nanotechnology regulatory perspective for drug development in cancer therapeutics

... translated into similar clinical advances in cancer therapeutics One area that holds great promise for making such advances is the area defined as cancer nanotechnology, which involves the intersection ... long-circulating cisplatin-containing liposomes (where cisplatin is loaded passively) lack anti-tumor activity, whereas cisplatin in free form is capable of inserting cytotoxicity.19 This is in contrast ... by today’s drugs in the battle against cancer The combined creative forces of engineering, chemistry, physics, and biology will beget new and hopefully transformative options to old, intractable...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 14:30

... cells in 0.2 mL of media containing 20% Matrigel ™(Becton Dickinson, Bedford, MA, USA) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of × 10 cells in mL of media Animals bearing s.c tumors were used for ... colorectal carcinoma with disease progression while on or following fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin-, or irinotecan-containing chemotherapy regimens [22] Panitumumab has been well tolerated in clinical ... 18.6 h for the i.v injected group and 19.3 h for the i.p.-injected group In contrast to the i.v.- injected sets of mice, the clearance (T1/2b phase) of the RIC following i.p injection in the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... Chapter gives an alternative method for synthesizing FA-conjugated SPIONs for minimizing uptake by macrophages and enhancing the selectivity in targeting of cancer cells ATRP of GMA and poly(ethylene ... promising nanoscale materials, SPIONs have gained significant attention due to their great potential for various biomedical applications, including MRI for cell targeting and monitoring, drug/ gene ... delivery (IDD) has been used for bladder cancer therapy to prolong the residence time of the instilled drug in the bladder IDD involves direct instillation of drug into the bladder via a catheter,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:14

... established for investigating protein-protein interactions in cultured cells and several are now being validated for use in living animals, including the two-hybrid system and protein fragment ... comprising a mutant herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase Imaging Protein-Protein Interactions in Whole Cells 37 (HSV1-tk) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) for readout of a tetracycline-inducible ... RNA in infected cells, but as a rule, the mRNA coding for a given protein is less abundant than the protein itself Abundant mRNAs such as the one coding for tyrosine hydroxylase in catecholaminergic...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 11:20

... absorption or scattering and offer promising clinical application especially in the area of cancer imaging by increasingly proving themselves to offer alternative angles in examining the same biological ... tyrosine kinase found in cellular surface The EGFR is a 170 kDa plasma membrane glycoprotein containing an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single transmembrane region, a cytoplasmic domain ... available for use in laboratory research or clinical imaging of pathological conditions such as cancer, optical imaging finds its niche in providing subcellular resolution which is a pre-requisite for...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:02

... Weight of drug in the nanoparticles × 100 Weight of nanoparticles Loading efficiency (% ) = Weight of drug in the nanoparticles × 100 Weight of the feeding drug In vitro drug release study The drug ... Imparting a stealth shielding on the surface of these drug delivery systems prevents plasma proteins from recognizing these particles and increasing the systemic circulation time from minutes ... be present in the circulation for enough time to reach to its intended target tissue Plasma proteins can bind circulating NPs and remove them from the circulation within seconds to minutes through...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... synthesis, and inosine that will be degraded into hypoxanthine and xanthine and finally into uric acid Hypoxanthine and guanine may enter in a salvage pathway, using hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltranferase ... The PEGylation consists in binding with a covalent link a protein (adenosine-deaminase, asparaginase, interferons, granulocyte colonystimulating factor, liposomal doxyrubicin) to poly(ethylene) ... with azathioprine or cyclosporine is contraindicated for the risk of leukocytopenia [47,48] Azathioprine is converted into mercaptopurine that is metabolized by xanthine oxidase into inactive compounds,...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2012, 14:59

... structure [9] Accumulating evidences indicate that HSPGs act to inhibit cellular invasion by promoting tight cell–cell and cell–ECM interactions, and by maintaining the structural integrity and self-assembly ... protein-coding genes contain introns that are removed in the nucleus by RNA splicing and are often alternatively spliced Alternative splicing increases the coding capacity of the genome, generating ... signaling capacity The existence of a C-terminus domain (C-domain) emerged from a prediction of the 3D structure of a single-chain heparanase enzyme [73] In this protein 3894 variant, the linker...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:20

... transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher For information on getting permission for reprints ... primary focus for this chapter The Library module in Lightroom provides robust tools for importing photos; categorizing and applying attributes; comparing similar images in detail; and exporting files ... fix minor flaws caused by lens distortions Slideshow Module Lightroom provides options for creating slideshow presentations for clients and other interested parties, including robust formatting...

Ngày tải lên: 30/05/2014, 23:16

... entries in α The main approach taken in CS is to minimize the -norm instead ˆ α = argmin α α subject to y = Aα (2.7) Surprisingly, the minimization yields the same result as the minimization in ... results can also be obtained using the hard-thresholding instead of the softthresholding in (2.14) [11] Other methods for solving (2.13) have also been proposed See for instance GPSR [61], SPGL1 ... recovered by taking the inverse Fourier transform In this way, one can view an MRI scanner as a machine that measures the information about the object in Fourier domain See [154] for an excellent...

Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2014, 12:05

... 64 Cu/NOTA-dimer after final formulation (green line), 24 h incubation in mouse plasma (red line), h in vivo (blue line), 24 h in vivo (purple line) and free 64Cu (black line) Figure Bio-distributions ... simultaneous binding to receptors All peptides in the current research feature only short linkers, limiting the possibility of multiple binding to targets simultaneously Therefore, statistical rebinding ... used lysine side chain or a 6-aminohexanoic acid spacer for their homodimer and obtained promising in vitro results We used one and two PEG spacers between the binding sequences to fine-tune...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... much staining for types I and III collagens, patchy staining for type II collagen, and a little for type VI collagen Most glycosaminoglycan staining was for chondroitin-4-sulfate, with less for keratan ... except in sample 24, which had slight staining in the upper surface zone The glycosaminoglycan epitopes that stained most strongly were keratan sulfate and chondroitin-4-sulfate Less staining was ... being totally negative for type II collagen Type I collagen immunostaining was seen in all samples but was more variable than for type II collagen In the fibrocartilagelike samples, the staining...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:21

... treatment that offers meaningful improvement in survival in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLMs) Indications for surgical resection continue to expand An increasing number of patients ... demonstrated a mild centriacinar steatosis No inflammatory/ fibrotic changes were observed in the central vein region Reticulin stain demonstrated intense fibrotic reaction in the portal tracts Page ... obtained from the patient for publication of this case report Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests Authors' contributions SG is the authorized user for...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:21

... tyrosine kinase; Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (kinase insert domain-containing receptor; KDR) Neuropilin-1, an isoform-specific co-receptor of VEGFR-2, enhances the bioactivity of VEGF165 by increasing ... 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.6, containing 0.006% H2O2 Counterstaining was performed with hematoxylin As for a control, sections were reacted by replacing ... synovial lining cells, endothelial cells of blood vessels and macrophage-like cells in the sublining layer of the RA synovium (Fig 5a,b), confirming the findings from in situ hybridization No staining...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... statistics are shown in Table 2, in the right-hand columns ("during treatment”) In the figures, any deviation of individual points from the intersection of the x and y axes represents a combination of ... Calypso® markers Real time tracking of transponder position for minutes, to provide information about intra-fraction motion “Average” CTV to PTV margins, calculated using the method of van Herk [17], ... added in quadrature to the total error, to account for inaccuracies in the on-line correction process Average individualized CTV to PTV margins are shown, although several patients had margins...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... anticancer treatment results in tumor lysis, loss of cell membrane integrity, increased extracellular space, and, therefore, an increase in water diffusion [24,25] Our results were also in accordance ... responsible for the transient increase in TV Obviously, the timing of the evaluation of tumor response after the start of treatment is a key issue For the present study, we chose to perform MRI including ... early MRI, before inferences can be drawn that influence the therapeutic strategy Conclusions In conclusion, DWI is a promising imaging biomarker for early prediction of tumor response in patients...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... a therapeutic option in stage I NSCLC either for inoperable patients or for patients refusing surgery SBRT for lung cancer is under evaluation in clinical trials Japan Clinical Oncology Group ... be confirmed with CTguided biopsy in patient, this case was included in the study considering the positive FDG-PET finding and the increase in tumor size during observation period Of the 55 lesions, ... set-up is required for SBRT, so immobilization devices are used for diminishing the positioning error, i.e repositioning accurately Some of them also have effect of diminishing the organ motion...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:22

... promising, these findings require validation in a larger patient cohort, especially for oral cavity cancer 13 14 15 16 Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests ... factors: extracapsular nodal invasion in one patient and positive resection margin in the other The objective of adding concurrent chemotherapy in these patients was to increase the loco-regional ... include protection of the salivary glands by daily amifostine during RT [26] or stimulation with pilocarpine [27] These methods could only be complementary to planning efforts aimed at reducing...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... suspend treatment of the spine temporarily while treatment of the brain continues Since the brain and spine are in communication via the cerebrospinal fluid, holding treatment in one compartment may ... radiation induced cancer after spinal irradiation for childhood medulloblastoma? A comparative treatment planning study Acta Oncol 2005, 44:554-562 Jain S: Kinetic model for designing a cancer therapy ... in a single center Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004, 58:1165-1170 Linstadt D, Wara W, Edwards M, Hudgins R, Sheline G: Radiotherapy of primary intracranial germinomas: the case against routine...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21