nanotechnology in drug delivery for malaria and tuberculosis treatment

... Excellent Vehicle for Site Directed in- vivo Delivery of Drugs and Vaccines Anil Mahapatro1 and Dinesh K Singh2* Bioengineering Program & Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Wichita ... high loading capacity for the drugs The high loading ability of NPs reduces the amount of the polymer carrier required for vaccine /drug delivery in the body The loading of drugs/vaccine into/onto ... Drug release kinetics also depend upon size of the NPs and the loading efficiency of the vaccine or drug The vaccine or drug loading efficiency will determine the initial burst and the sustained...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:20

... to extensive in vitro and in vivo testing to determine if it is safe enough for human testing In the next step, the candidate drug enters the development process (clinical trials) in which it ... used in the manufacturing industry for quality engineering purposes In DoE, a design matrix is constructed in a combinatorial fashion that specifies the levels for several different factors for ... The top 10 fingerprint keys of the SRC validation and test sets selected by the scoring scheme Dashed lines and circles denote aromatic bonds and atoms respectively Continuous lines and circles...

Ngày tải lên: 08/09/2015, 22:12

... GWs; and Developing a script or suite for determining the number of stages for setting up a prespecified number of calls in multiple stages For example, if a GW can handle only four simultaneous incoming ... determining the number of calls that can be started simultaneously and the intercall-burst interval (in milliseconds or seconds) The intercall-burst interval enables processing of all incoming ... digits for user ID (optional) and wait for a response Entering a set of digits for user authentication (optional) and waiting for a response follows The final stage consists of sending the destination...

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2013, 07:20

... VTTTU in reading English for EEE and present some useful techniques for improving teaching and learning English for EEE In order to find out the problems in teaching and learning English for EEE, ... b Understanding and using verb tenses and forms c Understanding and identifying the types of sentences: simple or complex, passive and active voice d Identifying the main and subordinate 2.7 ... encounter when reading English for EEE The suggestions have been made for improvement of teaching and learning They include increasing students’ reading interest and motivation, training students become...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 10:33

... ratio for deposit-taking NBFIs and 10:1 gearing ratio for non-deposit-taking NBFIs); define individual and group-based loans for microfinance and small business, with single-borrower limits for individual ... microfinance and innovating in commercial- informal financial linkages; and a challenge to the supervisory authorities in applying the regulatory guidelines to ensure discipline as well as innovation ... planning, financial planning and budgeting, and microenterprise development Group members make mandatory savings contributions for at least three months before qualifying for a loan Increasing...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... smallest for doctors (6%) and greatest for midwives 24%; Methods The work was carried out in mid-2009 The methods were the same as used earlier and are described in detail in [1] and [2] The information ... implications for the sector as a whole in terms of funding, decentralization, health facilities, sector performance, and the direction in which the sector is heading Clearly any increase in the number ... in West Java Province, Indonesia Unpublished] and the performance of the sector is inadequate [7] In addition, the quality of care in Indonesia is low [8-10] Merely increasing the total number...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... pre-medication using steroids and anti-histamines and be given the drug using slow infusions lasting a few hours Binding paclitaxel to albumin resulted in delivery of higher dose of drug in short period of ... difficulty in getting imaging and therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier and into the brain Many investigators have found that nanoparticles hold promise for ferrying such agents into the ... direct injection into the brain, was loaded into human serum albumin nanoparticles and linked to apolipoprotein E Mice treated intravenously with this complex induced antinociceptive effects in the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... risk guidelines for defining and determining what data elements are typically at most risk for ICF and leveraging the eventual standardization of journaling data elements for inclusion in event ... within Insider Computer Fraud: An In- Depth Framework for Detecting and Defending against Insider IT Attacks point to the importance of maintaining strong security controls first Then, using completed ... third-party business partners and their contractors, consultants, and so forth It is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain a hard and fast distinction between insiders and outsiders • Many “insider...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 16:10

... N: A randomised trial of early versus delayed fixed dose combination zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir in patients coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis: early findings of the tuberculosis and immune ... CD4+0 interactions and by secreting IFN-γ Th1 subsets produce the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, and Th2 cells, the antiinflammatory cytokines, IL-4, 5, 6, 10, and 13 In addition, ... antigens Thus far, no single treatment option exists against IRIS and depends on the underlying infectious agent and its clinical presentation However, since the pathogenesis is an inflammatory one,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... edible Seeds and capsules of the fruits are used for soap-making and for fishing, and all parts of the tree have medicinal properties Fresh arils, dried arils and soap are traded in local and regional ... producing saponins, which lather in water and are used for washing In the Pobè region (South-East Benin), it is rather the whole immature fruits that are cut in small pieces and plunged into water ... yield and destroy seedlings and saplings Rapid growth of seedlings and saplings and increasing fruit production Cutting back certain branches Fire protection Mulching/ organic fertilization Traditional...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 09:21

... part The investigation into those slogans will hopefully reveal interesting features in language used in slogans in general and food and drink slogans in particular Second, food and drink products ... best techniques for bringing in the brand name is to make the slogan rhyme with it like in two examples below: Example 31, 32: City linking, smart thinking (City Link) To save and invest, talk to ... 1.2.2)  Appearing in print advertisements (referring to slogans listed under the letter “P” standing for Print in the Media column)  Being advertised in the UK or /and the US Regarding those criteria,...

Ngày tải lên: 02/03/2015, 14:20

Ngày tải lên: 26/03/2015, 08:58

...    Being an advertising slogan for a food/drink product Appearing in print advertisements (referring to slogans listed under the letter “P” standing for Print in the Media column) Being advertised ... not least, investigations into slogans in general and into linguistic features of slogans in particular are limited and outnumbered by investigations into other fields of advertising In fact, while ... advertising campaigns in which slogans play a vital part The investigation into those slogans will hopefully reveal interesting features in language used in slogans in general and food and drink...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2015, 19:46

... PEG chain and TAT-PEG-b-Chol BBB penetration .140 1.4 Ciprofloxacin and ciprofloxacin lactate .143 1.5 Consideration in injecting and sampling methods for application of nanoparticles in BBB ... Intra-cerebral ICV Intracerebroventricular IFN-Ȗ Interferon gamma IL-1ȕ interleukin-1 beta IL-2 interleukin-2 IL-4 interleukin-4 IL-6 interleukin-6 IR infrared XIV iNOS inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase JEV ... that predominantly affects the meninges surrounding the brain and the spinal cord is called meningitis The infection of the brain tissue is called encephalitis If both brain and meninges are affected,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:10

... consider, analyze, and ultimately understand the living world, whereas physics and chemistry come handy in probing the behavior of molecules and their activity inside living cells Engineering applications ... available for performing data mining and preprocessing of experimental data obtained from different cell culture experiments Microbial and mammalian metabolism - available genomic and biochemical information ... scientific and commercial communities The main advantage of using modeling approaches is the reduction in time and cost required for conducting experimental investigations by pinpointing the effect...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 21:27

... of ionized form in RM β-CD, resulting in a 128-fold increase in the intrinsic solubility of the drug Interfacial tension of various concentrations of this CD derivative was explored and it was ... and therefore maintained the effective drug concentration in the skin layers for a longer period Polymeric microparticles of PLA, PLGA, PNIPAM and EC were used as carriers for the skin delivery ... General Introduction Skin Structure Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery Skin Permeation Models Recent Formulation Developments Hypothesis and Objective Effect of Non-Ionic Surfactants in Proniosomes...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:03

... drug against skin metabolism and increased the skin permeation (by increasing the drug availability on the skin surface) 23 Table 1.2 An overview of the drug- cyclodextrin inclusion research in ... elimination of first-pass effect, and easy termination of drug input Additionally, sustained drug delivery via the skin would reduce the dosing frequency and eliminate peak plasma levels of the drug ... cell, (guinea pig skin) In vivo (guinea pig) In vitro, Franz diffusion cell (rat skin) In vivo (rat) In vitro, Franz diffusion cell (rat skin) In vitro, Franz diffusion cell (rat skin) In vitro,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:03

... when the drug was in its degree of ionized form in RM β-CD, resulting in a 128-fold increase of the intrinsic solubility of the drug When phase solubility experiments were performed with CD in the ... explain the complexation modes and the solubility data Highest increase in drug solubility was observed when the drug was in its degree of ionized form in RM β-CD, resulting in a 128-fold increase ... partitioning of the drug into the skin, implying that the ionized and unionized moieties of a drug influence its solubility and partitioning through stratum corneum and hence affect the skin permeation...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:03

... obtained by dissolving the drug and polymer in water (for PVA and PVA-PNIPAM) or in ethanol (for PNIPAM) Fluorescein-loaded PNIPAM solutions were developed for confocal imaging and studying the ... sustain the penetration of T4 to the skin and help maintain the effective drug concentration in the skin layers for longer period of time These formulations may have potential uses in topical skin ... deemed to improve blood circulation and skin elasticity and to rejuvenate the skin and reduce the formation of wrinkles (http://beauty.indobase.com/skincare/facial-skin-care.html), however there is...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:03

... sodium, thus favoring drug uptake into skin Drug solubility in SC lipids and affinity of the drug to the vesicles may influence the skin penetration of diclofenac The low skin permeability of ... drugs and transdermal delivery of hydrophobic molecules 135 CHAPTER Conclusion The stratum corneum is the main barrier against skin permeation of drug molecules and compounds In order for a drug ... PNIPAM nanofibers sustained the permeation of T4 to the skin and therefore helped maintain the effective drug concentration in the skin layers for longer periods of time These formulations may offer...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:03