... school year. Bruce A. Fuchs, Ph.D. Director Office of Science Education National InstitutesofHealth 1 The National Academy of Sciences released the National Science Education Standards in December ... You may also send your suggestions to Curriculum Supplement Series Office of Science Education National InstitutesofHealth 6100 Executive Boulevard, Suite 5H01 Bethesda, MD 20892 I hope ... discoveries being made at the National Institutes ofHealth (NIH) and their effects on pub lic health. This set is being distributed to teachers around the country free of charge by the NIH to improve...
... other studies of the prevalence of health conditions among Hispanic children.3,4,5Prevalence of Children with Special Health Care NeedsThe National Survey of Children with Special Health Care ... 37 percent of CSHCN in povertyreceive services compared to 22 percent of children with familyincomes of 400 percent of poverty or more. Health Insurance CoverageThe National Survey of Children ... percent of CSHCN received care that lacked one or more of the essential components of family-centered care.Among the general population of CSHCN, the most commonlylacking component of family-centered...
... thepopulation.Thenumberofwomensherepresentsinthepopulationiscalledhersamplingweight.Samplingweightsmayvaryconsiderablyfromthisaveragevaluedependingontherespondentsrace,theresponserateforsimilarwomen,andotherfactors.Aswithanysamplesurvey,theestimatesinthisreportaresubjecttosamplingvariability.SignicancetestsonNSFGdatashouldbedonetakingthesamplingdesignintoaccount.Nonsamplingerrorswereminimizedbystringentquality-controlproceduresthatincludedthoroughinterviewertraining,checkingtheconsistencyofanswersduringandaftertheinterview,imputingmissingdata,andadjustingthesamplingweightsfornonresponseandundercoveragetomatchnationaltotals.Estimatesofsamplingerrorsandotherstatisticalaspectsofthesurveyaredescribedinmoredetailinanotherseparatereport(13).Thisreportshowsndingsbycharacteristicsofthewomaninterviewed,includingherage,maritalstatus,education,parity,householdincomedividedbythepovertylevel,andraceandHispanicorigin.IthasbeenshownthatblackandHispanicwomenhavemarkedlylowerlevelsofincome,education,andaccesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance,thanwhitewomen(14).Theseandotherfactors,ratherthanraceororiginperse,probablyaccountfordifferencesinthebehaviorsandoutcomesstudiedinthisreportamongwhite,black,andHispanicwomen(15).TableBshowsafactorthatshouldbeconsideredininterpretingtrendsinpregnancy-relatedbehaviorintheUnitedStates:thechangingagecompositionofthereproductive-agepopulation.In1982,therewere54.1millionwomenofreproductiveageintheUnitedStates;in1988,57.9million;andin1995,60.2million(16).Thelargebabyboomcohort,bornbetween1946and1964,was1834yearsofagein1982,2442yearsofagein1988,and3149yearsofagein1995.Theselargebirthcohortswerepreceded(upto1945)andfollowed(196580)bysmallercohorts.Whiletheoverallnumberofwomen1544yearsofageroseby6million,or11percentbetween1982and1995,thenumberofteenagewomendroppedbyabout6percent,thenumberofwomen2024yearsofagedroppedby15percent,andthenumberofwomen2529droppedby6percent(tableB).Incontrast,thenumberofwomen3044yearsofageincreasedsharplyforexample,thenumberofwomen4044yearsofageincreasedby59percentbetween1982and1995.Also,women3044yearsofageaccountedfor54percentofwomen1544yearsofagein1995comparedwith44percentin1982.Thesedifferencesinagecompositionmayberelevantwhenevertimetrendsamongwomen1544yearsofagearebeingdiscussed.Publicuselesbasedonthe1995NSFGareavailableoncomputertape.TheywillalsobeavailableonCompactDiscRead-OnlyMemory(CD-ROM).QuestionsaboutthecostandavailabilityofthecomputertapesshouldbedirectedtotheNationalTechnicalInformationService(NTIS),5285PortRoyalRoad,Springeld,VA22161,703487-4650,or1800-553-NTIS.QuestionsregardingtheCD-ROMlesshouldbedirectedtoNCHSDataDisseminationBranchat301436-8500.ResultsTables117containmeasuresofpregnancyandbirthintheUnitedStates.ChildrenEverBornandTotalBirthsExpectedIn1995,women1544yearsofageintheUnitedStateshadhadanaverageof1.2birthsperwoman(table1).Thiscompareswith1.2in1988and1.3in1982(17).In1995,women1544yearsofageexpectedtonishtheirchildbearingwithanaverageof2.2childrenperwoman(table1)comparedwith2.2in1988and2.4in1982(17).Theproportionwhoreportthattheyhaveneverbeenpregnantwasmarkedlyhigherforcollegegraduatesthanforthosewhodidnotcompletehighschool(table3).Thissamepatternbyeducationisalsoseenwhendataforlivebirthsareexamined(tables45):about49percentofwomen2244yearsofagewhohadgraduatedfromcollegehadhadnolivebirthsasofthedateofinterviewcomparedwithjust8percentofwomen2244yearsofagewithoutahighschooldiploma(table4).WithinraceandHispanicorigingroups,thepatternwasthesame:collegegraduateshadmarkedlyhigherpercentschildlessthanwomenwithlesseducation(table5).Table6showsacomparisonbetweenlivebirthsreportedintheNSFGandlivebirthsregisteredonbirthcerticatesintheyears199194.Ineachindividualcalendaryearandforthesumoftheyears199194,theNSFGestimateofthenumberofbirthsisveryclosetothebirthcerticatetotalanddiffersfromitbylessthantheNSFGssamplingerror.TheNSFGestimateisalsoverycloseforwhitewomen.TheNSFGestimateforblackwomenisslightlylower,andtheestimateforotherracessomewhathigherthanthebirthcerticatedata.AdiscussionofthisdifferenceisgiveninthedenitionofRaceandHispanicoriginintheDenitionsofTerms.Overall,andbycharacteristicsotherthanrace,however,table6showsthatTableB.Numberofwomen,byage:UnitedStates,1982,1988,and1995Ageơ ... thepopulation.Thenumberofwomensherepresentsinthepopulationiscalledhersamplingweight.Samplingweightsmayvaryconsiderablyfromthisaveragevaluedependingontherespondentsrace,theresponserateforsimilarwomen,andotherfactors.Aswithanysamplesurvey,theestimatesinthisreportaresubjecttosamplingvariability.SignicancetestsonNSFGdatashouldbedonetakingthesamplingdesignintoaccount.Nonsamplingerrorswereminimizedbystringentquality-controlproceduresthatincludedthoroughinterviewertraining,checkingtheconsistencyofanswersduringandaftertheinterview,imputingmissingdata,andadjustingthesamplingweightsfornonresponseandundercoveragetomatchnationaltotals.Estimatesofsamplingerrorsandotherstatisticalaspectsofthesurveyaredescribedinmoredetailinanotherseparatereport(13).Thisreportshowsndingsbycharacteristicsofthewomaninterviewed,includingherage,maritalstatus,education,parity,householdincomedividedbythepovertylevel,andraceandHispanicorigin.IthasbeenshownthatblackandHispanicwomenhavemarkedlylowerlevelsofincome,education,andaccesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance,thanwhitewomen(14).Theseandotherfactors,ratherthanraceororiginperse,probablyaccountfordifferencesinthebehaviorsandoutcomesstudiedinthisreportamongwhite,black,andHispanicwomen(15).TableBshowsafactorthatshouldbeconsideredininterpretingtrendsinpregnancy-relatedbehaviorintheUnitedStates:thechangingagecompositionofthereproductive-agepopulation.In1982,therewere54.1millionwomenofreproductiveageintheUnitedStates;in1988,57.9million;andin1995,60.2million(16).Thelargebabyboomcohort,bornbetween1946and1964,was1834yearsofagein1982,2442yearsofagein1988,and3149yearsofagein1995.Theselargebirthcohortswerepreceded(upto1945)andfollowed(196580)bysmallercohorts.Whiletheoverallnumberofwomen1544yearsofageroseby6million,or11percentbetween1982and1995,thenumberofteenagewomendroppedbyabout6percent,thenumberofwomen2024yearsofagedroppedby15percent,andthenumberofwomen2529droppedby6percent(tableB).Incontrast,thenumberofwomen3044yearsofageincreasedsharplyforexample,thenumberofwomen4044yearsofageincreasedby59percentbetween1982and1995.Also,women3044yearsofageaccountedfor54percentofwomen1544yearsofagein1995comparedwith44percentin1982.Thesedifferencesinagecompositionmayberelevantwhenevertimetrendsamongwomen1544yearsofagearebeingdiscussed.Publicuselesbasedonthe1995NSFGareavailableoncomputertape.TheywillalsobeavailableonCompactDiscRead-OnlyMemory(CD-ROM).QuestionsaboutthecostandavailabilityofthecomputertapesshouldbedirectedtotheNationalTechnicalInformationService(NTIS),5285PortRoyalRoad,Springeld,VA22161,703487-4650,or1800-553-NTIS.QuestionsregardingtheCD-ROMlesshouldbedirectedtoNCHSDataDisseminationBranchat301436-8500.ResultsTables117containmeasuresofpregnancyandbirthintheUnitedStates.ChildrenEverBornandTotalBirthsExpectedIn1995,women1544yearsofageintheUnitedStateshadhadanaverageof1.2birthsperwoman(table1).Thiscompareswith1.2in1988and1.3in1982(17).In1995,women1544yearsofageexpectedtonishtheirchildbearingwithanaverageof2.2childrenperwoman(table1)comparedwith2.2in1988and2.4in1982(17).Theproportionwhoreportthattheyhaveneverbeenpregnantwasmarkedlyhigherforcollegegraduatesthanforthosewhodidnotcompletehighschool(table3).Thissamepatternbyeducationisalsoseenwhendataforlivebirthsareexamined(tables45):about49percentofwomen2244yearsofagewhohadgraduatedfromcollegehadhadnolivebirthsasofthedateofinterviewcomparedwithjust8percentofwomen2244yearsofagewithoutahighschooldiploma(table4).WithinraceandHispanicorigingroups,thepatternwasthesame:collegegraduateshadmarkedlyhigherpercentschildlessthanwomenwithlesseducation(table5).Table6showsacomparisonbetweenlivebirthsreportedintheNSFGandlivebirthsregisteredonbirthcerticatesintheyears199194.Ineachindividualcalendaryearandforthesumoftheyears199194,theNSFGestimateofthenumberofbirthsisveryclosetothebirthcerticatetotalanddiffersfromitbylessthantheNSFGssamplingerror.TheNSFGestimateisalsoverycloseforwhitewomen.TheNSFGestimateforblackwomenisslightlylower,andtheestimateforotherracessomewhathigherthanthebirthcerticatedata.AdiscussionofthisdifferenceisgiveninthedenitionofRaceandHispanicoriginintheDenitionsofTerms.Overall,andbycharacteristicsotherthanrace,however,table6showsthatTableB.Numberofwomen,byage:UnitedStates,1982,1988,and1995Ageơ ... 1995 National Survey of Family Growth.Vital Health Stat Series 2 (inpreparation).14. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Statisticalabstract of the United States, 1996.Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce....
... and women’s health outcomes: Contextual data. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 23(23). 2003. statistics; no 238. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. ... reproductive health of U.S. women 15–44 years of age, based on Cycle 6 of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), conducted in 2002. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National ... DC: National Academy Press. 1995. population aged 15–44: Results of the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Advance data from vital and health statistics. Hyattsville, MD: National Center...
... OrganizationNHMIS NationalHealth Management Information SystemNPHCDA National Primary Health Care Development AgencyNPI National Programme on ImmunizationNMCP National Malaria Control ProgrammeNMEF National ... spraying program ã Information, education and mobilization of authorities and communitiesã Preparation of supervision programs and development of supervision checklistsã Preparation of reporting ... are indeed on the threshold of a new health system improvements through the Health System reform. The increased levels of partnerships in the area of malaria control programme provide a solid...
... Clinical investigation of medicinal products in the pediatric population54 Ministry ofHealth Canada 7 2008 The Royal Australasian College of Physicians’ Paediatric policy on ethics of ... children in clinical investigation of FDA-regulated products13 FDA US 22 2004 Textbook ofclinical trials, chapter: clinical trials in pediatrics8 Karlberg UK Survey of current guidance ... monitor the level of risk of a study and to give advice about early stopping ofclinical trials.23;51 Practical issues Only three guidelines addressed practical issues ofclinical trials...
... years of schooling, yet 71% of females and73% of males aged 15–19 had completed no more thanseven. Only 23% of females and 22% of males aged15–19 had attended secondary school at the time of ... Reproductive Health in Malawi 14 not withstanding, as a national survey on aspects of sexual and reproductive health, the 2004 MNSA pro-vides detailed information on sexual and reproductive health of ... than 90% of the respondents reported havingheard about HIV/AIDS. Adolescents were aware of ways of reducing HIV transmission with 88% of fe-males and 91% of males citing abstinence, 68% of fe-males...
... addressing each ES National Public Health Performance Standards Program Orientation to the Essential Public Health Services Monitor Health to Identify and Solve Community Health Problems ... assessment of the community’s health status, including: Identification ofhealth risks Attention to vital statistics and disparities Identifications of assets and resources Utilization of ... Assessment of the public health and personal health workforce Maintaining public health workforce standards Efficient processes for licensing / credentialing requirements Use of public health...
... people with depression. 19Women and Depression U.S. DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES National InstitutesofHealth NIH Publication No. 09 4779 Revised 2009 How does depression ... ã Mental health specialists, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, or mental health counselors. Health maintenance organizations (HMOs). Community mental health centers. Hospital ... encourage you to reproduce it and use it in your efforts to improve public health. Citation of the National Institute of Mental Health as a source is ap-preciated. However, using government materials...
... component of TB control; itis the ongoing collection, analysis, interpretationand dissemination ofhealth data essential to thedevelopment and evaluation of public health programs. The objectives of ... York City Department of Health and Mental HygieneNYPHL New York City Bureau of Public Health LaboratoriesPCR polymerase chain reactionPHA public health advisorPHI protected health informationPIs ... degree of accuracy. The use of genetic fingerprinting hasincreased our understanding of the epidemiology of TB transmission, rates of laboratory contamina-tion (see below) and the role of reinfection...