molecular mechanisms of estrogen action in target tissues

... using lipofectamine Sixteen hours post-transfection, the cells were washed, trypsinized and split at ratio of in 10, in 100 and in 1000 into selective media containing 100 μg/mL of hygromycin ... contained 143.3 mg/g of icariin, 0.157 mg/g of icariside I, 18.68 mg/g of icariside II, 0.009 mg/g of icaritin, and 0.122 mg/g of desmethylicaritin, respectively Following Epimedium administration, ... human subject in this study consumed 500 mL of decoction containing icariin: 12.6 mg, icaritin: 0.75 mg, and desmethylicaritin: 0.19 mg A single dose of 50 g per subject was chosen according to calculations...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:48

... Combinatorial effects of binary mixtures of estradiol with genistein and Epimedium prenylflavonoids To study combinatorial effects of flavonoids and estradiol, binary mixtures containing increasing ... cell line 101 Figure 17: ERα combinatorial effects of binary mixtures of estradiol with genistein and Epimedium prenylflavonoids ERα stable cells were incubated with increasing doses of genistein ... dose-dependent increases in serum estrogenicity were detected when cells were incubated with increasing doses of testosterone in the presence of estradiol (Fig 20) This increase was due to the conversion of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:54

... derivatives, genistin and naringin not bind to the sex 201 hormone-binding globulin Hence, it is not likely that icaritin will bind to the sex hormone-binding globulin protein found in serum The late ... effectiveness in sera of the decoction when administered orally Ingestion of a defined Epimedium decoction resulted in a 6% increase in ERα AUC effect over baseline in the subjects The increase in Epimedium ... low ERα affinity of quercetin in serum is not surprising, considering that quercetin binds extensively to serum proteins (Boulton et al., 1999) Reflecting these changes in relative affinity, transactivation...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:54

... ascertain whether the ingestion of estrogenic prenylflavonoids from Epimedium for the purpose of maintaining bone health can increase risk of ERα-positive breast cancer Interestingly, icaritin, ... done by introducing natural ERα or ERβ-driven promoters in bone, endometrium, and breast cell lines to obtain promoter specific markers of SERM activity Examinations of various end-points in these ... (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate significantly increased the biochanin A area under the plasma concentration versus time curve in rats in both intravenous and oral administration of biochanin A According to...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:54

... flavanone aglycones hesperetin and naringenin after single oral administration in human subjects Eur J Clin Nutr 61(4):472-7 Klinge, C.M 2000 Estrogen receptor interaction with co-activators and ... determination of serum estrogenic bioactivity in children J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:791–797 Pasqualini, J.R 2005 Enzymes involved in the formation and transformation of steroid hormones in the ... Ma, D.F., Qin, L.Q., Wang, P.Y and Katoh, R 2008 Soy isoflavone intake increases bone mineral density in the spine of menopausal women: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Clin Nutr 27(1):57–64...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:54

... [99,100] Notably, blocking of the renin-angiotensin pathway reduced the worsening of disease induced by injection of Spike protein in mice [100] Thus, non-classical pathogen-recognizing transmembranous ... human NLR family, currently consisting of 22 proteins, contains NALP (NACHT-, LRR-, and pyrin domaincontaining proteins), NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain), CIITA (class II transactivator), ... cellular processes by loosening the DNAhistone interaction and unmasking of transcription factor binding sites [188] In chromatin, 146 base pairs of DNA are wrapped in 1.65 turns around a histone...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:20

... and loss of occludin and claudin-5 correlates with areas of monocytes infiltration [85] Such modifications of molecules involved in BBB structure are also found in the brain of SIV-infected macaques ... CCR5 in HBMECs which in turn may have enhanced the toxic interaction with the viral envelope protein [88] Interestingly, alterations in the BBB occur even in the absence of intact virus in transgenic ... Thus the condition of the BBB may potentially determine continuing or repeated neuroinvasion during the course of HIV disease However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV neuroinvasion are only...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... the finding of in vivo reactivation of these infected macrophages in response to opportunistic infections is in favor of macrophages as HIV-1 reservoirs [46,47] Finally, resident macrophages of ... which induces trimethylation of lysine from H3 therefore allowing the recruitment of heterochromatin protein (HP1), heterochromatin formation and HIV-1 silencing (figure 2) Interestingly, by using ... HIV-1 replication in latently promonocytic cells by increasing the ratio of Sp1/Sp3 [100] Serpin B2, a serine protease inhibitor induced in activated monocytes and macrophages during inflammation...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... 1.2 Intrinsic Protein Disorder in Protein-Protein Interactions Many proteins execute their biological functions through protein-protein interactions By binding to interacting partners, proteins ... thus leading to extremely complicated protein-protein interaction networks 1.7 Importance of MoRF Mechanisms in Hub Proteins Independent of their roles in hub protein interactions, intrinsically ... Modifications in One-to-Many Binding 56 3.2 Many-to-One Binding 59 3.2.1 Peptide-Protein Interactions and Protein-Protein Interactions .61 3.2.2 Binding Profiles: Independent...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 09:56

... protein kinase C induces serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor and IRS-1, which inhibits the insulin signalling 14 IRS-1 plays a pivotal role in insulin signalling In its N-terminus, contains ... protein kinase C induces serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor and IRS-1, which inhibits the insulin signalling (Figure 1.2) 13 Figure 1.2 Insulin signalling system in skeletal muscle Insulin ... mechanism of action to (i) increase insulin release, (ii) increase insulin responsiveness and (iii) modify intestinal absorption of carbohydrate In addition, insulin injection is also often used...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:01

... ARE-containing cytokine mRNAs interact with AUF1 factors, and this interaction targets them for degradation Pin1 interferes with this interaction, and hence stimulates cytokine production In the resting ... novel interaction surfaces for two distinct molecular partners [6], and the conformation of a proline in the linker region between two SH3 domains of the Crp adaptor protein determines the autoinhibition ... et al Molecular mechanisms of Pin1 R12 S13 W29 R99 W82 Q78 Fig Molecular surface (left) and ribbon diagrams (right) of the Pin1 WW domain (top) or CKS (p13Suc1) interaction domain Color coding...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... new interdependencies created by the combination of different elements and it is rooted in a change in the capacity of seeing and perceiving relationships more than in an increased capacity in ... account for innovation-by-exaptation Indeed, while re-combination was essential in providing the raw material from which exaptation originated in the case examined (e.g generating new interactions ... a process of making connections among different problem domains (e.g combining alternatives generated in the domain of fund-raising with alternatives generated in the domain of design) This process...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20

... an interaction of PrPC with accessory proteins, such as transmembrane proteins involved in PrP-induced signaling Alternatively, deletion of the HD could indirectly affect intermolecular interactions ... or a combination of both (Fig 1) In the following, such in vivo models are described which address certain aspects of membrane topology, folding, intracellular targeting and trafficking of PrP The ... basolaterally, indicating that this domain acts as a dominant sorting signal Vice versa, Dpl or PrPC lacking the HD were found mainly at the apical surface of MDCK cells [36] An interesting activity of PrPC...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 09:20

... understanding of the dynamic system to obtain an interpretation of the biochemical nature of the activating and inhibiting modes In essence, we this by mapping the measured phase and amplitude data of ... Annotations of the major components (B) Interpretation of the data discussed in the text In this panel, the phases of ATP and G6P have been ipped 180, indicating the relative phases of the minima of their ... dehydrogenase reaction in the case of DHAP and for the ADH reaction in the case of Pyr) C and F show another possible interpretation of the data; in this case the activating mode is abundance of FBP and...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 16:20

... speaking, orbits are “critical points” of the action “functional” h(ξi , ξi+1 ) (ξi )i∈Z → i∈Z In this section, we are interested in minima, i.e in points which minimize the action This, of course, ... antipodal point However, under certain circumstances there may well be action minimizing trajectories The investigation of these minimal objects is one of the central topics of the present work In fact, ... the action of a sequence (ξi )i∈Z to finite parts In analogy to the classical Principle of Least Action, we define minimal orbits in such a way that they minimize the action with the end points...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 16:50

... of Translational Medicine 2008, 6:74 Introduction Every year in China, about 30,000 children, compared to 840 in UK and one of every one thousand infants in US, are born with congenital hearing ... Huang D, Han D: Molecular etiology of patients with nonsyndromic hearing loss from deaf-muta schools in 18 provinces of China Chinese Journalof Otology 2006, 4:1-5 Cohen MM, Gorlin RJ: Epidemiology, ... or in combination with an incomplete partition of the apical turn of the cochlea as part of Mondini deformity PS is differentiated from nonsyndromic hearing loss with EVA by the presence of goiter,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... Neuroserpin was used as a continuous variable since there was a linearity of the odds ratios for outcome The influence of neuroserpin decrease at 24 h on serum levels of molecular markers of brain injury ... defined as neuroserpin decrease All determinations were carried out in a laboratory blind to the clinical outcome and neuroimaging findings Endpoints The primary endpoint was the decrease of ... http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/9/1/58 our group obtained after investigating neuroserpin effects using an in vitro model of brain ischemia [40] The information reported here regarding biomarkers...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... cassavagrowing areas of Tanzania in an effort towards identifying, determining molecular variability and mapping the distribution of CMGs In addition, because East Africa seems to be unusually rich in ... reported in East Africa, we investigated the extent of inter-CMG recombinations and examined their role in the evolution of CMGs in Africa Results Assessment of CMD symptoms Over 80% of the cassava ... mentioned in other general studies of geminivirus recombination [14] as well as in specific studies of particular groups of geminiviruses [20] Two categories of CMGs in Africa Based on recombination...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Neuroserpin was used as a continuous variable since there was a linearity of the odds ratios for outcome The influence of neuroserpin decrease at 24 h on serum levels of molecular markers of brain injury ... defined as neuroserpin decrease All determinations were carried out in a laboratory blind to the clinical outcome and neuroimaging findings Endpoints The primary endpoint was the decrease of ... http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/9/1/58 our group obtained after investigating neuroserpin effects using an in vitro model of brain ischemia [40] The information reported here regarding biomarkers...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... cassavagrowing areas of Tanzania in an effort towards identifying, determining molecular variability and mapping the distribution of CMGs In addition, because East Africa seems to be unusually rich in ... reported in East Africa, we investigated the extent of inter-CMG recombinations and examined their role in the evolution of CMGs in Africa Results Assessment of CMD symptoms Over 80% of the cassava ... mentioned in other general studies of geminivirus recombination [14] as well as in specific studies of particular groups of geminiviruses [20] Two categories of CMGs in Africa Based on recombination...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20