... flow from the initial hypothesis, through the design ofthe experiment, the analysis ofthe data, and the final estimate ofthe true risk Either structure can be used, but we have chosen the method ... The greater the number and the lesser the selection of tested relationships’ the more likely the findings will be spurious The higher the probability that the pre-study hypothesis is true, the ... design the study population is selected on the basis of disease, and the strength of association is based on the odds of exposure (odds ratio or OR), which is the ratio ofthe proportion of exposed...
... COPD is currently the 4th-leading cause of mortality and the 12th-leading cause of disability, by the year 2020 it will be the 3rd-leading cause of death and the 5thleading cause of disability worldwide ... both the lung (airways and parenchyma) and the systemic circulation [32-34] The intensity ofthe inflammatory process in the airways and in the systemic circulation is associated with severity of ... differences in the annual decline in FEV1% pred for current smokers The regression line is weighted by the numbers of current smokers The diameter of each circle is proportional to the number of current...
... days of death One member ofthe research team (AF) performed the interviews withthe staff at the Addiction Centre The staff included nurses and nursing assistants who had had previous contact with ... initiated and designed the study and was helpful in the drafting ofthe manuscript PL initiated and designed the study and was helpful in the drafting ofthe manuscript LB drafted the manuscript and ... 76% ofthe sample The remaining 24% had been admitted as outpatients and had applied because they subjectively had a substance use problem It is safe to conclude that they all fulfilled Page of...
... broad categories relating to the selection ofthe study sample (four points); the comparability ofthe sample groups (two points); and the ascertainment of either the exposure (for case-control ... because they were either: [a] not primary studies but editorials, letters or commentaries; [b] the majority of infants in the study sample were older than two years; [c] the definition ofthe ... on the results ofthe present study Our findings are likely to be representative estimates ofthe true effects of passive smoking on the risk of LRI in infancy since they are based on results of...
... reflects the contribution of platelets to the clot firmness Angle α (normal range 55 to 62 mm) is the angle formed by the slope ofthe TEG tracing from the R to the K value It represents the rate of ... is the maximal amplitude on the TEG trace It reflects the strength ofthe clot and is a direct result ofthe function of platelets and plasma factors and their interaction We also calculated the ... assessment ofthe contribution of fibrinogen to clot strength Modifications ofthe TEG with incubation of samples with abciximab-fab in vitro allows the differentiation between hypofibrinogenaemia...
... material The next strategy, which is the basis ofthe present study, is continued surveillance This necessitates the presence of an ongoing surveillance system which is the case withthe Swedish ... lower than that during the first period There are two possible explanations The noticed effect of loratadine during the first period could be the result of a synergism with an unknown factor ... suggests that the earlier observed association between maternal useof loratadine in early pregnancy and birth of infants with hypospadias was the result of multiple testing Acknowledgments The study...
... measure of bone strength BMD measurements have been shown to correlate strongly withthe load bearing capacity ofthe hip and spine and withthe risk of fracture In patients with osteoporosis, there ... by the maximal bone mass achieved in young adulthood, as well as by the subsequent rate of bone loss At theof age 70 years, these two determinants of bone mass are equally important [30] The ... genes and provide further clues to the molecular basis ofthe diseases [42] Because ofthe close correspondence among mammalian genomes, it is a hope that identification ofthe genes underlying...
... methods ofthe study Part II comprises four chapters Chapter I deals with an overview ofthe theoretical background ofthe research It is concerned withthe issues relevant to the topic ofthe research: ... hereof is that how the reader understands the written texts because the meanings of a word depend on the context in which it appears The closer the reader shares the context withthe author, the ... strategies, … Withthe hope of providing the students with useful techniques for improving their reading skills in the content field of Medicine, the author ofthe research conducts the study titled...
... candidate for the degree of Master of Arts (TEFL) accept the requirements ofthe College relating to the retention and useof Master of Arts Thesis deposited in the library In terms of these conditions, ... define the quality of a test The investigation and evaluation ofthe reliability ofthe final achievement computer-based MCQs test are therefore useful to the judgment ofthe quality of teaching, learning ... reduce the reliability ofthe test scores On the basis of these results, the author provides some suggestions towards the improvement ofthe test quality The reliability ofthe final achievement...
... Organization ofthe study The study includes three parts: - Part 1, INTRODUCTION, introduces the rationale for the research, the aims ofthe study, the scope, the methods and the organization ofthe study ... subjective and incomplete because ofthe limitation ofthe writer’s practical experience 39 And lastly, within the scope ofthe current study, there was no detailed description ofthe recommended formal ... %) of them focused on production, and the rest of them focused on perception All the elements of pronunciation are treated directly or indirectly However, there is a cut-out in the number of...
... methods ofthe study Part II comprises four chapters Chapter I deals with an overview ofthe theoretical background ofthe research It is concerned withthe issues relevant to the topic ofthe research: ... hereof is that how the reader understands the written texts because the meanings of a word depend on the context in which it appears The closer the reader shares the context withthe author, the ... consulting with a specialist ofthe subject area, sharing experiencewith students, etc the ESP teacher can “pick up” a lot of knowledge ofthe subject matter Sharing the same point of view with Hutchinson...
... “Although being taught the verb fly, withthe past simple form flew, the past participle flown, a lot of them use flied instead of flew; or in terms of nouns, they often confuse between the singular and ... method can work with a number of students but don’t work withthe others” All ofthe teachers have the complaint about the over-size class at the university as they always consisted of from 45 to ... first part introduces the rationale for the study carried out by the researcher, the aims ofthe study, the scope ofthe study, and the method by which the study was conducted The second part is...
... comparisons of these three CSF biomarkers Instead, they were used to employ correlations with other markers within each group and to define ‘individuals within the control group with increased ... in the hippocampus is involved in Abinduced cognitive dysfunction [10] These findings together point to the need to increase our understanding ofthe role of MMPs in AD and their relation to other ... [14-20] Apart from these biomarkers, the presence ofthe apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is another well-established risk factor for the development of AD dementia [1] The aim of this study was...
... For the population ofthe world, the rate of SCD is fairly low relative to the long-QT group, so less invasive and costly tests could be used, and, again because ofthe clear definition ofthe ... committee member In addition, the opinion ofthe committee was not in agreement with that ofthe investigator in 40% ofthe cases Uncertainty of interpretation ofthe data is not specific to this ... represents 40–60% of SCD cases On the other hand, the remaining cases of SCD may be predicted with greater accuracy because they are included in higher-risk subgroups The majority of these patients...
... compared The analysis looks at the entry into an SE, the transfer ofthe registered office of an SE from one member state to another member state and the exit out of an SE With regard to the entry, the ... whether the losses ofthe transferring entity may actually be used within its lifetime In most countries (also within the EU) theuseof losses is restricted even for the taxpayer who suffered the ... introduction ofthe SE - the European Company Statute shall be reviewed and amended if necessary as stated in Art 69 (a) ECS The aim ofthe introduction ofthe SE was to strengthen the competitiveness of...
... admission to the module is the positive assessment ofthe thesis § Master thesis (1) The completion of a Master thesis is mandatory (2) The Master thesis has to meet the scientific standards ofthe subject ... of skills for the critical and autonomous discussion of advanced problems in the field of macroeconomics Requirement for admission to the courses ofthe module is the positive assessment ofthe ... points at the beginning ofthe registration period ofthe respective semester This quota expires at the end ofthe registration period Every student uses an optional number of points of her/his...
... reported in the febrile control group [35] This lack of increase may be the result of excluding patients with presumptive bacterial infections, because LPS is the main inducer for the synthesis of IL-1b ... property of TLR signal transduction could be one explanation [38] The sources ofthe serum cytokine in febrile seizures patients are not clear The main source of IL-1 is monocytes in the periphery ... administration of IL-6 prolonged the latency and shortened the duration of hyperthermia-induced seizures, suggesting an anti-convulsant effect to febrile seizures [46] On the other hand, intranasal...
... analysis The weighting factors for each record were computed by the ABS to reflect the population at the time ofthe survey, taking into account the probability of being sampled and the differential ... enable the monitoring of trends over time For these analyses the most recent NHS conducted in 2004/05 was used The survey used a stratified multistage area sample design from which a sample of private ... simultaneously with occupation Analysis ofthe BMI of working age adults by occupational group together with lifestyle behaviors would locate occupations with a high prevalence of overweight and...