motor disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

... the gastrointestinal tract Multiple lymphomatous polyposis (MLP) is one of the most common primary gastrointestinal presentations of MCL and accounts for approximately about 9% of primary gastrointestinal ... [17] The RCHOP regimen was chosen due to the patient's poor performance status at the time of diagnosis Our patient only received out of planned cycles of R-CHOP due to toxicity Other chemotherapy ... from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal Competing interests The...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:21

... participated in the sampling EL contributed in the real-time RT-PCR, in the sampling and in the drafting of the manuscript ÅK participated in the planning of the experiments, drafting of the manuscript ... gene versions of the PAR-2 receptor Both transcripts are highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and the gills In Atlantic salmon fed inclusion levels of SBM the expression of the two PAR-2 ... apparatus in the gastrointestinal tract is therefore of utmost importance for the function and wellbeing of all animals SBM induced enteritis Standard qualities of soybean meal (SBM), the most important...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:22

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2016, 13:26

... [21] In the light of these observations, the detoxification systems in the epithelial lining of the GI tract deserve further investigation as to their possible etiological roles for forms of PD ... signal in epithelial cells at the base of the villi In colon, Aldh1 gene activity was detected in the upper parts of the crypts of Lieberkuhn, whereas the lower ¨ parts of the crypts, the submucosa ... observed in the epithelial cells of the tongue and esophagus, in the gastric glands and at the base of the villi in jejunum The apparent signal in the outer keratinized layer of the tongue and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... products of lipid peroxidation [12,13] ADH4, located in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract and the luminal part of the mucosa, would be in contact with the highest concentrations of ingested ... layers of the mucosa The precise colocalization of mRNA, protein and activity demonstrates that these enzymes are present in the same regions where their mRNA is found However, the restriction of the ... found in the epithelial cells lining the surface of gastric pits of the gastric body (Fig 3F) Detection by IHC confirmed expression of ADH4 in the mucus-secreting cells of pylorus (Fig 3G) Therefore,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:22

... important for the health of the animal and therefore this study could be relevant for aquaculture Furthermore, the presence of different nitrogen cycling bacteria in the GI tract of fish could offer ... probably also the case for other cultured fish Therefore it could be possible to lower the amount of fish meal, one of the major components of fish food, in the food for these fish Furthermore, it ... 1991) The combination of a fermentative metabolism together with vitamin production may explain the relevance of Cetobacterium sp in the GI tract of carp Another well represented group within the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

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Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 18:21

... produced in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract During grain-based SARA, more starch may enter the lower digestive tract including the ileum and the large intestine where the metabolite profile ... following the entry of endotoxin into blood The bacterial immunogens can also lead to reduced supply of nutrients for synthesis of milk components and depressed functions of the epithelial cells in the ... permeability of LPS, a large molecule [21] In the in vitro study of Emmanuel et al [22], LPS increased the permeability of the rumen wall, and the rate of LPS translocation across the rumen wall...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... support the validity of the Scandinavian language versions of the GSRS and the QOLRAD in patients with GERD [41] Future studies could use this approach to further assess the validity of the additional ... versions of the questionnaires, with the exception of the GSRS Reflux and Indigestion domains, which did not correlate with the QOLRAD Food/drink problems domain In the Polish versions of the questionnaires, ... the GSRS Reflux, Abdominal pain and Indigestion domains correlated with all QOLRAD domains in the Spanish version of the questionnaires Correlation of the GSRS with the SF-36 Each domain of the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... volumes of the head and medial surface of the hippocampus and the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the amygdala Volumes of these subregions declined with age in the GTS group but not in controls, so the ... symptoms Because of the dominant hypothesis of tics as a problem of the motor CSTC circuit and the dopaminergic system, dopamine antagonist neuroleptics are routinely the main treatment Therefore, ... For all the advances in the medical and life sciences, the brain is perhaps still the least understood organ of the human body This is in no way due to the lack of interest or research on the brain...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 11:20

... people of northern European descent Their diagnosis is obvious when they are visible as glittering particles upon the surface of the optic disc However, in many patients they are hidden beneath the ... fulminant papilledema Optic Disc Drusen These are refractile deposits within the substance of the optic nerve head (Fig 29-13) They are unrelated to drusen of the retina, which occur in age-related ... insidious fashion while the optic nerve develops atrophy In this setting, reduction of optic disc swelling is an ominous sign of a dying nerve rather than an encouraging indication of resolving papilledema...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... viewing light reflected from the fundus with an ophthalmoscope or by examining the dilated eye using the slit lamp The only treatment for cataract is surgical extraction of the opacified lens Over ... with chronic elevation of intraocular pressure In Americans of African descent it is the leading cause of blindness The mechanism whereby raised intraocular pressure injures the optic nerve is not ... In our litigious society, the fraudulent pursuit of recompense has spawned an epidemic of factitious visual loss Chronic Visual Loss Cataract This is a clouding of the lens sufficient to reduce...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... by administration of panretinal laser photocoagulation at the appropriate point in the evolution of the disease For further discussion of the manifestations and management of diabetic retinopathy, ... pigmentosa with black clumps of pigment in the retinal periphery known as "bone spicules." There is also atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, making the vasculature of the choroid easily visible ... deposits of clumped pigment in the peripheral retina, called bone spicules because of their vague resemblance to the spicules of cancellous bone, give the disease its name (Fig 29-17) The name...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... of retrobulbar fat, or fracture of the orbital floor The position of the eyes within the orbits is measured using a Hertel exophthalmometer, a hand-held instrument that records the position of ... be considered if the cause remains unknown after careful review of the history and thorough examination of the eye Figure 29-18 Proptosis When the globes appear asymmetric, the clinician must ... muscles, particularly the medial rectus and the inferior rectus, account for the protrusion of the globe Corneal exposure, lid retraction, conjunctival injection, restriction of gaze, diplopia,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... limitation of motility The width of the palpebral fissures is measured in primary gaze to quantitate the degree of ptosis The ptosis will be underestimated if the patient compensates by lifting the ... dehiscence or stretching of the aponeurotic tendon, which connects the levator muscle to the tarsal plate of the eyelid It occurs commonly in older patients, presumably from loss of connective tissue ... abnormal drooping of the eyelid Unilateral or bilateral ptosis can be congenital, from dysgenesis of the levator palpebrae superioris, or from abnormal insertion of its aponeurosis into the eyelid Acquired...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... affecting the innervation to either of the two muscles that open the eyelid: Müller's muscle or the levator palpebrae superioris Examination of the pupil helps to distinguish between these two ... syndrome, the eye with ptosis has a smaller pupil and the eye movements are full In an oculomotor nerve palsy, the eye with the ptosis has a larger, or a normal, pupil If the pupil is normal but there ... (Diplopia) The first point to clarify is whether diplopia persists in either eye after covering the opposite eye If it does, the diagnosis is monocular diplopia The cause is usually intrinsic to the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... between the edge of the tentorium and the uncus of the temporal lobe Oculomotor palsy can also occur from midbrain torsion and hemorrhages during herniation In the cavernous sinus, oculomotor palsy ... Occasionally, a catheter arteriogram must be done to exclude an aneurysm A lesion of the oculomotor nucleus in the rostral midbrain produces signs that differ from those caused by a lesion of the nerve ... The fourth cranial nerve originates in the midbrain, just caudal to the oculomotor nerve complex Fibers exit the brainstem dorsally and cross to innervate the contralateral superior oblique The...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... generation of saccades to the contralateral side After hemispheric stroke, the eyes usually deviate towards the lesioned side because of the unopposed action of the frontal eye field in the normal ... 50% of cases Supranuclear Disorders of Gaze These are often mistaken for multiple ocular motor nerve palsies For example, Wernicke's encephalopathy can produce nystagmus and a partial deficit of ... multiple sclerosis are the most common etiologies of brainstem abducens palsy After leaving the ventral pons, the abducens nerve runs forward along the clivus to pierce the dura at the petrous apex,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... a combined lesion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus and the abducens nucleus on the same side The patient's only horizontal eye movement is abduction of the eye on the other side Figure 29-19 ... controlled at the level of the midbrain The neuronal circuits affected in disorders of vertical gaze are not fully elucidated, but lesions of the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal ... damage to the medial longitudinal fasciculus ascending from the abducens nucleus in the pons to the oculomotor nucleus in the midbrain (hence, "internuclear") Damage to fibers carrying the conjugate...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21