new frontiers in animal research of psychiatric illness

... phenotype was seen in only a small percentage of fish Combining this low dose of rap1b morpholino with a similarly low dose of san morpholino resulted in a synergistic increase in both the intracerebral ... accompanying minireview [11] on the biochemical interactions of the CCM proteins) Furthering the pursuit of genetic interactions, co-morpholino experiments were performed to examine the interactions ... normal number of cells, but instead of building into concentric layers to form the walls of the heart, the myocardial cells form into a single layer, resulting in a dilated, thin-walled heart...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... prepared in saline 30 μL of saline were injected as control in the controlateral paw No major adverse effects were observed after injection of 2% carrageenan in the right paw of the mice All the animals ... [25,26] CARR injection in the hind paw of the mouse is one of the most commonly used models of inflammation and inflammatory pain and it has a biphasic profile [27] Recent studies pointed out important ... Differential induction of the toll-like receptor 4-MyD88-dependent and independent signaling pathways by endotoxins Infect Immun 2005, 73:2940-2950 Grutz G: New insights into the molecular mechanism of interleukin-10mediated...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... of significant response are indicated by bullets Tree-ring characteristics of subalpine fir correlation between chronologies indicated differences in the factors influencing wood formation in ... known about the variation in radial growth and tree-ring properties of subalpine fir in relation to site factors In the central region of interior British Columbia, subalpine fir grows from the ... fir zone with increasing elevation − about m in height with every 100 m increase in elevation and 1.4 m in height with every 1° in latitude [35] − it is logical to expect a decline in radial growth...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21

... data, using eight “fit” indices We also examined the psychometric characteristics of the BDI-II Our results were broadly in support of the majority findings in the literature, indicating that ... objectives of the study were: (i) using the responses of a sample of Arab college students to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in CFA, to compare the “goodness of fit” indices of the original ... conditions [37] Hence, in order to examine the robustness of our results and make our findings comparable with the international data, we chose fit indices from each of the three GOF measures [54],...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:22

... problems include the definition of ARF [3]; the choice, validity and relevance of animal models of ARF [4]; and the choice regarding appropriate physiological and clinical end-points for trials of new ... getting worse or better This can usually be determined by monitoring serum creatinine alone [14] Like creatinine clearance, the serum creatinine will not be an accurate reflection of GFR in the ... recommendations for each individual workgroup below A complete report of the findings, including a full discussion of the issues involved, along with rationale and independent comments by other international...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... having sufficient power are therefore extremely important in minimizing the in uence of confounding factors arising from inherent problems associated with breeding APP transgenic mice and maintaining ... brain was similar in single- and doubletransgenic mice [96] The findings are relevant to the Lewy body variant of AD with a-synuclein inclusions Instead of cross-breeding two single-transgenic ... is now a renewed interest in studying APP processing in sporadic AD brain, and in understanding the mechanisms of Ab truncation and modification Most transgenic models produce mainly full-length...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... N-terminal peptide of another blood serum protein, des-angiotensinogen [11] The structure of the Ni(II) complex of the latter contains a specic steric shielding, resulting in a particularly slow kinetics ... illustrated in Fig for Ni(II) binding at site I of HSA Because of the slowness of Ni(II) binding at site I (see below), but not at site II, the equilibration of reaction at each point of Ni(II) ... neighbouring His242) bind phosphate ions, thereby providing another level of competition for metal ion binding Kinetics of Ni(II) binding and Cu(II)/Ni(II) exchange The data presented in Table...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... testing multiple models, it is easier to start them all off in a common way by beginning with an M-step, and, second, it allowed us to point the model in the vague general direction of what linguistic ... is worth noting that these totally unsupervised numbers are better than the performance of the CCM model of Klein and Manning (2002) running off of Penn treebank word classes Again, if we modify ... Parsing Ph.D thesis, University of Pennsylvania Jason Eisner 1996 Three new probabilistic models for dependency parsing: An exploration In COLING 16, pages 340–345 Steven Paul Finch 1993 Finding...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... of both the PDGF isoform, PDGF-B, and the receptor PDGF-R frequently occur in gliomas, suggesting the potential role of a malfunctioning autocrine signaling loop in the pathogenesis of some of ... genetic inactivation of p53 to produce brain tumors In general, such inhibition is achieved via either germ line p53 deletions, or by functional p53 inhibition utilizing transforming viral proteins ... which link the gene of interest to a glial specific promoter such as GFAP, S100β, or Nestin, provides an appealing approach towards the creation of spontaneously occurring brain tumors in animals...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... the final models In line with research of anxiety and gender, male gender was associated to less anxiety [34] Not surprisingly, increasing age and clinical Hamang et al Health and Quality of Life ... kind of biases might influence the results Ideally we would like to generalize the findings in our study to all subjects undergoing genetic counseling for LQTS and HCM The proportion of decliners ... addition, information of being at risk of a possible life-threatening cardiac disorder and experiencing sudden cardiac death in the family may create a burdensome life uncertainty [13] Research...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... possible An alternative mode of imaging is the use of single photon imaging of γ-emitting isotopes like 11 1In or 99Tc Imaging of γ-emitting isotopes is referred to as single photon emission commuted ... studies on the dynamics of lymphocyte interactions in the synovium has thus been established 168 Most of the work in intravital imaging of leukocytes has focused on the interaction of lymphocytes with ... movement of leukocytes in blood vessels is fast and much data can be collected in a couple of minutes of recording, the migration of leukocytes in tissues is relatively slow and requires many minutes...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... reduction in local production of proinflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing their circulating levels and abolishing a sensitizing effect on naïve joints A conflicting finding was the protection of ... be injected into the enclosed joint cavity, with minimal risk of leakage to the blood circulation Because of this, precise targeting is not needed in RA, unlike in the treatment of cancer Findings ... Bennink MB, Loesberg WA, Dmitriev IP, Curiel DT, Martin MU, van den Berg WB: Effectiveness of the soluble form of the interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein as an inhibitor of interleukin-1 in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:24

... intraperitoneally instead of the antibody solution In a saline group of animals, saline was injected in the knee joint instead of the administration of MIA After days, synovial lavage was performed ... significantly inhibited FGF8-induced incorporation of [3H]thymidine Articular destruction by intraarticular injection of FGF8 into the rat knee joint The activity of FGF8 on the knee joint was tested ... An injection of 50 μg/site FGF8 increased the concentration of S-GAG in joint fluid (Figure 5a) The amount of S-GAG in the FGF8 injection group was 4.2 times higher than that of the saline injection...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:23

... severity of PGIA and proteoglycan-induced spondylitis and to determine expression patterns of a panel of relevant genes in a large number of distinct colonies of the susceptible mouse strain BALB/c ... Arthritis Research & Therapy Vol 11 No Robinson same inbred strain of mouse, the universally studied BALB/c, which is the most susceptible to PGIA The goal of the research was to compare the incidence ... Although induction of disease by the usual immunisation regime did not reveal any differences in incidence and severity, the sub-lines of BALB/c mice showed modest but significant differences in immune...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:20

... identified TNF/IL-1 involvement In 1991, Kollias and coworkers provided insight into the possible role of TNF in arthritis induction in an elegant series of experiments By introducing into mice a modified ... attention in clinical trials Joint erosion scores are often dominated by bone erosion, whereas joint space narrowing, if included, is an insensitive measure of focal cartilage erosion and the impact of ... Although IL-1 is not a dominant early inflammatory cytokine in all models, it is the pivotal cytokine in inhibition of chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis in the articular cartilage in all models studied...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... predict the genetic merit of animals Usually in animal breeding schemes animals are selected on some criteria and so methods of analysis are needed that take account of selection Maximum likelihood ... this will increase ; ’;2) the dimension of the search by We now develop a method that does not increase the dimension of search It is useful to think of a composite matrix of y and y i , of the ... of maximization of o, bi is from minus infinity to infinity rather than to infinity in order to allow negative environmental variances This only needs minor changes to the algorithm The term...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... resulting in a debate about common and distinct features of depression and anxiety emotional disorders Both can be viewed as manifestations of a broad dimension of internalizing symptoms distinct ... students invited Response rates for individual schools ranged from 18 % to 38 % resulting in 33 % of the adolescents taking part in the study (n = 1238; 46 % boys and 54 % girls) A total of 55 % of ... chi-square test of fit with dichotomous or ordinal observed variables In all models individuals with partially missing item level data were included, since estimation of missing data patterns...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:21

... depressed? b Being involved in talk therapy (psychotherapy) a One in 1000 c Staying sober b One in 50 d Stopping antidepressant medications if feeling well c One in d One in Which of the following is ... following are recognized symptoms of depression EXCEPT: 73 Which of the following is true about the age of onset of depression? 69 All of the following are typical of patients suffering from clinical ... reviewing the individual items in depth Each of the remaining nine experts was invited to formally rate each item for its relevancy in testing depression knowledge and its treatment on a five point...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... reported injecting heroin in the past 30 days Almost three quarters of the sample reported injecting heroin at their most recent injection (74.6%) or injecting with others all or most of the time ... for the first finding is that people tended to continue to engage in behaviors that increased their risk of overdose (e.g., combined use of opioids and alcohol) The finding concerning the SCL-90-R ... lacking confidence in or being unsure of their ability to help in an overdose situation They expressed interest in receiving information about overdose prevention (76.3%) or train- ing on how to respond...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 18:20