multiple choice exercises based on a learner corpus

... lection d’un es Yaghmaie and A Aliabadian, pace d’insertion decomposition and radon transform,” Interna 0,1 tional Journal of a b c d e f Electronics and communication (AEÜ), pp Fig 12 LL sub-band ... uantization approach Tao and Eskicioglu propose in [12] decomposition level a non-blind produces four representations of an image: an ap multiple watermarking scheme based on the DW proximation ... )] Qualitative evaluation of the watermark presen ce can be done by comparing the two extracted watermarks with the original one Quantitativeevaluation is performed by calculating the similarity...

Ngày tải lên: 21/11/2013, 23:58

... couleur additif : vers la selection d’un espace d’insertion optimal,” Coresa03, 2003 S Rastegar, F Namazi, K Yaghmaie and A Aliabadian, “Hybrid watermarking algorithm based on singular value decomposition ... 10 Qualitative evaluation of the watermark presence can be done by comparing the two extracted watermarks with the original one Quantitative evaluation is performed by calculating the similarity ... methods are based on the multiple watermarking approach in the DWT domain Results are shown in figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13, they are based on applying the same attacks on the Goldhill test image...

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 16:22

... Inflection Sridharan, A and Prakash, K 1995 Discussion on Point Method Geotechnique, 47 (1): 199-200 ‘Limitations of Conventional Analysis of Consolidation Robinson, R.G 1999 Consolidation Analysis ... on Results 2007 Diagnostic Curve Methods for Geomechanics, ASCE, (1): 75-79 of One-dimensional Consolidation Tests, Soils and Sivaram, B and Swamee, P.K 1977 A Computational Foundations, Japan, ... The actual theoretical one-dimensional consolidation relationship between average degree of consolidation U and the time factor T obtained from the Terzaghi theory may, depending on the range...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2013, 14:09

... Gear Total Ratio 4th Gear Total Ratio 5th Gear Total Ratio Final Drive Ratio Automatic Gearbox 1st Gear Total Ratio 2nd Gear Total Ratio 3rd Gear Total Ratio 4th Gear Total Ratio Final Drive Ratio ... to make this approach applicable to conventional transmissions, a many-gear transmission concept has been established Fuel economy and gear shifting effects Many approaches are known as feasible ... Based on Pattern Recognition and Learning Algorithm, 4th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, China, 2002 [6] Mashadi B and Kazemkhani A A Fuzzy gear shifting strategy for manual...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 17:03

... optical data storage, ultrafast optical communication, as well as biological/chemical sensing and imaging in the visible and infrared spectral regions ) Figure Anisotropic laser emission (a) Variation ... and preparation procedures, optical measurement setups, numerical simulation method, as well as additional experimental data This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs ... Nakamura, S.; Riordan, M Sci Am 2009, 300, 70–75 (28) Enya, Y.; Yoshizumi, Y.; Kyono, T.; Akita, K.; Ueno, M.; Adachi, M.; Sumitomo, T.; Tokuyama, S.; Ikegami, T.; Katayama, K.; Nakamura, T Appl...

Ngày tải lên: 18/09/2013, 21:26

... by no means in a conformation that is fit to activate The fact that kcat and Km for tRNAArg in the aminoacylation reaction not change in the Asn106 fi Ala, Gln111 fi Ala and Phe109 fi Ala mutants of ... under a linear gradient of NaCl from to m gave a pure tRNAArg transcript, which was precipitated by addition of ethanol Aminoacylation reaction The aminoacylation reaction of tRNA was measured at ... Mg2+ and A7 6 of tRNAArg assisting the Arg-AMP formation reaction A model of NH2OH, enzymatically synthesized Arg-AMP and A7 6 of tRNAArg in the ArgNHOH formation reaction in the presence of tRNAArg...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... disambiguation methods In Proceedings of the International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, pages 101–112 Rada Mihalcea and Dan I Moldovan 1999 An automatic ... signatures from Japanese text In particular cases, where one only cares about translation ambiguity, this technique can work on any language pair Conclusion and Future Work We presented a novel ... People’s Daily, one of the most influential newspaper in mainland China It maintains a vast database of news stories, available to search by the public Among other reasons, we chose this website because...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... Ozaku, Masao Utiyama, and Hitoshi Isahara 2000 Named entity extraction based on a maximum entropy model and transformation rules (in Japanese) Journal of Natural Language Processing, 7(2):63–90 Takehito ... Osaka Toyota) because Japanese POS taggers know that TO-YO-TA is an organization name (a kind of proper noun) *:*:location-name, *:*:org-name -> ORGANIZATION,0,0 Since Yokohama Honda and Kyoto Sony ... expression OO-SAKA-SHI-NAI into two words OO-SAKA (= Osaka) and SHINAI (= in the city), but the training data would be tagged as OO-SAKA-SHINAI (= in Osaka City )...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:20

... PROALMA (Honduras), La Liga de la Leche (Guatemala), La Liga de la Leche Materna (Honduras), Asociación Hondure a de Lactancia Materna (AHLACMA), CALMA (El Salvador), the Breast Is Best League ... International Haiti demographic and health survey Calverton, Md, USA: Macro International, 2000 60 Macro International Kazakhstan demographic and health survey Calverton, Md, USA: Macro International, ... Md, USA: Macro International, 1997 63 Macro International Nigeria demographic and health survey Calverton, Md, USA: Macro International, 1999 64 Macro International Malawi demographic and health...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... sentence is a potential garden path in a psych~ logically plausible way The semantic knowledge plays a fundamental role in choosing a particular analysis Milne argues that a one-word lookahead, with ... integrated way all syntactic constraints As stated in the introduction, the authors are developing a N.L interface to a relational data base The lexical analyzer and the access proce dures to ... sentences is motivated by the intended application of the parser In fact it is included in a larger system, which allows the user to interact in natural lan guage with a relational data base (Siklossy,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... (Zhang et al., 2008) in our current implementation 2.2 The SSG -based Translation Model The translation in our SSG -based translation model can be treated as a SSG derivation A derivation consists ... LSTSSG And the conventional decodings of both FSCFG and LSTSSG are spanbased expansion Thus, it would be a natural way for our SSG -based decoder to conduct a spanbased beam search The search procedure ... of a sequence of grammar rule applications To model the derivations as a latent variable, we define the conditional probability distribution over the target translation e and the cor- This relates...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 00:20

... signal absorption spectrum Next, we illustrate how to measure the mass of the particles landing on the NR based on the above discussions Unlike traditional mass spectrometers, nanomechanical mass ... measurement based on our coupled CPB-NR system Numerical results and discussion In what follows, we choose the realistically reasonable parameters to demonstrate the validity of mass sensing based on ... resonance frequency shift The maximization in mass responsivity is obtained if the landing takes places at the position where the resonator’s vibrational amplitude is maximum For the doubly clamped...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... n tasks to n possible candidates on a one-toone basis in an optimal way For this purpose, it has to be taken into account that there are exactly n! ways to assign n tasks to n candidates, and ... specifications for a typical urban area Medina-Acosta and Delgado-Penín EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2011, 2011:71 http://jwcn.eurasipjournals.com/content/2011/1/71 Page ... zeros in a column, an horizontal line is traced The row/column traced is crossed or discarded, and the one-by-one comparison is made once again between the remaining values An illustrative example...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... Boonamnuayvitaya V, Tayamanon C, Sae-Ung S, Tanthapanichakoon W: Synthesis and characterization of porous media produced by a sol-gel method Chem Eng Sci 2006, 61:1686-1691 38 Ichinose I, Kawakami ... antibacterial material Microporous Mesoporous Mater 2000, 39:431-444 Park S-J, Jang Y-S: Preparation and characterization of activated carbon fibers supported with silver metal for antibacterial behavior ... Two-level antibacterial coating with both release-killing and contact-killing capabilities Langmuir 2006, 22:9820-9823 36 JIS Z 2801: Japanese Industrial Standard, Japanese Standard Association 2000...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 04:20

... CNTs in a strong acid with sonication [24] Nafion was purchased from Aldrich and was used without purification The CNT-Nafion solutions were prepared by combining μL Nafion solution and 200 μL ... suspension with sonication for 10 The CNT-Nafion solution was placed on the cantilever electrodes, and an AC voltage of MHz and 10 V peak-to-peak was applied The SWNTs and monomers were aligned ... transistors Anal Bioanal Chem 2006, 384:343 Bernards DA, Malliaras GG: Steady-state and transient behavior of organic electrochemical transistors Adv Funct Mater 2007, 17:3538 Lin P, Yan F, Chan HLW: Ion-sensitive...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 04:20

... fashion some additional specialized states can be defined Figure also shows six additional conditions on six transitions marked as an orange point on the respective transition arrows The reason ... modelled as a mixture of a maximum number N of Gaussians Each Gaussian distribution i is characterized by an estimated mixing weight ωi , a mean value, and a variance The Gaussian distributions are ... mask based on this background model Pixel classification was made taking the pixels whose FSMs were in the states AP and NI, or in the states PAP and PAPAP for a time longer than 800 frames and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 07:20

... ylkim@sogang.ac.kr Email addresses: JS: jihosong@maxwell.snu.ac.kr JHL: jongholee@kongju.ac.kr SCK: sckim@maxwell.snu.ac.kr Abstract It is known that the conventional semi-orthogonal user selection based ... Salz, RD Gitlin, The impact of antenna diversity on the capacity of wireless communication systems IEEE Trans Commun 42(234), 1740–1751 (1994) 18 MA Maddah-Ali, MA Sadrabadi, AK Khandani, Broadcast ... ηk ,a nk ¯ ˜H ¯ (2) i∈S i=k We assume that perfect channel information is available at each MS and that this channel information is fed back to the BS using a feedback link After computing all...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... Garcia, and D Maltoni, “An on- line signature verification system based on fusion of local and global information,” in Proceedings of the 5th IAPR International Conference on Audioand Video -Based ... a signature as a sequence of two time functions, namely, its raw coordinates (x, y) Indeed, raw coordinates are the only time functions available on all sorts of databases, whether acquired on ... Journal on Advances in Signal Processing [16] J.-J Brault and R Plamondon, “How to detect problematic signers for automatic signature verification,” in Proceedings of the International Canadian Conference...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... Inference, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, Calif, USA, 1988 [2] N Friedman, M Linial, I Nachman, and D Pe’er, “Using Bayesian networks to analyze expression data,” Journal of Computational Biology, ... Dean and K Kanazawa, A model for reasoning about persistence and causation,” Computational Intelligence, vol 5, no 2, pp 142–150, 1989 [4] K Murphy, “Dynamic Bayesian networks: representation, ... implies a degree of generality that is violated if we rely upon a user-defined value 2.3 Normalized Maximum Likelihood One alternative that alleviates these drawbacks is to measure codelength based on...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... algorithms have similar computational structures, none of them appears to have a substantial speed advantage [21] As a practical matter, highly optimized realinput FFT libraries are available from many ... consideration and numerical results are not yet available except for particular cases [35] Nevertheless, two main considerations are presented: on one hand, the recursive calculation accumulates ... transforms As DHT and DCT/DST are DFT-related transforms, a common calculation scheme can be presented after we perform some mathematical manipulations 10 EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 20:20