na channels as therapeutic targets for antiarrhythmic agents

... dependent, and therefore structural information for a given class of ligand would be highly desirable Also, there are G-quadruplexes as cancer drug targets no experimental structural data as yet on folded ... Gunaratnam M, Haider SM, Howard PW, Fox KR, Neidle S & Thurston DE (2009) Biaryl polyamides as a new class of DNA quadruplexbinding ligands Chem Commun 4097–4099 29 Dash J, Shirude PS & Balasubramanian ... the development of small molecules as G-quadruplex binders has been largely based on polycyclic planar aromatic compounds with at least one substituent terminating in a cationic group [20,21]...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22

... Ras signaling Importantly, this phenotype was seen only for the HAS2 isoform, indicating functional differences among the three HASs The HA-synthesizing capacity of HASs and, specifically, HAS2 ... of HA in cancer cells, such as fibrosarcomas, breast cancer, mesotheliomas and prostate cancer, transfected with HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3 genes, triggered intracellular signaling pathways that promoted ... anti-apoptotic signaling involving phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) ⁄ AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways Tumor-associated stromal myofibroblast-derived hyaluronan, synthesized...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 23:20

... molecular targets for drug discovery as well as other therapeutic approaches to enhance bone formation, and thus produce the ideal anabolic agent for osteoporosis References Todd PA, Goa Kl: Simvastatin ... Fibroblast growth factor has been previously shown to stimulate bone formation in vivo and was used as a positive control The anabolic effect of statins was confirmed with significant increases ... Since new bone formation is primarily a function of the osteoblast, agents regulating bone formation can act by either increasing/decreasing the replication of cells of the osteoblastic lineage...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 03:24

... chromatrography-mass spec/mass spec (ESI-LC-MS/MS) Sputum and serum samples were prepared for analysis by mass spectrometry as previously [24,27] PGP and N-αPage of (page number not for citation ... electrospray mass transitions were at 270-70 and 270-116 for PGP and 312-140 and 312-112 for N-α-PGP The R2 value for the calibration curves for PGP was 0.988 and the detection limit was 10 pg/ml ... and inter-assay variabilities were 7.8% and 12.6%, respectively Myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay This was performed using a commercially available activity assay (Calbiochem, San Diego, California,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... siRNA 2000 cdk9 siRNA 1500 OBF-1 siRNA 1000 Rev-BP2 siRNA 500 PPGB siRNA 12 18 21 Days Post Infection EXT2 siRNA HEXA siRNA OBF-1 siRNA EXT-2 siRNA PPGB siRNA Rev-BP2 siRNA HEXA siRNA cdk9 siRNA ... sample set; calls assigned by MAS4.0 can be either increase, marginally increase, decrease, marginally decrease, or no change Comprehensive microarray data analysis was performed using GeneSpring ... washed with PBS and released with complete medium Samples were collected every hrs and cytoplasmic RNA was isolated Single-color flow cytometric analysis of DNA content (PI staining) was performed...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:21

... markers for breast cancer are increased in patients with early disease and are thus of little value in identifying women at increased risk of developing this malignancy [55] As well as breast cancer, ... study found that the active form was more associated with breast cancer progression than the precursor form [16] As well as ADAM17 protein, high expression of ADAM17 mRNA was also found to predict ... Schumer S, Lenahan C, Borges V, Louis GW, Anand A, Isakovich N, Hirshfield-Bartek J, Wewer U, Lotz MM, Moses MA: Urinary metalloproteinases: noninvasive biomarkers for breast cancer risk assessment...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... approval for this study was obtained from our institutional ethical committee Design and synthesis of siRNA Design and synthesis of siRNA was done as described earlier [12,41,42] Briefly, siRNA oligonucleotides ... with 5% CO as complete medium The medium was renewed every days and cells were passaged every 4-5 days To examine the effects of siRNAs, cells were transfected with siRNAs specific for either ... http://www.gvt-journal.com/content/9/1/15 Screening for siRNAs effective against HCV receptor CD81, LDLR, CLDN and SR-BI genes siRNA-mediated RNAi is strictly sequence specific, so appropriately designed siRNAs...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:23

... Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 IKKs IkappaB kinase kinases IL Interleukin JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinases LPS Lipopolysaccharide MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinases XIV MCP-1 Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 ... enterokinase activates trypsinogen Subsequently, trypsin induces the activation of itself as well as other digestive enzymes including chymotrypsiongen, procarboxypeptidase and proelastase In contrast, ... T cells to release antiinflammatory cytokines that contribute to immune suppression As inhibiting Fas-FasL signaling (e.g., Fas fusion protein (Chung et al., 2003), or Fas siRNA administration...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:04

... potentially used as vehicles for therapeutic agents for a site specific action [86] A monoclonal antibody has been designed against Eag1 with no effect on Eag2 and HERG channels This antibody has been ... HERG channels inhibits cell proliferation and therefore disease progression These channels have been demonstrated in the cell membrane by functional studies and therefore are accessible targets for ... protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway by a mechanism that is independent of K+ influx through the channel Eag channels also act as a scaffold for and activate Calcium -Calmodulin activated kinase...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 03:24

... to the cytoplasm for translation of the Tat, Rev and Nef proteins (Fig 2) All the tat mRNAs are spliced at site A3 The rev mRNAs are spliced at sites A4a, A4b or A4c, and the nef mRNAs are spliced ... D3 signal Disruption of ESSV results in increased vpr mRNA accumulation and exon inclusion, decreased accumulation of unspliced viral mRNA and decreased FEBS Journal 277 (2010) 867–876 Journal ... fibroblasts Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100, 4114–4119 50 Ryther RC, Flynt AS, Phillips JA III and Patton JG (2005) siRNA therapeutics: big potential from small RNAs Gene Ther 12, 5–11 FEBS Journal 277...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22

... tau kinases and phosphatases [3] One particular tau kinase pertinent to metal dyshomeostasis in AD is glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) GSK3 has recently been implicated as a critical kinase involved ... mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and P38, and glycogen synthase kinase-3b J Neurochem 74, 1587– 1595 FEBS Journal 274 (2007) 3775–3783 ª 2007 The Authors Journal compilation ... across the plasma membrane, as determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Once inside the cell, Cu and Zn, but not Fe, activated phosphoinositol 3-kinase mediated protein kinase pathways,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... IL-2, as well as other common gamma chain (gc; also known as CD132) signaling, are important stimulatory signals for the development, function and fitness of nTreg cells Its signaling cascade ... as IL-2 is first and foremost a T cell growth factor, and as such, has strong proliferative effects on all T cells, including pathogenic CD4 + and CD8+ Teff cells For the past decade, IL-2 has ... expression analysis showed that IL-2 signaling was required for the maintenance of the expression of the genes involved in the regulation of cell growth and metabolism [22] Hence, IL-2 has a critical...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... large-scale study found that DNA structural features such as bendability and A-philicity served as preferred integration sites [22] The present study was performed to assess the role of matrix attachment ... selection MARs are DNA sequences located at the bases of DNA loops that attach to the nuclear matrix, and are thus positioned near the machinery for DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing and ... lymphomas, termed MF8T (Rasgrp1), was analyzed for the presence of MARs using a MAR-prediction program termed MARFinder http://futuresoft.org MAR-Finder is a statistical algorithm that analyzes...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... large-scale study found that DNA structural features such as bendability and A-philicity served as preferred integration sites [22] The present study was performed to assess the role of matrix attachment ... selection MARs are DNA sequences located at the bases of DNA loops that attach to the nuclear matrix, and are thus positioned near the machinery for DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing and ... lymphomas, termed MF8T (Rasgrp1), was analyzed for the presence of MARs using a MAR-prediction program termed MARFinder http://futuresoft.org MAR-Finder is a statistical algorithm that analyzes...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... suggest that it is dispensable review IL-9 was originally described as a mast cell growth factor for its ability to enhance the survival of primary mast cells and to induce their production of ... usually associated with human asthma), suggesting biological effects on granulocytes [47] Mast cells are also important effector cells in asthma, and increased numbers of intra-epithelial lung mast ... Rijn M, Weiss C, Ferrante V, MacDonald D, Renauld JC, Nicolaides NC, Holroyd KJ, Levitt RC: review IL-9 was first suggested as an asthma candidate gene by unbiased genetic mapping studies on AHR...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... awaiting appropriate signals, upon which they are induced to proliferate and differentiate into fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, angioblasts and lipoblasts This cascade of events, however, ... effect of fibroblast growth factors on endothelial cells more efficacious, stabilizes as well as protects these factors from inactivation, acts as a receptor segregating basic fibroblast growth factor, ... down the repair process as far as is feasible in order to conserve the greatest amounts of innate and biomechanically sufficient (albeit necrotic) epiphyseal bone for as long as possible, because...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... ROS Intrinsic pathway Extrinsic pathway Mitochondria FasL/TRAIL/TNFR tBid Cytochrome c Apaf-1 Procaspase Caspase Caspase Procaspase Caspase Apoptosis Figure Death-receptor-mediated and mitochondrial ... apoptotic signaling via truncated Bid or promotes apoptosis via activation of effector caspases (e.g., caspase-3) (Figure 3) Finally, both apoptosis pathway converged at the caspase-3 activation ... the S phase [86, 87] In addition to Stat3, IL-6 activates the MAPK signaling cascade which is crucial for cell 24 proliferation, and also the pro-survival kinases phosphoinositol kinase (PI3K)...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:21

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2012, 17:20

... release The releasing curves of pravastatin show release phases, the first is rapid release phase and the second is slow sustained release phase with hemoglobin release similar pattern Pravastatin ... pravastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin for cardiovascular disease prevention Am Heart J 2006; 151(2):273 281 Oda S, Nagahama R, Nakano K, Matoba T, Kubo M, Sunagawa K, Tominaga R, Egashira ... chair for Pharmaceutical industries for the assistance in completion of this work, Also, Dr Magdy Abdelhamid for his kind helping and efforts in drug analysis This Work was funded by Deanship for...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:10

... the one they thought was correct (identification) (for more information on the test, see (Thomas-Danguin et al., 2003a)) Data analysis Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to test the ... sample was perceived to be slightly less pleasant in the second tasting session than in the first one, whereas the pleasantness of the heightened aroma sample increased in the second tasting session ... received information about the sample’s healthiness and low fat content A third group served as control, receiving no additional information, except for the list of ingredients The written information...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2013, 21:06