molecules and meaning in the growth cone

... about the extracellular environment into signaling networks within the growth cone These networks in turn regulate the cytoskeletal and adhesive dynamics of the growth cone, translating the extracellular ... tissues, including brain, retina, somites, and trunk In our hands, the independent manipulation of the electrodes and the insertion of one electrode into the embryo led to frequent lethality and difficulty ... previously in the zebrafish (Castro et al., 2006; Devine and Key, 2003) and in other species (Buckley and Kelly, 1985), and their specificity is well established The pattern of staining obtained here...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 10:34

... scaffolding protein that on one hand links transmembrane TJ proteins to the actin cytoskeleton and, on the other hand, recruits other scaffolding proteins as well as proteins involved in signaling ... strands are continually reorganized in the plane 34 of membrane, breaking and reassociating in an end-to-side and side-to-side fashion within minutes, always maintaining the integrity of the ... group and this loop is also referred to as a carboxylate-binding loop The last four residues in the C-terminus of the peptide ligand interact directly with the peptide-binding groove The main chain...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:31

... forming eight b-sheets [23] The motif was noted on the basis of homology with the C-terminal region of meprins A and B and the TRAF-C domain, and, like the BTB domain, facilitates protein–protein ... exclusively in the pollen Siliques were stained at the base and at the tip, with overall very weak staining of the fused carpels In the root, the central cylinder was stained, whereas the primary ... stamen and stigmata In proBPM6:GUS lines, we saw GUS expression in the vascular tissue of cotyledons and mature leaves, whereas, in the flowers, the anthers, connectives and filaments and the base and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 06:20

... of the initiator ATG in exon (Ex1) of the 67 exon-containing htt gene [5] Pathogenesis in HD correlates with the cleavage of mutated htt and the release of an N-terminal fragment bearing the ... arrow indicates the position of the more intensively oxidized polypeptide in the assay The bracket underlines the domain (molecular mass range 10–40 kDa) of the oxyblots that contains the greatest ... abolished the increase in NO• levels In contrast, Hsps were not efficient in httEx1-103Q-EGFP-expressing cells, but NAC did abolish the NO• increase induced by both httEx1- Huntingtin inclusions and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20

... (p0), the peptide (0.1–2 lm) was injected into the subphase, and the increment in surface pressure of the LPS film upon intercalation of the peptide dissolved in the subphase was monitored for the ... microbes present in the inoculum Afterwards, to examine the killing activity of Esc(1–18) against E coli and to determine whether this process was affected by the ionic strength of the incubation medium, ... the permeability of the IM of E coli, · 106 cells were mixed with lm SYTOX Green in NaCl ⁄ Pi for in the dark After addition of peptide, the increase in fluorescence, owing to the binding of the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:20

... All the conditions used for the binding reactions and the EMSA, including temperature of binding and the concentration of protein fractions and oligoprobes were standardized prior to proceeding ... were crosslinked in the gel and the bands were then excised and eluted from the gel matrix The eluted protein-forming complexes were fractionated by SDS/PAGE in 12% gels (Fig 1E) and exposed ... subunit of the conserved single-stranded binding protein, replication protein A (Rpa1) of Leishmania spp., whereas the  35 kDa protein with LaGT2 activity was homologous to the RNAbinding protein characterized...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... protein interacting with Nop17p, which is involved in the early steps of prerRNA processing [28] Nop17p and Nop53p interacted in the two-hybrid system independently of the tag, but the interaction ... that is involved in processing of 27S preRNA [6,7,9] The interaction between Nop53p and Nip7p in the two-hybrid system confirms the finding of these two proteins in the pre60S complex The two-hybrid ... Nhp2p and Nop10p and function in the conversion of uridine into pseudouridine [17–23] In addition to the core snoRNP proteins, other proteins have been found to be associated with the snoRNPs and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... closely matches the observed mass of the sequenced bands on the gel (Fig 2) indicating the protein was proteolytically cleaved All of the glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase inhibitory activity ... purification and identification of 14-3-3 proteins as the NR inhibitor protein, NIP, we reported ‘‘another protein that interfered with the NIP-14-3-3 assay, and that was eluted in the 0.2 M NaCl ... determined by amino acid sequencing of the  70 and  47 kDa proteins seen in Fig 2C Similarly, both proteins bound to AMP-Sepharose (not shown) The fractions from the final Mono-S column containing...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... from the X-ray structure of the C-terminal domain of Ure2p and integrates the finding that the N-terminal domain of Ure2p is flexible An enlargement of the region of Ure2p involved in the interaction ... Location of the mono-linked and loop-linked lysines in Ure2p and Ssa1p Peptides containing modified and loop-linked lysine are colored magenta in Ssa1p (A) and Ure2p (B–D) structures Loop-linked residues ... region and its surroundings are involved in the Ure2p fibrillar scaffold Results Analysis of the intact cross-linked protein complexes The cross-linking conditions were optimized using SDS ⁄ PAGE The...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 00:20

... evolution of the penta-EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins Biochim Biophys Acta 1600, 51–60 Maki M & Shibata H (2007) The penta-EF-hand protein ALG-2 and its interacting ptoteins Calcium Binding Proteins 2, ... ESCRTs and their associated proteins are conserved from yeast to humans, and function in the sorting of ubiquitinated cargoes into intraluminal vesicles that are generated by inward budding of the ... 20 min, quenched in 50 mm NH4Cl in NaCl ⁄ Pi for 15 min, and permeabilized in 0.1% (w ⁄ v) Triton X-100 in NaCl ⁄ Pi for After blocking with 0.1% (w ⁄ v) gelatin in NaCl ⁄ Pi for 30 min, the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... peptide of nine amino acid residues, DWEDRYYRE, of the murine ⁄ rat prion protein (amino acids 144–152) was incorporated into an immunogenic surface loop of the L1 major capsid protein of bovine papillomavirus ... lysed, and then subjected to proteinase K digestion and immunoprecipitation A deglycosylation step was included to reduce the PrPSc and PrPC glycoforms to one single band, as described in detail in ... advantageous as a vaccine carrier, comprising nonreplicating subunit vaccines that have proven to be safe and highly effective in thousands of vaccinees [21] Papillomavirus L1 has the intrinsic capacity...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... are shown in A and B with yellow color indicating colocalization, red color indicating mycRab4Q67L, and green color indicating EGFPfused proteins The black -and white insets in panels A¢ and B¢ shows ... further supported by results of GST pull-down experiments Interestingly, both the deletion found in the Rabaptin-5d polypeptide chain and the Rab4 binding site of Rabaptin-5 are located in the ... al Fig Mapping of the Rab4 binding site in Rabaptin-5 using the yeast two-hybrid protein–protein interaction assay Indicated fragments of Rabaptin-5 (Rn5), Rabaptin-5d (Rn5d) or Rabaptin-5c (Rn5c)...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... to in uence the surface activity of actin towards other actin binding proteins The site of binding of the inhibitory region is the N-terminal of actin that is structurally linked to the C-terminal ... tropomyosin on the inhibitory region of TnI The binding affinity of the myosin loop peptide hcM398–414 to F-actin and F-actin–tropomyosin was initially determined from the changes in intrinsic tryptophan ... tropomyosin 18 ± Interaction of the myosin light chain N-terminal peptide with actin and reversal by the TnI inhibitory peptide The effect of the IP on the interaction with F-actin of the myosin light...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... another band of 82 kDa when the MREa-protein band from the EMSA was excised from the native gel and resolved by SDS/PAGE (unpublished data) We purified the MREa-binding proteins using the avidin–biotin ... CGATCGGGGCGGGGCGAGC-3¢ (underlined bases denote the functional core of the MREs and the Sp1 binding element, and the mutated bases are indicated by italic type) Western blot analysis The MREa-binding proteins purified ... Because the T1 and C3 nucleotides within the MRE consensus heptamers are major determinants in the sequence-specific binding of zinc activated protein (ZAP) [39], and because single point mutations...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20

... black shading; gray shading shows identity The number of residues corresponds to that of ablomin The underline in ablomin, tri in, latisemin, and tigrin shows the amino-acid residues determined by ... on the left Lanes and show ablomin (26 and 29.7 kDa), lanes and show tri in (23 and 29 kDa), lanes and show latisemin (28 kDa each), and lanes and show tigrin (28 and 30 kDa) The numbers on the ... Biosystems protein sequencers (models 473 A and 477) cDNA cloning of proteins The cDNAs encoding tigrin, ablomin, and latisemin were obtained using the RT-PCR method Typically, venom gland total RNA...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 01:20

... arrangement of polyamines In Fig 3, the NMR-spectra of the single polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) dissolved in D2O (A) or in D2O phosphate buffer (B) are shown The Fig In vitro aggregation ... differences in multiplicity of signals and in peak wideness The observed variations in chemical shift and in the width, shape and number of signals, due to the different proton exchange and the spin–spin ... containing 0.15 M NaCl) The concentration of polyamines was 10 mgÆmL)1 Peaks and of spermine and 2, and of spermidine changed in chemical shift and signal multiplicity when these polyamines were...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:21

... (pecluvirus) amino acid sequences Alignment of the N-terminus is not exact since the PCV and IPCV proteins are N-terminally truncated Within the N-terminal half, there are additional positions containing ... genome and a mutation in the TBSV P19 ORF eliminating expression of a protein that suppresses RNA silencing [10,42] The plasmid pTBSV.GFP contains GFP inserted into the TBSV genome replacing the ... on the RNA silencing machinery to block spread of the silencing signal into newly emerging leaves In each case, the silencing suppressor activities of these CRPs have been compared to CMV and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... co-principle investigator for funding with collaborator B S Seal at the Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, ARS, USDA in Athens, GA, USA who completed writing and final editing of the manuscript ... cells was determined to be × 10-9 ml/min Phage PV22 did not produce lytic cells in medium containing C jejuni strains At the same time, it was demonstrated by a spot test that the growth of C jejuni ... sampling drainage sewage waters in the Moscow region of the Russian Federation by standard procedures utilizing a Proteus vulgaris strain as a host [22,25] Bacterial cultures of P vulgaris strain...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... estimation of the fraction of the intracellular proteins that were recovered in the virions To examine the potential role of the amino terminus of endophilin in incorporation, a mutant lacking the first ... between the matrix and capsid domains [15-17] In lentiviruses, the L domains have distinct motifs - PTAPP in HIV-1 [18,19] and YXXL (in the single-letter amino-acid code where X is any amino acid) in ... g/ml, and comigrating with capsid in fractions 9, 10, and 11 We not know the origin of the doublet of proteins, though the faster-migrating one of the pair of bands comigrates with the single...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:20