nature vs nurture in the pathogenesis of aging and disease

... involves its interaction with receptors consisting of a heterodimer of high-affinity IL-4Rα and either the common γ chain or the IL-13 receptor α chain Binding of IL-4 results in the tyrosine phosphorylation ... phosphorylation of signal transduction molecules including motifs similar to those involved in insulin signaling, the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription ... high-affinity α chain (IL-4Rα) and a second chain that can be either the common γ chain or the α chain of the IL-13 receptor (IL-13Rα) [23] The common γ chain is found in multiple cytokine receptors...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... material and virion proteins, which include gag proteins that comprise the matrix and nucleocapsid, the latter containing significant quantities of Vpr 2) Vpr promotes the binding of the PIC (including ... Later, Kamata and others found that Vpr aH1 and aH3 both bind importin-a, that the IBB domain of importin-a primarily determines this interaction, and that the C-terminal domain of importin-a, 393-462, ... from the cell, promoting further infection and pathogenesis non-dividing cells, as discussed in more detail later in this review The role of Vpr in the nuclear import of the PIC is illustrated in...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:20

... the academic year in which the group enters the profession Assuming that all individuals making up an entry cohort are the same age in year c, the variable a equals the age of the cohort in the ... accumulation vehicles, the individual participant bears the responsibility of determining the assets in which the funds are invested and bears any uncertainty about the rate of return that will ... outperformed the same investment in bonds, even had the investor cashed out the stock portfolio at the depth of the Great Depression If the investor had held off until 1935, the twenty-five-year stock investment...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:20

... conditions by facilitating cell proliferation and blocking apoptosis in the pathogenesis of RA Results GM-CSF induces the proliferation of MH7A cells and the expression of MLN51 Our recent study ... GM-CSF is involved in the proliferation of primary RA FLSs [7] In the present study, we investigated cell proliferation and MLN51 expression using an RA FLS cell line, MH7A, in the presence of GM-CSF ... upregulated in the FLSs of RA patients, and is enhanced days after GM-CSF treatment [7] In the present experiments, we assessed the dose and time kinetics of the effects of GM-CSF on MLN51 expression in...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... living arrangement choice, including the process of institutionalization, conditional on not being institutionalized at the time of the first interview In the longitudinal analysis, we distinguish ... involve the preferences and financial status of other family members Two of the authors have already made significant headway broadening the definition of the decision-making unit.’ Their work and the ... remarkable is the decreasing but still very high proportion of the elderly living independently in spite of the very old age of most of the elderly in the sample Approximately one out of every six...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 16:20

... achieve the national goals in reducing health risk behaviors To meet these goals, the Merck Institute of Aging & Health and the National Academy on an Aging Society, the policy institute of The Gerontological ... needs and the knowledge of health professionals who care for them Executive Summary The mission of the Merck Institute of Aging & Health is to improve the health, independence and quality of life ... Statistics, Trends in Health and Aging Database Causes of Death In the 1980s and 1990s, the death rates for two of the three leading killers of older Americans—heart disease and stroke—declined by approximately...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 20:20

... Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without ... permission Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without ... permission Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 02:21

... expression and the clinical stage of GCTs at presentation To determine the status of pY-Flt-1 and pY-FAK in GCT samples, the staining intensity of each specimen was scored as follows: (weak staining; ... Immunolocalization of VEGF, Flt-1 and Flk-1 in GCT samples We initially analyzed the expression profiles of VEGF and the VEGF receptors in GCT specimens TRAP Page of staining demonstrated the presence of bone-resorbing ... correlates with the clinical stage at presentation defined by Enneking’s surgical staging system [10], suggesting that the production of VEGF by tumor cells and the induction of Figure Effect of GCT-CM...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... expression and the clinical stage of GCTs at presentation To determine the status of pY-Flt-1 and pY-FAK in GCT samples, the staining intensity of each specimen was scored as follows: (weak staining; ... Immunolocalization of VEGF, Flt-1 and Flk-1 in GCT samples We initially analyzed the expression profiles of VEGF and the VEGF receptors in GCT specimens TRAP Page of staining demonstrated the presence of bone-resorbing ... correlates with the clinical stage at presentation defined by Enneking’s surgical staging system [10], suggesting that the production of VEGF by tumor cells and the induction of Figure Effect of GCT-CM...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... increase in FGF and ERK pathways was closely associated with the severity of the disease and endoscopic findings in the EoE patients; further patients will help determine if FGF and other immune indicators ... epithelial and mesenchymal tissue [20] bFGF increases the half-life of cells and could possibly increase the overall lifetime of the eosinophil in the esophagus [17] Our data showing that the ... the pathogenesis of EoE by enhancing activation of eosinophils through synergy with eotaxin via the ERK signaling pathway The data may be used in the possible diagnosis and prognosis of EoE In...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 21:20

... ubiquitinated Thus, degradation of HIF-1α in the proteasome is inhibited and HIF-1α protein accumulates Binding of HIF-1 to HIF binding sites, formation of the transcriptional complex and regulation ... [19] Together these findings suggest that HIF-1α is induced in response to hypoxia, accumulates in acute hypoxia and is removed as the activity of PHDs increases in chronic hypoxia Ginouvès and coworkers ... HIF-1α-independent pathways, for instance HIF-2α and HIF-3α However, the role played by other members of the HIF family in the pathogenesis of SSc has not yet been investigated in detail Insufficient...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... protein; matrilin-1) Matrilin-3 CILP (cartilage intermediate layer protein) Fibronectin PRELP (proline/arginine-rich and leucine-rich repeat protein) Chondroadherin Fibrillin Tenascin-C Elastin MGP (matrix ... during childhood, and OA of the knees in adulthood A complex splicing defect of exon and/ or exon 10 in the COL9A1 gene has been identified in other families [59] Consistent with these findings, ... severity of the OA disorder may be influenced by multiple environmental, hormonal, and intrinsic and extrinsic factors, with multiple genes in any given individual The identification of the genetic...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... arthritis dylarginine deiminase of involvement of hyaluronic of rheumatoid Proposed mechanism (PADI4) in the pathogenesis acid (HA) and peptidylarginine deiminase (PADI4) in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid ... antithrombin However, such binding did not stimulate the activity of antithrombin as did heparin and heparan; in fact, it blocked the ability of antithrombin to inhibit thrombin In the present study, the ... vascular endothelial growth factor diseases [6,37,38] The findings presented here should also be useful in investigating the nature of other diseases the activity of antithrombin (AT) Effects of various...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... environment in the joint (and based on previous data from the group other organs as well [14]) to a large extent determines the disease specific immune response Given the variety of signaling pathways initiated ... in RA due to controversial data on its role in the pathogenesis of disease [18] The present research on the interaction of RA-IgG and RASFs as well as other recent data, however, may change the ... release of IL-16 in RASFs, the present research from Smith and Cruikshank extends the panel of signals involved in the regulation of IL-16 at least under pathologic conditions Although the study...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... phenotype of cells within the IVDs in vivo, the cell phenotype was assessed in monolayer culture and at increasing times in alginate culture The phenotype was then compared with that of uncultured, ... increase in the gene expression of the aggrecanase ADAMTS4 in cells derived from degenerate NP In vivo, the NP contains the highest concentration of aggrecan in the IVD The response of cells ... been reported in articular cartilage in osteoarthritis [11,12] In this disease, the body of evidence points towards these being part of a more profound change in chondrocyte biosynthesis [13] driven...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... anaphylatoxin, acting through the C5aR, is a major regulator of the transcription of activating and inhibitory FcγRs in IC-induced lung disease C5a increased the expression of activating FcγRIII and decreased ... for the role of the alternative pathway [20] The complement receptor CR1 binds the C3b, iC3b and C4b fragments, CR2 binds the C3d and iC3b fragments, and CR3 binds the iC3b fragments These interactions ... at the same time and, for B cells, on the very same cell Both FcRs and complement receptors are involved in the binding of ICs and phagocytosis; they deliver signals leading to the activation and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:23

... A: Detection of nitrotyrosine in aging and osteoarthritic cartilage: Correlation of oxidative damage with the presence of interleukin-1beta and with chondrocyte resistance to insulin-like growth ... aspects of HIF-1 signaling should be also studied to further clarify the role of HIF-1 in the pathogenesis of OA References 10 11 12 13 Conclusion Taken together, our findings show for the first ... cartilage in patients with OA To clarify the role of HIF-1α in the pathogenesis of OA, we investigated whether or not hypoxia and catabolic factors (IL-1β and H2O2) affected the expression of HIF-1α,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:23

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... and monocytes, thereby increasing the inflammatory response and exacerbating degeneration Some of the proposed interactions and mechanisms are outlined in Fig The DASH family members, predominantly ... extravasate into the extracellular space Once in the vicinity of the synovium, the DPPIV activity would be able to initiate amino-terminal degradation of the increased levels of proinflammatory ... levels in SF may represent an increase in the presence of attractin Certainly, analysis of serum reveals an increase in attractin in RA patients with erosive disease, which is not observed in individuals...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... inset indicates COMP staining (f) At gw 12, COMP staining is found in the outer regions of the diaphysis and is mainly pericellular (inset) Bars = 70 µm in (f), as for (a)-(e), and 40 µm in inset ... (arrow and inset) (b) In osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage of late disease stages, staining is seen mainly in clusters (arrow and inset) (c) In situ hybridization of COMP mRNA localizes it mainly in the ... dehydrated, embedded in paraffin wax, and cut with a Reichert's microtome For the staging of the embryos, every fifth section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin Longitudinal sections of the cartilage...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20