nature composition and distribution of lignins

... (125.92%) The low values of canopy closure at the breakdown stage in 1972 and 1982 were probably caused by dying-off of large beech and maple trees and by deceleration of breakdown during the ... falling of trees of the upper layer European beech as the bearer of the structure of this natural forest just starts to dominate from the aspect of yield and function at this stage Because of the ... difference between beech and fir In the case of fir, the processes of stem growth and increment are similar to those of beech The analysis of growth relationships between crown and trunk volume in...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 10:22

... 2 Operation of ECD-V3 Pump 2-1 Fuel Suction and Injection The mechanism for the suction and pumping /distribution of the fuel is basically the same as for the ... chamber of the injection pump with the pressure chamber, is a type of solenoid valve that turns ON/OFF (opens and closes) in accordance with the signals from the engine ECU When the coil of the ... reducing its pressure and ending the injection of fuel Solenoid Spill Valve (open) Suction Port (closed) Suction Port : closed Distribution Port : open Solenoid Spill Valve: open Distribution Port...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2012, 09:09

... (18% of the total land area) if we assume that at least 50% of the area currently classified as ice (Greenland and Antarctica) and tundra would become wetland and the current wetland area of 12.8 ... change because of the resistance of pollens and spores to decay, and their ubiquity and abundance (Traverse 2008) Wetlands are excellent sources of pollen and spores and like macrofossils, palynomorph ... study of wetland fossils and deposits to understand the potential effects of future climate change on wetlands We review the methods and assumptions associated with the use of plant macro- and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 20:20

... up of thousands of intricately interdependent firms and, by the same token, of the independent segment of the industry as a substantial locus in its own right of innovation, skilled work, and ... be represented in terms of the size of its component units and the standardization (or variability) of their outputs This idea is codified in Fig 1, where scale and standardization represent orthogonal ... tier Second of all, some independent production companies work partially in the one tier and partially in the other, and others move erratically in and out of the sphere of operation of the Hollywood...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... hypothesize that concentrations of trace elements will increase and stratify in those soils However, as a consequence of the recent introduction of zero tillage and the lack of fertilization history, ... Cd, Cr, Hg, Mo and Se Cobalt, Fe and Mn showed higher concentrations on top soil under CT, with slightly higher pH values and lower OM and Al Only the higher contents of Co, Pb and Zn in top soil ... tillage and fertilization With this limitation, our objective was to study the effects of two extreme tillage systems Žconventional and zero-tillage and phosphorus fertilization on concentration and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:22

... of the tail of injected shrimps (Fig 9D and E) Confrontation of haemocytes and bacteria The recruitment of penaeidin-positive haemocytes around the site of injection confirmed the importance of ... site of microbial injection precluded both clarification of the mechanisms of penaeidin release from haemocytes, and determination of any potential involvement of penaeidin in the elimination of ... slides per shrimp and each value represents the average of four shrimps Histograms refer to the percentage of haemocytes exhibiting more than 50 of AU (black bars) and the percentage of haemocytes...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 01:20

... of variables: (1) age of household head, (2) age and sex of household head, (3) size of household, (4) number of adults and children in the household, and (5) age of household head and size of ... ProFamy Standard schedules The basic structure of the demographic accounting equation in ProFamy is as follows: number of persons of age x+1 with status i at time t+1 = (number of persons of ... Similarly, the number of births of parity and by single and cohabiting women, and of parity by divorced women are very small and we neglect these births for our projections The following standard schedules...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20

... the structure, composition or diversity of primary and logged forests The lack of knowledge regarding these quantitative characteristics of both primary and logged forests is one of the major problems ... genera and 13 families were identified Of the overall number of tree species, 21 were present on both the primary and logged forest sites: species of seedlings, 19 species of saplings, 15 species of ... Manokaran N (2003): Effect of selective logging on canopy and stand structure and tree species composition in a lowland dipterocarp forest in peninsular Malaysia Forest Ecology and Management, 175:...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 03:22

... the case of “Telc” it was the height and thickness of the root collar of sample regenerated individuals selected from within the fencing and outside of it The basic spatial statistic of the point ... (Figs. 2 and 3) and the depiction of the relationship between the variables “distance” and “individuals” (Figs and 8) we can get the first impression of regeneration dispersal In the “Telc” and “Ansprung” ... (2004) and Irmscher (2009) reported densities in the range of hundreds of individuals per hectare, Petermann (2000) reported a density in the range of hundreds of thousands in fenced groups of regenerated...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 10:21

... forests Journal of Ecology, 84: 167–176 Hendricks C.M.A., Bianchi F.J.J.A., 1995 Root density and root biomass in pure and mixed forest stands of Douglas-fir and Beech Netherlands Journal of Agricultural ... function of water and minerals supply The ratio between the fine root length and the number of root tips is an indicator of the intensity of the fine root forking A direct comparison of root tip ... at the temperature of 60°C and weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg The values of root length and number of root tips were determined using the software WinRhizo 2004a™ The biomass of vital fine roots...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 10:22

... concentration of ellagitannins at age a and oh T where a = This gives an estimate for b of -0.0219 with a standard error of 0.0007 and an R of 0.988 Therefore, if one knows the level of tannins ... Limousin region of France From each of these clear felled sites 20 randomly selected trees, of suitable quality for cooperage, were chosen During the splitting of logs and cutting of bolts, two ... samples of vescalagin, castalagin, grandinin and roburin A (kindly provided by Dr Scalbert, INRA, Paris) allowed confirmation of their identification and were used for calibration son Measurement of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... 5, Issue 4, Article 318 Eichler and Frazer One of the highlights of the meeting was the analysis by Peter Donnelly (University of Oxford, UK) of the landscape of finescale recombination He presented ... methods of genotyping Based on an analysis of a large number of individuals (around 1,000) for genetic variation and plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the importance of well-characterized ... boundaries of some, but not all, haplotype blocks is increased recombination frequency One of the anticipated uses of SNPs and information about haplotype block structure is to improve the power of association...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... ranking of IGR length between chicken and human, and another for its fold change between mouse and human Comparison of fold changes of all-maternal one-to-one orthologs versus the set of all one-to-one ... strict-zygotic, P < 10-4 and P < 10-3; the genome-wide set of all core and metazoan genes, P < 10-21 and P < 10-72) Similarity in regulatory architecture of maternal and zygotic genes across ... transcript origin of synthesis (a) Genetic manipulation of D melanogaster enables quantification of the maternal and zygotic components of mRNA abundance, allowing analysis of five gene classes...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... Ribosomal and transfer RNA processing, initiation of decay of non-coding and mRNAs, turnover of messenger, non-coding and stable RNA decay intermediates Ribosomal and transfer RNA processing and mRNA ... J1/J2 and RNase Y, interacting with PNPase, phosphofructokinase and enolase [13] Further characterization of these complexes and elucidation of their specific roles in mRNA decay in B subtilis and ... of PNPase and RNase II, it seems reasonable that one of the key ancillary enzymes, PAPI, which assists PNPase and RNase II in the degradation of structured RNAs, is likewise present in most of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... RNA and cDNA, LJY and BL prepared the PBMCs and collected the clinical data YHL, SXG and XD were responsible of the patient’s treatment and carried out acquisition of clinical data YQL, HTZ and ... B56g1, B56g5, and B56g6 respectively) (Table Figure 4) According the structure of transcript variants of PPP2R5C gene and the size of the amplicons, we confirmed the B56g1, B56g5, and B56g6 variants ... and distribution of PPP2R5C In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of the expression level of the PPP2R5C gene as well as the distribution of PPP2R5C transcript...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 21:23

... most of the representatives for each of the six internal genes The distribution of the main lineages of human (S1.3, S2.3, S3.3, S4.3, S5.3 and S6.3), swine (S1.4, S2.4, S3.4, S4.4, S5.4 and S6.4) ... majority of the viruses from the first genotype were H1N1 and H1N2 subtypes of swine viruses The majority of the viruses from the second and third genotypes were H3N2, H1N2 and H1N1 subtypes of swine ... system of the lineages and sublineages Classification and designation of the lineages and sublineages within type A influenza virus are essential for the studies of the viral evolution, ecology and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... most of the representatives for each of the six internal genes The distribution of the main lineages of human (S1.3, S2.3, S3.3, S4.3, S5.3 and S6.3), swine (S1.4, S2.4, S3.4, S4.4, S5.4 and S6.4) ... majority of the viruses from the first genotype were H1N1 and H1N2 subtypes of swine viruses The majority of the viruses from the second and third genotypes were H3N2, H1N2 and H1N1 subtypes of swine ... system of the lineages and sublineages Classification and designation of the lineages and sublineages within type A influenza virus are essential for the studies of the viral evolution, ecology and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... Studies on the type and distribution of receptors in different tissues of domestic poultry are still incomplete In this study, we examined the presence and type of a2,3SA-gal and a2,6SA-gal receptors ... Birds and tissues analyzed Page of observed by visual examination of different fields of the tissue from at least birds of each species of specific age as observed under 200× magnification of light ... Table The distribution and intensity of a2,6SA-gal (stained by MAA) and a2,3SA-gal (stained by SNA) receptors on different tissues of 1-day-old, 2-4-week old and adult layer chickens, ducks and turkeys...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:21

... Figure and F6 the Lolium perenne genotypes NV#20F1-30, for EST-SSRs Distribution of different repeat type classes NV#20F1-39, of Distribution of different repeat type classes for EST-SSRs of the ... EST-SSRs but only in 1.4% and 1.2% of the respective EST-SSRs in the genotypes NV#20F1-30 and NV#20F1-39 In silico analysis of allelic and genotypic SSR motif polymorphisms A total of 521 contigs containing ... NV#20F1-30, NV#20F1-39, and F6, and for the combined dataset NV#20F1-30 Total number of sequences examined: Total size of examined sequences (bp): Total number of identified SSRs: Number of SSR containing...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... accuracy of these methods when the number of QTL and the distribution of QTL variance varies is unknown Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of number of QTL and distribution ... different number of QTL and distribution of QTL variance Page of 11 system with a dual core Intel 2.33 Ghz processor and a Fedora Core 10 operating system Scenario Number of QTL Distribution of QTL variance ... of distribution Combining the results of Goddard [5] and of this comparison, it can be stated that using a correct kind of distribution as prior of QTL effects can be important for accuracy of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21