network layer in osi model ppt

... physical and logical addressing Includes routing and relaying data through internetworks Layer s primary function is to deliver packets from the source network to the destination network Responsible ... data that are from differing computer architectures Responsible for establishing and maintaining communications channels In practice, often combined with the Transport Layer Facilitates a dialogue ... Sub-layers: Logical Link Control (LLC) Runs between the Network Layer and MAC sub -layer, providing flexibility between the two layers Media Access Control (MAC) Responsible for framing Builds frames...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 09:20

... real communication in the target language, including composing and exchanging messages with other students in the classroom or around the world (Oxford, 1990, p 79) By involving in an email exchange ... ĐHQGHN, Ngoại ngữ, T.XXI, Số 2, 2005 63 Financial barriers also include the investment in training The use of the Internet in language teaching and learning requires some technological knowledge ... language input from their exchange partner while maintaining the unrehearsed communicative context The network environment also enables a new form of language learning i.e distance learning Indeed,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 12:20

... metabolized Invertases (INVs) can in uence plant growth and development either directly (e.g by in uencing source–sink relationships or by acting as a true regulatory protein) or indirectly via ... signalling and biosynthesis gene expression [41] and HXK-dependent signalling interacts positively and negatively with auxin and cytokinin signalling, respectively [19] Glucose and ethylene signalling ... signalling and antioxidant networks in plants localization of AtCINV1, a well-characterized neutral invertase of Arabidopsis, and its interaction with a phosphatidylinositol monophosphate 5-kinase...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 11:20

... the seven OSI Model layers 47 48 NET+ 2.2 Chapter NETWORKING STANDARDS AND THE OSI MODEL Table 2-1 Functions of the OSI layers OSI Model Layer Function Application (Layer 7) Provides interface ... this information when installing network operating systems, configuring servers and client workstations, installing NICs, troubleshooting network problems, and purchasing network equipment IEEE Networking ... routine) used to verify the accuracy of data contained in a data frame Cyclic Redundancy Check—See CRC Data Link layer The second layer in the OSI Model The Data Link layer bridges the networking...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... new infrastructure versus reusing existing infrastructure—Can you use existing wiring? In some cases, for example, installing all new Category UTP wiring may not pay off if you can use existing ... affecting productivity—If you save money by reusing existing slower lines, are you incurring costs by reducing productivity? In other words, are you making staff wait longer to save and print reports ... affect the cost of installing and maintaining the network, the ease of adding new segments or nodes to the network, and the technical expertise required to maintain the network The connectors you...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... domains for each of the following colleges: Life Sciences, Humanities, Communications, and Engineering Within the Engineering domain, additional domains such as “Chemical Engineering,” “Industrial ... process of installing, maintaining, or optimizing Windows Server 2003 networks For this in- depth knowledge (and particularly if you plan to pursue MCSE certification), you should invest in books ... domains in one organization The directory containing information about objects in a domain resides on computers called domain controllers A Windows Server 2003 network may use multiple domain...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... located in an IP address The “1” bits in a subnet mask indicate that corresponding bits in an IP address contain network information The “0” bits in a subnet mask indicate that corresponding bits in ... of network and host information In classful addressing, the network information portion of an IP address (the network ID) is limited to the first bits in a Class A address, the first 16 bits in ... 11 IN- DEPTH TCP/IP NETWORKING Figure 4-8 to review the bit separation between network and host information in classful addressing Figure 11-1 offers some example IP addresses separated into network...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... location of network information in an IP address Bits in a subnet mask that equal indicate that corresponding bits in an IP address contain network information Bits in a subnet mask that equal indicate ... provided by CIDR (Classless InterDomain Routing) CIDR offers additional ways of arranging network and host information in an IP address In CIDR, conventional network class distinctions not exist CIDR ... value of results in a A bit with a value of plus any other bit results in a CIDR (Classless Inter-domain Routing)—An IP addressing and subnetting method in which network and host information is...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... resolution In that case, the initiation phase would include determining whether the project is feasible, assessing needs, and determining which staff will be involved Identifying goals and answering ... involves interviewing users and comparing perceptions to factual data It probably also involves analyzing network baseline data (discussed later in this chapter) Your goal in performing a needs ... eavesdropping at a building’s demarcation point, at a remote switching facility, or in a central office True or false? Proxy servers manage security at the Network layer of the OSI Model True...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... containing nine pins that is used on STP-based Token Ring networks DC (domain component) In LDAP naming conventions, the name of any one of the domains to which an object belongs dedicated—A continuously ... wrapping one layer s PDU with protocol information so that it can be interpreted by a lower layer For example, Data Link layer protocols encapsulate Network layer packets in frames Encapsulating ... forwarding, and conference calling signals daisy chain—A group of connectivity devices linked together in a serial fashion Data Encryption Standard—See DES Data Link layer The second layer in the OSI...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... to 13 and u and equating to be obtained using a Bayesian approach Differentiating these equations (3.2) A similar result can gives V An example in dairy cattle there is a positive covariance between ... of C and B The equivalent model allows one to directlyuse the usual mixed model of Henderson ( 1975), which are in this case V(K’13’) = K’P I I K for Alternative K’fi being equations to equations ... algorithms Normally, be written on III An equivalent model Models are defined to be equivalent if they yield the matrix of y, and E(y) is the same for both models Let same variance-covariance and V =...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... www.bkacad.com 37 Routing vs Switching • Switching occurs at Layer 2, routing occurs at Layer • Routing and switching use different information in the process of moving data from source to destination H ... forwarding to a destination network H c vi n m ng Bách khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP) • • Define the basic role of the Network Layer in data networks ... List several ways in which dividing a large network can increase network security H c vi n m ng Bách khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 32 Grouping Devices into Networks • Explain the communication...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 13:17

... in the network, n is the number of cluster pairs with edges in the inferred network, f is the number of cluster pairs with edges in the inferred network, including the known gene pairs with interactions, ... pathogenic relationships involved in hepatocellular carcinoma 3.3.3 Interpretations of the inferred network in terms of gene-gene interactions In addition to the macroscopic interpretations above, ... prerequisite for defining the variables in the network inference by the graphical Gaussian modeling This involved the following steps (1) The averages and the standard deviations in the respective...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/08/2012, 16:18

... Terminal H.323 cña Cisco Locall Area Network Intererface Admission Control With Cisco IOS MCM Gatekeeper – Call Across WAN May I call 2111 with a bandwidth of 384K? Call flow H.323 RAS signaling ... Terminal Video I/O Equipment Audio I/O Equipment User Data Applications System Control User Interface Video codec H261, H263 Audio condec G711, G722, G723, G728 G729 recovery Path Delay H.225.0 Layer ... you can! IP WAN zone zone Admission Control Via Zone BandWidth in the Cisco IOS MCM Gatepeer H×nh4: Admission - Cisco A B Setup Alerting Connect TermCapSet TermCapAck mSDet mSDetAck mSDetConfirm...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2012, 21:11

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 19:15

... the seven layers of the OSI model and the encapsulation unit used to describe the data grouping at each layer Also list the networking devices that operate at each layer, if applicable Layer # ... Encapsulation Unit or Logical Grouping Devices or Components that Operate at this Layer 2-2 CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.0 - Lab 2.3.7 Copyright  2003, Cisco Systems, Inc ...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 19:15

... UltraWAVE GSM Network- In- A-Box ADC's UltraWAVE GSM Network- In- A-Box product offers the ability to support a complete GSM network by integrating a mobile switching center (MSC), a base ... capacity networks or network extensions The UltraWAVE NIB can support either a completely stand-alone GSM network and integrate with existing wireline and wireless network infrastructures or can ... extension of an existing public land mobile network (PLMN) Its usage has ranged from remote small coverage areas often with satellite backhaul to enterprise private GSM networks integrating with private...

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 11:20