... thegastrointestinaltract Multiple lymphomatous polyposis (MLP) is one ofthe most common primary gastrointestinal presentations of MCL and accounts for approximately about 9% of primary gastrointestinal ... [17] The RCHOP regimen was chosen due to the patient's poor performance status at the time of diagnosis Our patient only received out of planned cycles of R-CHOP due to toxicity Other chemotherapy ... from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images A copy ofthe written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal Competing interests The...
... participated in the sampling EL contributed in the real-time RT-PCR, in the sampling and in the drafting ofthe manuscript ÅK participated in the planning ofthe experiments, drafting ofthe manuscript ... gene versions ofthe PAR-2 receptor Both transcripts are highly expressed in thegastrointestinaltract and the gills In Atlantic salmon fed inclusion levels of SBM the expression ofthe two PAR-2 ... apparatus in thegastrointestinaltract is therefore of utmost importance for the function and wellbeing of all animals SBM induced enteritis Standard qualities of soybean meal (SBM), the most important...
... [21] In the light of these observations, the detoxification systems in the epithelial lining ofthe GI tract deserve further investigation as to their possible etiological roles for forms of PD ... signal in epithelial cells at the base ofthe villi In colon, Aldh1 gene activity was detected in the upper parts ofthe crypts of Lieberkuhn, whereas the lower ¨ parts ofthe crypts, the submucosa ... observed in the epithelial cells ofthe tongue and esophagus, in the gastric glands and at the base ofthe villi in jejunum The apparent signal in the outer keratinized layer ofthe tongue and...
... products of lipid peroxidation [12,13] ADH4, located in the upper part ofthegastrointestinaltract and the luminal part ofthe mucosa, would be in contact with the highest concentrations of ingested ... layers ofthe mucosa The precise colocalization of mRNA, protein and activity demonstrates that these enzymes are present in the same regions where their mRNA is found However, the restriction ofthe ... found in the epithelial cells lining the surface of gastric pits ofthe gastric body (Fig 3F) Detection by IHC confirmed expression of ADH4 in the mucus-secreting cells of pylorus (Fig 3G) Therefore,...
... important for the health ofthe animal and therefore this study could be relevant for aquaculture Furthermore, the presence of different nitrogen cycling bacteria in the GI tractof fish could offer ... probably also the case for other cultured fish Therefore it could be possible to lower the amount of fish meal, one ofthe major components of fish food, in the food for these fish Furthermore, it ... 1991) The combination of a fermentative metabolism together with vitamin production may explain the relevance of Cetobacterium sp in the GI tractof carp Another well represented group within the...
... produced in other parts ofthegastrointestinaltract During grain-based SARA, more starch may enter the lower digestive tract including the ileum and the large intestine where the metabolite profile ... following the entry of endotoxin into blood The bacterial immunogens can also lead to reduced supply of nutrients for synthesis of milk components and depressed functions ofthe epithelial cells in the ... permeability of LPS, a large molecule [21] In the in vitro study of Emmanuel et al [22], LPS increased the permeability ofthe rumen wall, and the rate of LPS translocation across the rumen wall...
... support the validity ofthe Scandinavian language versions ofthe GSRS and the QOLRAD in patients with GERD [41] Future studies could use this approach to further assess the validity ofthe additional ... versions ofthe questionnaires, with the exception ofthe GSRS Reflux and Indigestion domains, which did not correlate with the QOLRAD Food/drink problems domain In the Polish versions ofthe questionnaires, ... the GSRS Reflux, Abdominal pain and Indigestion domains correlated with all QOLRAD domains in the Spanish version ofthe questionnaires Correlation ofthe GSRS with the SF-36 Each domain of the...
... volumes ofthe head and medial surface ofthe hippocampus and the dorsal and ventral surfaces ofthe amygdala Volumes of these subregions declined with age in the GTS group but not in controls, so the ... symptoms Because ofthe dominant hypothesis of tics as a problem ofthemotor CSTC circuit and the dopaminergic system, dopamine antagonist neuroleptics are routinely the main treatment Therefore, ... For all the advances in the medical and life sciences, the brain is perhaps still the least understood organ ofthe human body This is in no way due to the lack of interest or research on the brain...
... people of northern European descent Their diagnosis is obvious when they are visible as glittering particles upon the surface ofthe optic disc However, in many patients they are hidden beneath the ... fulminant papilledema Optic Disc Drusen These are refractile deposits within the substance ofthe optic nerve head (Fig 29-13) They are unrelated to drusen ofthe retina, which occur in age-related ... insidious fashion while the optic nerve develops atrophy In this setting, reduction of optic disc swelling is an ominous sign of a dying nerve rather than an encouraging indication of resolving papilledema...
... viewing light reflected from the fundus with an ophthalmoscope or by examining the dilated eye using the slit lamp The only treatment for cataract is surgical extraction ofthe opacified lens Over ... with chronic elevation of intraocular pressure In Americans of African descent it is the leading cause of blindness The mechanism whereby raised intraocular pressure injures the optic nerve is not ... In our litigious society, the fraudulent pursuit of recompense has spawned an epidemic of factitious visual loss Chronic Visual Loss Cataract This is a clouding ofthe lens sufficient to reduce...
... by administration of panretinal laser photocoagulation at the appropriate point in the evolution ofthe disease For further discussion ofthe manifestations and management of diabetic retinopathy, ... pigmentosa with black clumps of pigment in the retinal periphery known as "bone spicules." There is also atrophy ofthe retinal pigment epithelium, making the vasculature ofthe choroid easily visible ... deposits of clumped pigment in the peripheral retina, called bone spicules because of their vague resemblance to the spicules of cancellous bone, give the disease its name (Fig 29-17) The name...
... of retrobulbar fat, or fracture ofthe orbital floor The position ofthe eyes within the orbits is measured using a Hertel exophthalmometer, a hand-held instrument that records the position of ... be considered if the cause remains unknown after careful review ofthe history and thorough examination ofthe eye Figure 29-18 Proptosis When the globes appear asymmetric, the clinician must ... muscles, particularly the medial rectus and the inferior rectus, account for the protrusion ofthe globe Corneal exposure, lid retraction, conjunctival injection, restriction of gaze, diplopia,...
... limitation of motility The width ofthe palpebral fissures is measured in primary gaze to quantitate the degree of ptosis The ptosis will be underestimated if the patient compensates by lifting the ... dehiscence or stretching ofthe aponeurotic tendon, which connects the levator muscle to the tarsal plate ofthe eyelid It occurs commonly in older patients, presumably from loss of connective tissue ... abnormal drooping ofthe eyelid Unilateral or bilateral ptosis can be congenital, from dysgenesis ofthe levator palpebrae superioris, or from abnormal insertion of its aponeurosis into the eyelid Acquired...
... affecting the innervation to either ofthe two muscles that open the eyelid: Müller's muscle or the levator palpebrae superioris Examination ofthe pupil helps to distinguish between these two ... syndrome, the eye with ptosis has a smaller pupil and the eye movements are full In an oculomotor nerve palsy, the eye with the ptosis has a larger, or a normal, pupil If the pupil is normal but there ... (Diplopia) The first point to clarify is whether diplopia persists in either eye after covering the opposite eye If it does, the diagnosis is monocular diplopia The cause is usually intrinsic to the...
... between the edge ofthe tentorium and the uncus ofthe temporal lobe Oculomotor palsy can also occur from midbrain torsion and hemorrhages during herniation In the cavernous sinus, oculomotor palsy ... Occasionally, a catheter arteriogram must be done to exclude an aneurysm A lesion ofthe oculomotor nucleus in the rostral midbrain produces signs that differ from those caused by a lesion ofthe nerve ... The fourth cranial nerve originates in the midbrain, just caudal to the oculomotor nerve complex Fibers exit the brainstem dorsally and cross to innervate the contralateral superior oblique The...
... generation of saccades to the contralateral side After hemispheric stroke, the eyes usually deviate towards the lesioned side because ofthe unopposed action ofthe frontal eye field in the normal ... 50% of cases Supranuclear Disordersof Gaze These are often mistaken for multiple ocular motor nerve palsies For example, Wernicke's encephalopathy can produce nystagmus and a partial deficit of ... multiple sclerosis are the most common etiologies of brainstem abducens palsy After leaving the ventral pons, the abducens nerve runs forward along the clivus to pierce the dura at the petrous apex,...
... a combined lesion ofthe medial longitudinal fasciculus and the abducens nucleus on the same side The patient's only horizontal eye movement is abduction ofthe eye on the other side Figure 29-19 ... controlled at the level ofthe midbrain The neuronal circuits affected in disordersof vertical gaze are not fully elucidated, but lesions ofthe rostral interstitial nucleus ofthe medial longitudinal ... damage to the medial longitudinal fasciculus ascending from the abducens nucleus in the pons to the oculomotor nucleus in the midbrain (hence, "internuclear") Damage to fibers carrying the conjugate...