narrowband+wideband+and+directional+channel+modeling

... Turin, and V Tarokh, “Measurement and modeling of an ultra-wide bandwidth indoor channel, ” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol 52, no 10, pp 1786–1796, 2004 [17] J Keignart and N Daniele, Channel ... sounding and modeling for indoor UWB communications,” in Proceedings of International Workshop on Ultra Wideband Systems (IWUWBS ’03), Oulu, Finland, June 2003 [18] D Cassioli, M Z Win, and A F ... possible combinations of the Tx and Rx antennas, and close frequencies, within a 10 MHz band, as earlier explained This has been done for various frequency bands between 2.8 and GHz We have compared...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... standardized model for ultrawideband propagation channels,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol 54, no 11, pp 3151–3166, 2006 [22] M Ghavami, L B Michael, and R Kohno, Ultra Wideband ... indoor radio propagation channel, ” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 81, no 7, pp 943–968, 1993 [19] A F Molisch, “Ultrawideband propagatiton channels-theory, measurement, and modeling, ” IEEE Transactions ... expected value, and σ is the standard deviation, respectively For our measurements from beneath the chassis and inside the engine compartments, standard deviations of the best-fit Rayleigh and lognormal...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... watts/Hz, watts and Fundamentals of Wireless Communication, Tse&Viswanath 7: MIMO I: Spatial Multiplexing and Channel Modeling MIMO Capacity via SVD Narrowband MIMO channel: is by , fixed channel matrix ... Multiplexing and Channel Modeling Dependency on Carrier Frequency Measurements by Poon and Ho 2003 Fundamentals of Wireless Communication, Tse&Viswanath 30 7: MIMO I: Spatial Multiplexing and Channel Modeling ... Multiplexing and Channel Modeling Main Story • So far we have only considered single-input multi-output (SIMO) and multi-input single-output (MISO) channels • They provide diversity and power gains...

Ngày tải lên: 11/07/2014, 21:20

... Block diagram of baseband and passband channel models for SISO transmission 16 2.4 Spectral diagram of baseband and passband signals and channel 17 2.5 ... transmitted and received signals and the radio channel However, all theory and development presented in this work will deal with the baseband representation of signals and channels The baseband and passband ... Figure 2.4: Spectral diagram of baseband and passband signals and channel CHAPTER FOUNDATIONS OF STOCHASTIC CHANNEL MODELING 18 Note: Communications vs Channel Modeling In communications theory,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2012, 11:36

... (3) where NHi and NOi represent NH4-N and NO2+3-N in the ith layer [g-N/m2], respectively, and Nrice is the rice nitrogen [g-N/m2] The terms radv,NH,i and radv,NO,i are the NH4-N and NO2+3-N inflow ... production and water treatment and a detailed understanding of the nitrogen dynamics in VF constructed wetlands CONCLUSIONS In the experimental pots replicating VF constructed wetlands, a variety ... H.M and Iskandar, I.K (1981) Modeling nitrogen transport and transformations in soils: Theoretical considerations., Soil Science Vol.131, No.4, 233-241 Shearer, R.C., Letey J., Farmer, W.J., and...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... typically a correspondence between the reparandum and the alteration, and following Bear et al (1992), we annotate this using the labels m for word matching and r for word replacements (words of the ... unique index Other words in the reparandum and alteration are annotated with an x Also, editing terms (filled pauses and clue words) are labeled with et, and the interruption point with ip, which ... reparandum means that we can use the reparandum to predict the words (and their POS tags) that make up the alteration For Ri E { M o d , Can}, we define Oi to indicate the onset of the reparandum...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20

... relationships (McCann and Technology, Information, and the Geography of Global and Regional Trade 27 Gordon 2000; McCann 2001b; McCann and Sheppard 2003, McCann and Shefer 2004; Simmie and Sennet 1999) ... alia, Richardson (1969), Isard et al (1998), and Schaeffer and Bukenya (2001).) Globalization and Regional Economic Modeling ries, forecasting outcomes, and conducting impact analyses, which have ... offered And we need methodological innovations that enable us to carry out studies and thought experiments at levels of spatial and temporal resolution and formal complexity adequate to capture and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... Maas · R.W Dibble Combustion Physical and Chemical Fundamentals, Modeling and Simulation, Experiments, Pollutant Formation 4th Edition With 227 Figures and 22 Tables Prof Dr Dr h.c Jürgen Warnatz ... ways, and storage in data banks Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and ... absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use Typesetting: Digital data supplied by data Final processing:...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:49

... LLC x Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment Chapter 12 Predictive Modeling of Lake Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sediment Concentrations Based on Land Use/Land Cover Type and Pattern ... Palle Madsen Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment: A Watershed Perspective Edited by Wei Ji © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC WETLAND AND WATER RESOURCE MODELING AND ASSESSMENT ... Ozesmi, S., and M Bauer 2002 Satellite remote sensing of wetlands Wetlands Ecology and Management 10:381–402 © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 12 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... (a) wetland and grassland/forest, (b) bare land and developing urban area, and (c) built-up area and muddy beach Figure 2.2 illustrates the special overlap between the built-up area and the muddy ... by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 18 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment Water Built-up Urban Welland Mud Beach Forest Grassland Bare Land Farmland Developing Urban Area (a) (b) FIGURE ... and (sc = g or sc = fr) and men-elv ≤ 20) finalc = wt; If (muddy-ser = T and sc = u and (rod-ser = T or ral-ser = T or urb-ser = T) and wat-ser = T) finalc = m; If (muddy-ser = T and sc = u and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... 22 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment marsh vegetation and invasive species in fragmented coastal wetlands Schmidt and Skidmore (2003), for example, examined and tested the ... residential and industrial land uses interspersed among expanses of landfills, marsh grass fields, tidal wetlands creeks, mudflats, and rivers (Figure 3.1) There are approximately Band 32 Band 17 Band ... outcompetes the native species and results in thick stands of up to ~ meters high on tide-restricted areas, higher elevation dredge spoil islands, and tidal creek banks and levees Hyperspectral imagery...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment N W E S Water Body FIGURE 4.8 Vector map of Poyang Lake wetland 4.4 CONCLUSION The automatic and quick mapping method for discriminating land and ... body and land region on Band (Figures 4.2 and 4.4), a threshold value of 0.12 was applied to distinguish water and nonwater areas on the image of July 15, 1989, because Band (near-infrared band) ... landscape fragmentation index of Carex, ∑Ni stands for the total number of Carex landscape type polygons, and A is the total area of the Carex landscape The fragmentation index of the Carex landscape...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... irrigation and livestock sectors 43 © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 44 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment Communities need to accurately assess future water supply and demand if ... and 22.69°C for 2045 Mean precipitation for 1990 was 96.45 cm; HadCM2Sul predicts mean annual values of 78.07 cm for 2024 and 116.68 cm for 2045 5.2.4 HISTORIC LAND COVER AND LAND USE DATA Land ... FIGURE 5.1 Predicted hot and dry year (e.g., 2043) precipitation (a) and air temperature (b) distribution, and predicted cool and wet year (e.g., 2045) precipitation (c) and air temperature (d)...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... 60 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment have rarely been undertaken in the red soil areas of China SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) (Arnold et ... Table 6.1 © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 62 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment TABLE 6.1 Soil properties of forest and grass catchments Soil depth (mm) 200.00 600.00 Parameter ... Jones, and P T Dyke 1984 A modeling approach to determining the relationship between erosion and soil productivity Transactions of ASAE 27:129–144 Xie, X L., K R Wang, and W J Zhou 2000 Status and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... 72 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment IGBP Landuse BARREN OR SPARSELY VEGETATED CLOSED SHRUBLANDS CROPLAND/NATURAL VEGETATION MOSAIC CROPLANDS DECIDUOUS BROADLEAF ... understanding of modern forest hydrological and ecosystem processes has been derived from these watersheds © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 74 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment ... soil, and vegetation characteristics Plantations reduce stream flow, and increases soil salinization and acidification Deforestation increases water yield Andreassian 2004 Jackson et al 2005 Ice and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... of surface flow, stormflow, and baseflow © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 98 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment REFERENCES Ambroise, B., K Beven, and J Freer 1996 Toward a ... topographic index bins, and Ai [L2] is the fractional catchment area corresponding to each bin © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 92 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment Evapotranspiration ... China The catchment area is 42.6 km and approximately 90% of the land surface is covered by forest Soil is primarily red loam consisting of sandy loam and sand silt Ground surface elevation varies...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... subbasins and land parcels to coarsely represent spatial variations of rainfall and land surface Moreover, neither SWAT nor HSPF considers nonpoint sources from animal manure and CSOs and infectious ... 104 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment where DU = change in upper soil zone moisture storage over time interval Dt, s , u , and ep = average supply, upstream inflow, and potential ... both pervious and impervious land segments The hydrological processes in the model include accumulation and melting of snow and ice, water budget, sediment transport, soil moisture, and temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... values, and nonvegetated areas yielding low or zero values The formula for calculating the NDVI is: NDVI = (TM Band − TM Band 3) / (TM Band + TM Band 3) (10.2) TM Bands and represent the red and ... (10.1) 118 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment where Y is the computed average soil loss per unit area, expressed in tons/acre; R is the rainfall and runoff factor and is the rainfall ... production, warm-water fishing, and navigation Agriculture and forests are the two major land uses/covers in the Cass River watershed, accounting for 60% and 21% of the total land area, respectively Soils...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... provide land use information Within the study area, the major vegetation types are rice field and wetland Thus, the corresponding land use types were classified into rice land, water, and forested ... factors: (1) natural topography, slope, and channel, (2) climatic and hydrological factors (temperature, solar radiation, precipitation, and runoff), and (3) biomass of natural vegetation Based ... total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and bulk density Due to the difference in the soil texture system between the SWAT standard (U.S standard) and the standard of the second national soil survey...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20