (See Figures 73 and 74.) Acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation ... (apart from ischaemic heart disease) Normal variants Chest abnormalities, early repolarisation, vagal overdrive In vagal overdrive, ST-segment elevation is mild, and generally accompanies the early...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... precordial leads, or abnormal ‘q’ wave in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, sometimes deep but narrow and usually with normal repolarisation 2.5 Left bundle branch conduction abnormalities 2.6 Infiltrative ... artefacts 2.2 Normal variants: VL in the vertical heart and III in the dextrorotated and horizontalised heart 2.3 QS in V1 (hardly ever in V2) in septal fibrosis, emphysema, the elderly, chest abnormalities, ... hypertension (210/130 mmHg) and an elevated potassium level (6.4 mEq/L) Note the tall and peaked T wave and elevation of the ST segment in V2 and V3 In leads I, II, and III, QT is relatively long...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... presents RS in I and qR in II and III Above: the QRS loop in such cases and the method of ˆ AQRS calculation from the first and the second part of QRS Thus, the correct answer is B (see p 26 and Figure ... accepted as normal for adults, but can be observed in teenagers without heart disease and with normal echocardiogram, as it is in this case Thus, the correct answer is B (see Figures 22D and 25.1A) ... right ventricular enlargement and, probably, in the right superoanterior zonal block (see Table 6) The absolutely normal appearance of the P and T waves supports a normal heart with rotation type...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... (ST-segment elevation in leads V1 through V5 and in VR and VL) and an evident ST-segment depression that is apparent in leads II, III, VF and V6 Give your comments, and your opinion, regarding the characteristics ... disease and, in the absence of ischaemic heart disease, this repolarisation abnormality supports the severity of the valve heart disease Therefore, the correct answer is C (see p 44 and Figure ... vector that is directed anteriorly and upwards and, therefore, generates an ST-segment elevation in leads V1–V2 to V4–V5 and an ST-segment depression in leads II, III and VF (see Figure 58) The fact...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... Additionally, it is not suggestive of a chronic inferior and/ or lateral necrosis because the repolarisation in inferior and V4–V6 is normal and, also, the Q wave is not wide Rather, this recording ... depression in many leads with and without dominant R wave (I, II, VL, VF and from V3 to V6 with the maximum depression in V3 and V4); (2) ST-segment elevation in VR and V1 Also, a qR morphology ... new termie nology for the left ventricular walls and for the locations of Q wave and Q wave equivalent myocardial infarcts based on the standard of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging Circulation...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... include CDH as a consequence of abnormal lung development, CDH as a consequence of abnormal phrenic nerve innervation, CDH as a consequence of abnormal myotube formation, and CDH as a failure of closure ... uncertainties notwithstanding, computer simulations can allow us to understand morphogenesis of the normal mammalian diaphragm and the events that underlie the abnormal development of CDH and other anomalies ... simulation modeling as a means for studying normal and abnormal development of the diaphragm In doing so, we apply a novel method combining experimental data and simulated objects – the "Roger Rabbit"...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... muscle tone abnormalities demonstrated by animals after SCI in two situations: on ground and off ground The rating is as follows: 0, no abnormalities; 1, for each of the following abnormalities: ... activated and become functional after dCMS Potentiating the spared normal connections could also happen after dCMS On the other hand, in control animals, potentiating normal connections and facilitating ... limbs and fanning of the paws (compare 2A and 2C) These postural changes were quantified using the abnormal pattern scale (APS) APS showed substantial increase for both on (APSon 9.8 ± 0.70) and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... ankle) and the flexion synergy (external rotation, abduction, and flexion of the hip, flexion of the knee, and flexion and eversion of the ankle) [16,17] with varying levels of completeness [18] and ... spastic paresis and its relation to prime mover dysfunction, spastic reflexes and antagonist co-activation Scand J Rehabil Med 1980, 12(3):93-106 Bobath B: Adult Hemiplegia: Evaluation and Treatment ... play a significant role in gait abnormalities [12,13] A well documented factor limiting the motor rehabilitation of patients following stroke is the presence of abnormal muscle activation patterns...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... contractile function, due to aberrant 26 Aspects of Pacemakers – Functions and Interactions in Cardiac and Non -Cardiac Indications expression and loss of cardiac contractile proteins, and profound ... 14 Aspects of Pacemakers – Functions and Interactions in Cardiac and Non -Cardiac Indications References [1] Lopez, A.D., et al., Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic ... transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modification of the miRNA genomic 22 Aspects of Pacemakers – Functions and Interactions in Cardiac and Non -Cardiac Indications...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 05:20

... end-systolic and end-diastolic phase images were displayed (Figs and 2), and EDV, ESV, EF, SV, CO, and myocardial mass were calculated automatically (Tables and 2) The EDV and ESV were 48.80 ± 23.30 ml and ... 0.73 kg and 34.10 ± 0.98 kg, respectively Radiological assessment of cardiac function After premedication with azaperone (0.5 mg/kg, intramuscular) and xylazine (8 mg/kg, intramuscular), normal ... was similar between conventional pigs and micropigs (Fig 3) Discussion Cardiac mortality is closely related to cardiac volumes and global left ventricular function, which is expressed as the LVEF...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... in propentofylline -and saline-treated normal and monoarthritic rats (NS, MS, NP, and MP groups) (a) groups) Time course of integrated C-reflex responses (% change) 10, 20 and 40 minutes after ... Therapy Vol 11 No Constandil et al Figure Effect of IL-1β on spinal cord wind-up activity in propentofylline- and saline-treated normal and monoarthritic rats (NS, MS, NP and MP groups) (a) groups) ... a differential response of normal and monoarthritic rats after disruption of glial function, at least when the animals were tested to IL-1β challenge, as both normal and monoarthritic animals...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... differentiated from hES and FL derived CD34+ cells were stained with CD1a and HLA-DR, CD1a and B7.1, and CD1a and B7.2 Results showed that hES derived DCs are positive for HLA-DR, B7.1, and B7.2 surface ... hES-DCs and FL-DCs: CD1a+HLA-DR+ (10.5% and 9.6%), CD1a+B7.1+ (14% and 15.4%), and CD1a+B7.2+ (11.4% and 12.9%) cells We also observed single positive cell populations for CD1a, HLA-DR, B7.1, and ... siRNA, and TAR decoy in SCID-hu mouse-derived T cells Mol Ther 2007, 15:1182-8 Anderson J, Akkina R: CXCR4 and CCR5 shRNA transgenic CD34+ cell derived macrophages are functionally normal and resist...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... were subjects with normal lung function that were classified as having abnormal lung function and subjects who had abnormal lung function but were identified as having normal lung function Out of ... subjects with normal lung function who were classified incorrectly and subjects with abnormal lung function who were recognized as having normal lung function Figure shows the sensitivity and specificity ... derived from the features of coughs from male and female test subjects with normal and abnormal lung function The method is accurate, and can be easily and quickly administered In the future, cough...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... assessed for proper functionality [46] Here we show that CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cell derived macrophages expressing shRNAs targeting CXCR4 and CCR5 are functionally normal and resist infection ... macrophages are functionally normal As stable expression of some shRNAs could have possible off-target global effects leading to disruption of normal cellular functions, we performed functional assays ... phenotypically and functionally normal Discussion Down regulation of the major HIV-1 coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5 in virus susceptible cells is a promising approach to prevent viral entry and establishment...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:21