... school year. Bruce A. Fuchs, Ph.D. Director Office of Science Education National InstitutesofHealth 1 The National Academy of Sciences released the National Science Education Standards in December ... You may also send your suggestions to Curriculum Supplement Series Office of Science Education National InstitutesofHealth 6100 Executive Boulevard, Suite 5H01 Bethesda, MD 20892 I hope ... discoveries being made at the National Institutes ofHealth (NIH) and their effects on pub lic health. This set is being distributed to teachers around the country free of charge by the NIH to improve...
... other studies of the prevalence of health conditions among Hispanic children.3,4,5Prevalence of Children with Special Health Care NeedsThe National Survey of Children with Special Health Care ... 37 percent of CSHCN in povertyreceive services compared to 22 percent of children with familyincomes of 400 percent of poverty or more. Health Insurance CoverageThe National Survey of Children ... percent of CSHCN received care that lacked one or more of the essential components of family-centered care.Among the general population of CSHCN, the most commonlylacking component of family-centered...
... thepopulation.Thenumberofwomensherepresentsinthepopulationiscalledher‘‘samplingweight.’’Samplingweightsmayvaryconsiderablyfromthisaveragevaluedependingontherespondent’srace,theresponserateforsimilarwomen,andotherfactors.Aswithanysamplesurvey,theestimatesinthisreportaresubjecttosamplingvariability.SignificancetestsonNSFGdatashouldbedonetakingthesamplingdesignintoaccount.Nonsamplingerrorswereminimizedbystringentquality-controlproceduresthatincludedthoroughinterviewertraining,checkingtheconsistencyofanswersduringandaftertheinterview,imputingmissingdata,andadjustingthesamplingweightsfornonresponseandundercoveragetomatchnationaltotals.Estimatesofsamplingerrorsandotherstatisticalaspectsofthesurveyaredescribedinmoredetailinanotherseparatereport(13).Thisreportshowsfindingsbycharacteristicsofthewomaninterviewed,includingherage,maritalstatus,education,parity,householdincomedividedbythepovertylevel,andraceandHispanicorigin.IthasbeenshownthatblackandHispanicwomenhavemarkedlylowerlevelsofincome,education,andaccesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance,thanwhitewomen(14).Theseandotherfactors,ratherthanraceororiginperse,probablyaccountfordifferencesinthebehaviorsandoutcomesstudiedinthisreportamongwhite,black,andHispanicwomen(15).TableBshowsafactorthatshouldbeconsideredininterpretingtrendsinpregnancy-relatedbehaviorintheUnitedStates:thechangingagecompositionofthereproductive-agepopulation.In1982,therewere54.1millionwomenofreproductiveageintheUnitedStates;in1988,57.9million;andin1995,60.2million(16).Thelargebabyboomcohort,bornbetween1946and1964,was18–34yearsofagein1982,24–42yearsofagein1988,and31–49yearsofagein1995.Theselargebirthcohortswerepreceded(upto1945)andfollowed(1965–80)bysmallercohorts.Whiletheoverallnumberofwomen15–44yearsofageroseby6million,or11percentbetween1982and1995,thenumberofteenagewomendroppedbyabout6percent,thenumberofwomen20–24yearsofagedroppedby15percent,andthenumberofwomen25–29droppedby6percent(tableB).Incontrast,thenumberofwomen30–44yearsofageincreasedsharply—forexample,thenumberofwomen40–44yearsofageincreasedby59percentbetween1982and1995.Also,women30–44yearsofageaccountedfor54percentofwomen15–44yearsofagein1995comparedwith44percentin1982.Thesedifferencesinagecompositionmayberelevantwhenevertimetrendsamongwomen15–44yearsofagearebeingdiscussed.Publicusefilesbasedonthe1995NSFGareavailableoncomputertape.TheywillalsobeavailableonCompactDiscRead-OnlyMemory(CD-ROM).QuestionsaboutthecostandavailabilityofthecomputertapesshouldbedirectedtotheNationalTechnicalInformationService(NTIS),5285PortRoyalRoad,Springfield,VA22161,703–487-4650,or1–800-553-NTIS.QuestionsregardingtheCD-ROMfilesshouldbedirectedtoNCHS’DataDisseminationBranchat301–436-8500.ResultsTables1–17containmeasuresofpregnancyandbirthintheUnitedStates.ChildrenEverBornandTotalBirthsExpectedIn1995,women15–44yearsofageintheUnitedStateshadhadanaverageof1.2birthsperwoman(table1).Thiscompareswith1.2in1988and1.3in1982(17).In1995,women15–44yearsofageexpectedtofinishtheirchildbearingwithanaverageof2.2childrenperwoman(table1)comparedwith2.2in1988and2.4in1982(17).Theproportionwhoreportthattheyhaveneverbeenpregnantwasmarkedlyhigherforcollegegraduatesthanforthosewhodidnotcompletehighschool(table3).Thissamepatternbyeducationisalsoseenwhendataforlivebirthsareexamined(tables4–5):about49percentofwomen22–44yearsofagewhohadgraduatedfromcollegehadhadnolivebirthsasofthedateofinterviewcomparedwithjust8percentofwomen22–44yearsofagewithoutahighschooldiploma(table4).WithinraceandHispanicorigingroups,thepatternwasthesame:collegegraduateshadmarkedlyhigherpercentschildlessthanwomenwithlesseducation(table5).Table6showsacomparisonbetweenlivebirthsreportedintheNSFGandlivebirthsregisteredonbirthcertificatesintheyears1991–94.Ineachindividualcalendaryearandforthesumoftheyears1991–94,theNSFGestimateofthenumberofbirthsisveryclosetothebirthcertificatetotalanddiffersfromitbylessthantheNSFG’ssamplingerror.TheNSFGestimateisalsoverycloseforwhitewomen.TheNSFGestimateforblackwomenisslightlylower,andtheestimateforotherracessomewhathigherthanthebirthcertificatedata.Adiscussionofthisdifferenceisgiveninthedefinitionof‘‘RaceandHispanicorigin’’inthe‘‘DefinitionsofTerms.’’Overall,andbycharacteristicsotherthanrace,however,table6showsthatTableB.Numberofwomen,byage:UnitedStates,1982,1988,and1995Age¬ ... thepopulation.Thenumberofwomensherepresentsinthepopulationiscalledher‘‘samplingweight.’’Samplingweightsmayvaryconsiderablyfromthisaveragevaluedependingontherespondent’srace,theresponserateforsimilarwomen,andotherfactors.Aswithanysamplesurvey,theestimatesinthisreportaresubjecttosamplingvariability.SignificancetestsonNSFGdatashouldbedonetakingthesamplingdesignintoaccount.Nonsamplingerrorswereminimizedbystringentquality-controlproceduresthatincludedthoroughinterviewertraining,checkingtheconsistencyofanswersduringandaftertheinterview,imputingmissingdata,andadjustingthesamplingweightsfornonresponseandundercoveragetomatchnationaltotals.Estimatesofsamplingerrorsandotherstatisticalaspectsofthesurveyaredescribedinmoredetailinanotherseparatereport(13).Thisreportshowsfindingsbycharacteristicsofthewomaninterviewed,includingherage,maritalstatus,education,parity,householdincomedividedbythepovertylevel,andraceandHispanicorigin.IthasbeenshownthatblackandHispanicwomenhavemarkedlylowerlevelsofincome,education,andaccesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance,thanwhitewomen(14).Theseandotherfactors,ratherthanraceororiginperse,probablyaccountfordifferencesinthebehaviorsandoutcomesstudiedinthisreportamongwhite,black,andHispanicwomen(15).TableBshowsafactorthatshouldbeconsideredininterpretingtrendsinpregnancy-relatedbehaviorintheUnitedStates:thechangingagecompositionofthereproductive-agepopulation.In1982,therewere54.1millionwomenofreproductiveageintheUnitedStates;in1988,57.9million;andin1995,60.2million(16).Thelargebabyboomcohort,bornbetween1946and1964,was18–34yearsofagein1982,24–42yearsofagein1988,and31–49yearsofagein1995.Theselargebirthcohortswerepreceded(upto1945)andfollowed(1965–80)bysmallercohorts.Whiletheoverallnumberofwomen15–44yearsofageroseby6million,or11percentbetween1982and1995,thenumberofteenagewomendroppedbyabout6percent,thenumberofwomen20–24yearsofagedroppedby15percent,andthenumberofwomen25–29droppedby6percent(tableB).Incontrast,thenumberofwomen30–44yearsofageincreasedsharply—forexample,thenumberofwomen40–44yearsofageincreasedby59percentbetween1982and1995.Also,women30–44yearsofageaccountedfor54percentofwomen15–44yearsofagein1995comparedwith44percentin1982.Thesedifferencesinagecompositionmayberelevantwhenevertimetrendsamongwomen15–44yearsofagearebeingdiscussed.Publicusefilesbasedonthe1995NSFGareavailableoncomputertape.TheywillalsobeavailableonCompactDiscRead-OnlyMemory(CD-ROM).QuestionsaboutthecostandavailabilityofthecomputertapesshouldbedirectedtotheNationalTechnicalInformationService(NTIS),5285PortRoyalRoad,Springfield,VA22161,703–487-4650,or1–800-553-NTIS.QuestionsregardingtheCD-ROMfilesshouldbedirectedtoNCHS’DataDisseminationBranchat301–436-8500.ResultsTables1–17containmeasuresofpregnancyandbirthintheUnitedStates.ChildrenEverBornandTotalBirthsExpectedIn1995,women15–44yearsofageintheUnitedStateshadhadanaverageof1.2birthsperwoman(table1).Thiscompareswith1.2in1988and1.3in1982(17).In1995,women15–44yearsofageexpectedtofinishtheirchildbearingwithanaverageof2.2childrenperwoman(table1)comparedwith2.2in1988and2.4in1982(17).Theproportionwhoreportthattheyhaveneverbeenpregnantwasmarkedlyhigherforcollegegraduatesthanforthosewhodidnotcompletehighschool(table3).Thissamepatternbyeducationisalsoseenwhendataforlivebirthsareexamined(tables4–5):about49percentofwomen22–44yearsofagewhohadgraduatedfromcollegehadhadnolivebirthsasofthedateofinterviewcomparedwithjust8percentofwomen22–44yearsofagewithoutahighschooldiploma(table4).WithinraceandHispanicorigingroups,thepatternwasthesame:collegegraduateshadmarkedlyhigherpercentschildlessthanwomenwithlesseducation(table5).Table6showsacomparisonbetweenlivebirthsreportedintheNSFGandlivebirthsregisteredonbirthcertificatesintheyears1991–94.Ineachindividualcalendaryearandforthesumoftheyears1991–94,theNSFGestimateofthenumberofbirthsisveryclosetothebirthcertificatetotalanddiffersfromitbylessthantheNSFG’ssamplingerror.TheNSFGestimateisalsoverycloseforwhitewomen.TheNSFGestimateforblackwomenisslightlylower,andtheestimateforotherracessomewhathigherthanthebirthcertificatedata.Adiscussionofthisdifferenceisgiveninthedefinitionof‘‘RaceandHispanicorigin’’inthe‘‘DefinitionsofTerms.’’Overall,andbycharacteristicsotherthanrace,however,table6showsthatTableB.Numberofwomen,byage:UnitedStates,1982,1988,and1995Age¬ ... 1995 National Survey of Family Growth.Vital Health Stat Series 2 (inpreparation).14. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Statisticalabstract of the United States, 1996.Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce....
... and women’s health outcomes: Contextual data. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 23(23). 2003. statistics; no 238. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. ... reproductive health of U.S. women 15–44 years of age, based on Cycle 6 of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), conducted in 2002. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National ... DC: National Academy Press. 1995. population aged 15–44: Results of the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Advance data from vital and health statistics. Hyattsville, MD: National Center...
... OrganizationNHMIS NationalHealth Management Information SystemNPHCDA National Primary Health Care Development AgencyNPI National Programme on ImmunizationNMCP National Malaria Control ProgrammeNMEF National ... Department of Public Health D(PHC) Department of Primary Health CareENHANSEUSAID Implementing PartnerFANC Focused Ante-Natal CareFBO Faith Based OrganizationFMOH Federal Ministry of Health GDP ... defined in the National Malaria Strategic Plan will require a growth and strengthening of the capacity of programme management systems at all levels of the health system. The role of the NMCP...
... Clinical investigation of medicinal products in the pediatric population54 Ministry ofHealth Canada 7 2008 The Royal Australasian College of Physicians’ Paediatric policy on ethics of ... for children in clinical investigation of FDA-regulated products13 FDA US 22 2004 Textbook ofclinical trials, chapter: clinical trials in pediatrics8 Karlberg UK Survey of current guidance ... monitor the level of risk of a study and to give advice about early stopping ofclinical trials.23;51 Practical issues Only three guidelines addressed practical issues ofclinical trials...
... years of schooling, yet 71% of females and73% of males aged 15–19 had completed no more thanseven. Only 23% of females and 22% of males aged15–19 had attended secondary school at the time of ... Reproductive Health in Malawi14not withstanding, as a national survey on aspects of sexual and reproductive health, the 2004 MNSA pro-vides detailed information on sexual and reproductive health of ... than 90% of the respondents reported havingheard about HIV/AIDS. Adolescents were aware of ways of reducing HIV transmission with 88% of fe-males and 91% of males citing abstinence, 68% of fe-males...
... WebsitesAmericanHospitalAssociationRural Health Carehttp://www.aha.org/advocacy-issues/ruralCriticalAccessHospitals Center http://www.cms.gov /Center/ Provider-Type/Critical-Access-Hospitals -Center. htmlDisproportionateShareHospitalhttp://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/AcuteInpatientPPS/dsh.htmlFederallyQualied Health Centers Center http://www.cms.gov /Center/ Provider-Type/Federally-Qualied -Health- Centers-FQHC -Center. html Health ResourcesandServicesAdministrationhttp://www.hrsa.govHospital Center http://www.cms.gov /Center/ Provider-Type/Hospital- Center. htmlMedicareLearningNetwork®http://go.cms.gov/MLNGenInfo National Association of Community Health Centershttp://www.nachc.org National Association of Rural Health Clinicshttp://www.narhc.org National Rural Health Associationhttp://www.ruralhealthweb.orgPhysicianBonuseshttp://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/HPSAPSAPhysicianBonusesRuralAssistance Center http://www.raconline.orgRural Health Clinics Center http://www.cms.gov /Center/ Provider-Type/Rural -Health- Clinics -Center. htmlSwingBedProvidershttp://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/SNFPPS/SwingBed.htmlTelehealthhttp://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-General-Information/TelehealthU.S.CensusBureauhttp://www.census.govRegional ... ResourceFederally Qualied Health Centershttp://www.cms.gov /Center/ Provider-Type/Federally-Qualied -Health- Centers-FQHC -Center. html on the CMS websiteChapter 13 of the “Medicare Benet Policy ... WebsitesAmericanHospitalAssociationRural Health Carehttp://www.aha.org/advocacy-issues/ruralCriticalAccessHospitals Center http://www.cms.gov /Center/ Provider-Type/Critical-Access-Hospitals -Center. htmlDisproportionateShareHospitalhttp://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/AcuteInpatientPPS/dsh.htmlFederallyQualied Health Centers Center http://www.cms.gov /Center/ Provider-Type/Federally-Qualied -Health- Centers-FQHC -Center. html Health ResourcesandServicesAdministrationhttp://www.hrsa.govHospital Center http://www.cms.gov /Center/ Provider-Type/Hospital- Center. htmlMedicareLearningNetwork®http://go.cms.gov/MLNGenInfo National Association of Community Health Centershttp://www.nachc.org National Association of Rural Health Clinicshttp://www.narhc.org National Rural Health Associationhttp://www.ruralhealthweb.orgPhysicianBonuseshttp://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/HPSAPSAPhysicianBonusesRuralAssistance Center http://www.raconline.orgRural Health Clinics Center http://www.cms.gov /Center/ Provider-Type/Rural -Health- Clinics -Center. htmlSwingBedProvidershttp://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/SNFPPS/SwingBed.htmlTelehealthhttp://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-General-Information/TelehealthU.S.CensusBureauhttp://www.census.govRegional...
... help people with depression. 19Women and Depression U.S. DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES National InstitutesofHealth NIH Publication No. 09 4779 Revised 2009 How does depression ... • Mental health specialists, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, or mental health counselors. Health maintenance organizations (HMOs). Community mental health centers. Hospital ... encourage you to reproduce it and use it in your efforts to improve public health. Citation of the National Institute of Mental Health as a source is ap-preciated. However, using government materials...
... degree of accuracy. The use of genetic fingerprinting hasincreased our understanding of the epidemiology of TB transmission, rates of laboratory contamina-tion (see below) and the role of reinfection ... York City Department of Health and Mental HygieneNYPHL New York City Bureau of Public Health LaboratoriesPCR polymerase chain reactionPHA public health advisorPHI protected health informationPIs ... component of TB control; itis the ongoing collection, analysis, interpretationand dissemination ofhealth data essential to thedevelopment and evaluation of public health programs. The objectives of...
... supervision of, delegation of authority to, support for, training of, or participation in a private group practice with, a member or members of a particular class ofhealth care practitioner or professional; ... a representative of consumers on its governing body. Secretary means the Secretary of Health and Human Services and any other officer or employee of the Department ofHealth and Human Services ... with section 7 of the Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. 552a note), (v) Date of birth, (vi) Name of each professional school attended and year of graduation, (vii) For each professional license:...
... statistics. As of 2009, Series 3 also includes studies based on surveys that are not part of continuing data systems of the NationalCenter for Health Statistics and international vital and health ... Surveys—This type of report contains statistics on health and health- related topics collected in special surveys that are not part of the continuing data systems of the NationalCenter for Health Statistics. ... the National Surv e y of Children’ s Health, 2007 Data Evaluation and Methods Research U.S. DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center...
... l Children’s Oral Health in the Health Home l MAY 2011About the National Maternal and Child Oral Health Policy Center The National Maternal and Child Oral Health Policy Center was created ... oral health and preventing dental caries can advance health homes using a variety of strategies, many of which are outlined below.36 The National Maternal and Child Oral Health Policy Center ... development of Accountable Care Organizations.TRENDNOTES National Maternal and Child Oral Health Policy Center 7 l Children’s Oral Health in the Health Home l MAY 2011As a result of these...
... Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’’; (7) in the heading of subpart 7 of part C of title IV (42 U.S.C. 285g et seq.), by striking the term ‘ National Institute of ... ‘‘Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’’; (4) in section 409D(c)(1) (42 U.S.C. 284h(c)(1)), by striking ‘ National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’’ ... Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’’; (5) in section 424(c)(3)(B)(vi) (42 U.S.C. 285b–7(c)(3)(B)(vi)), by striking ‘ National Institute of Child Health and...
... females (33% of females, compared with16% of males), distantly followed by fathers (13% of females and 12% of males). As indicated in Chart 3.5,two out of three females and four out of five males ... collection of the National Survey of Adolescents, which providesdata on 12–19-year-olds in Ghana. This nationally rep-resentative household survey on the sexual and repro-ductive healthof adolescents ... In-stitute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research of the University of Ghana, Legon, in collaboration withORC Macro, the Department of Geography andTourism of the University of Cape Coast...