molecular mechanisms of action

... of action of some FP methods We did not state the mechanism of action of any FP methods and thus asked women to express their beliefs independently of their actual choices and independently of ... hypothetical method of FP In further sections women were asked about their knowledge of the mechanism of action of specific FP methods and if doctors or providers should explain the details of how a method ... attitudes for postfertilization effects The purpose of our study was to assess the attitudes about the mechanisms of action of FP in terms of whether these may influence a woman's decision to...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 06:20

... well as in the molecular mechanisms of effector protein secretion This minireview describes the composition of the cagPAI and the properties of both conserved and unique components of the Cag-T4SS, ... into various host cells is a hallmark of CagT4SS activity Despite the molecular characterization of a number of effects in host cells, the exact function of CagA translocation during infection ... that might constitute the functional CagA signal recognition receptor Mechanisms of CagA translocation The molecular mechanisms of CagA translocation through the secretion apparatus are only poorly...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 00:21

... molecular mechanisms of the enzyme action Most importantly, we want to critically review the evidence that Pin1 would or would not act as a prolyl cis ⁄ trans isomerase Molecular mechanisms of ... et al Molecular mechanisms of Pin1 tPro213 Fig NOESY spectrum of the triply phosphorylated SRSRpT212PpS214LPpT217PPTR peptide of Tau The cis conformation for the Pro219 is below the limit of detection ... 2007 FEBS 5215 Molecular mechanisms of Pin1 G Lippens et al populations, as one of the forms would continuously disappear from the pool of free peptides Structural characterization of the MPM-2...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... humans of antioxidant effects following consumption of anthocyanins are less definitive Much of the early work on anthocyanins has resulted from studies 14 PHYTOCHEMICALS: MECHANISMS OF ACTION of ... Table 1.1 Distribution of anthocyanins in common foods.a PHYTOCHEMICALS: MECHANISMS OF ACTION ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM OF ANTHOCYANINS ANTIOXIDANT AND OTHER BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ANTHOCYANINS IN ... segments of the gut h after consumption of black raspberry More than 50% of all anthocyanins seem to be degraded within h of consumption of a meal Thus, it seems clear that more than 50% of the...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:04

... any part of a host organism In general, the type of disease produced by a particular microbe is often a direct consequence of its route of entry into the body The most common sites of entry are ... presence of potentially pathogenic microbes in or on a host), infection (attachment and growth of pathogens and avoidance of host defenses), and disease (often, but not always, the result of activities ... the skin Ingestion, inhalation, and sexual contact are typical routes of microbial entry Other portals of entry include sites of skin injury (cuts, bites, burns, trauma) along with injection via...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... and histocompatibility major class I antigens Bacterial Pathogens Neisseria spp Pili Membrane cofactor protein (CD46) Pseudomonas Pili and flagella Asialo-GM1 Lipopolysaccharide Cystic aeruginosa...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... residues on globosides of the human P blood groups Both of these types of pili have proteins located at the tips of the main pilus unit that are critical to the binding specificity of the whole pilus ... of the organism (polar pili) or distributed more evenly over the surface An individual cell may have pili with a variety of functions Most pili are made up of a major pilin protein subunit (molecular ... micrographic images of fixed cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Flagella (A) and pili (B) projecting out from the bacterial poles can be seen C and D Atomic force microscopic image of live P aeruginosa...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... Binding of the highly conserved Staphylococcus aureus surface protein clumping factor A (ClfA) to fibrinogen has been implicated in many aspects of pathogenesis The conserved outer-core portion of ... surface polysaccharide composed of poly-N- acetylglucosamine One function of this polysaccharide is to promote binding to materials used in catheters and other types of implanted devices; poly-Nacetylglucosamine ... adherence of pathogenic Candida to host tissues These adhesins are expressed under certain environmental conditions (often associated with stress) and are crucial for pathogenesis of fungal infections...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... several examples of microbial biofilm growth associated with human disease Many other pathogens can form biofilms during in vitro growth, and it is increasingly accepted that this mode of growth contributes ... grow The growth of viral pathogens entering skin or mucosal epithelial cells can be limited by a variety of host genetic factors, including production of interferons, modulation of receptors for ... microbial virulence and induction of disease Avoidance of Innate Host Defenses As microbes have probably interacted with mucosal/epithelial surfaces since the emergence of multicellular organisms,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... be primarily a manifestation of host defense, resulting in bacterial clearance by both shedding of epithelial cells containing internalized bacteria and initiation of a protective and nonpathogenic ... most severe cases of cystic fibrosis The major clinical consequence is chronic airway-surface infection with P aeruginosa in 80–90% of patients with cystic fibrosis The failure of airway epithelial ... to ingest and promote the removal of P aeruginosa via a properly regulated inflammatory response has been proposed as a key component of the hypersusceptibility of these patients to chronic airway...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... structure of the microbial constituents that elicit inflammation, and detailed knowledge of these structures for bacterial pathogens has contributed greatly to our understanding of molecular mechanisms ... bacteria and by the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is to elaborate large -molecular- weight surface polysaccharide antigens, often in the form of a capsule that coats the cell surface Most ... greatly to our understanding of molecular mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis (Fig 114-3) One of the best-studied systems involves the interaction of LPS from gram-negative bacteria and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... However, it is now appreciated that some of the TLRs (e.g., TLR3 and TLR4) can activate signal transduction via an MyD88-independent pathway Additional Interactions of Microbial Pathogens and Phagocytes ... recognition of acylated microbial proteins and peptides The myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) molecule is a generalized adaptor protein that binds to the cytoplasmic domains of all known ... known TLRs and also to receptors that are part of the IL-1 receptor (IL-1Rc) family Numerous studies have shown that MyD88-mediated transduction of signals from TLRs and IL-1Rc is critical for...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... toxin production is one of the best-characterized molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, while host factors such as IL-1, TNF-α, kinins, inflammatory proteins, products of complement activation, ... processing of the protein toxin by antigen-presenting cells Part of this process involves stimulation of the antigen-presenting cells to produce IL-1 and TNF-α, which have been implicated in many of ... target cells by means of a complex set of proteins referred to as the type III secretion system Loss or inactivation of this virulence system usually greatly reduces the capacity of a bacterial pathogen...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... symptoms of septic shock The severity of septic shock is associated with the degree of production of host effectors Disease due to intracellular parasitism results from the formation of granulomas, ... provoke the formation of an abscess, probably because of the presence of zwitterionic surface polysaccharides such as the capsular polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis The outcome of an infection ... mechanism of microbial virulence is the ability of some organisms to present the capsule as an apparent self antigen through molecular mimicry For example, the polysialic acid capsule of group...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... in the formation of infectious foci In summary, the molecular mechanisms used by pathogens to colonize, invade, infect, and disrupt the host are numerous and diverse Each phase of the infectious ... recognition of viral infection Nat Immunol 7:131, 2006 [PMID: 16424890] Knirel YA et al: Structural features and structural variability of the lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague ... infectious process involves a variety of microbial and host factors interacting in a manner that can result in disease Recognition of the coordinated genetic regulation of virulence factor elaboration...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... acid in osteoarthritis of the knee: an investigation into mechanisms of action Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1994, 2:133-140 55 Kikuchi T, Yamada H, Shimmei M: Effect of high molecular weight hyaluronan ... Onaya J, Abe M, Miyazaki K, Hamai A, Horie K, Tokuyasu K: Effects of the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid and its action mechanisms on experimental joint pain in rats Ann Rheum Dis 1993, 52:817-822 ... of 2.02 × 106 than HA with a MW of 9.5 × 105 [102] Similarly, the histology of articular cartilage and synovial tissue was significantly better with an HA of MW = 2.02 × 106 than with an HA of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:21

... Specificity of TLR signalling The specificity of TLR signalling depends on their cell typespecific expression, the potential for heterodimerization of certain TLRs, and on a group of cytoplasmic ... (NF)-κB or members of the IFN-regulatory factor family [39] A detailed description of TLR signalling is beyond the scope of this article, so the reader is referred to one of the excellent in ... dendritic cells and control of regulatory T cells In vertebrates, autoreactive T cells are kept under tight control by a number of mechanisms, including the suppressive effect of regulatory T cells...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... activity of p-BSQ at different stages of purification was monitored by measuring the formation of nmoles of carbonyl produced per mg BSA after incubation with one mg dry weight of each fraction ... Bcl-2 of the lung extracts of guinea pigs exposed to air or CS supplemented with A, Immunoblots of caspase 3, PARP, A, Immunoblots of caspase 3, PARP, Bax and Bcl-2 of the lung extracts of guinea ... panel: Immunoblots of the DNP-derivatives of lung proteins of guinea pigs exposed to smoke from 1, and cigaA, Upper panel: Immunoblots of the DNP-derivatives of lung proteins of guinea pigs exposed...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:22

... global burden of pneumonia, the increasing number of antibiotic- resistant bacteria, and the emergence of new pulmonary pathogens into account, an exact analysis of molecular mechanisms of disease ... epithelium, the molecular mechanisms and consequences of these interactions are poorly understood For some of the important pathogens mentioned, little or nothing is known about the consequences of epithelial ... establishment of knock out models [238-240] In addition to the analysis of host response initiation, the understanding of control mechanisms of local inflammation within the lung (resolution of inflammation,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:20

... identification of a new coronavirus as the causative agent of SARS and of a southern Chinese province as the first area of occurrence, animal species of this area have been speculated to be the origin of ... treatment is of major importance [60] Molecular mechanisms of SARS virus pathogenesis Cytocidal mechanisms Coronaviruses are known to exert their effects by cytocidal and immune-mediated mechanisms ... spread of novel infectious diseases [43] As with the SARSCoV, new pathogens are believed to emerge from animal reservoirs and a variety of molecular mechanisms may contribute to the evolution of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21