molecular basis of the c4 pathway
Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration Volume 32 C4 Photosynthesis and Related CO2 Concentrating Mec
... understanding of the C4 pathway, the identification of the evolutionary changes within the genome during the evolution of the C4 pathway With these discoveries, scientists now have some of the key ... expansion of knowledge of C4 photosynthesis following the first publication of the C4 pathway in 1967 stands out as one of the most exciting eras in the plant sciences As the C4 photosynthesis was ... together by linking C4 biochemistry, C4 anatomy, and the biogeography of C4 plants It is the efforts of these and the many other researchers who made the telling of the C4 story possible Their history...
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Báo cáo y học: " Genetic diversity and evolution of human metapneumovirus fusion protein over twenty years" ppt
... or JPY), Tennessee (TN), or the Netherlands (NL) and 16 AMPV F sequences The first two digits of the HMPV sequence names indicate the year of the isolate The names of the AMPV sequences indicate ... site A of the related RSV F protein [36] (Figure 1) Some of the variations in this region, such as E294G, were present in viruses of both the A1 and A2 subgroups Viruses of the A2 lineage had the ... strains of HMPV and assigned to one of the four proposed lineages (A1, A2, B1, or B2) based on phylogenetic analysis, discussed further below [32] Of the 68 strains sequenced, 34 (50%) were of the...
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Báo cáo y học: " Diversity and evolution of phycobilisomes in marine Synechococcus spp.: a comparative genomics stud" docx
... synthesis Phosphatase Conserved hypothetical Hypothetical Figure of PBS rod gene regions of the different pigment types of marine Synechococcus Comparison Comparison of PBS rod gene regions of the ... adapters Altogether, these data suggest that the different components of the PBS have evolved almost independently from each other in the marine Synechococcus group Indeed, the core of the PBS has ... photosensors of unknown function [40] In the following sections, we have analyzed more specifically the phyletic profile (that is, the different patterns of occurrence of orthologs in the set of Synechococcus...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Diversity, taxonomy and evolution of medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily pot
... Therefore, in this report we analysed MDR taxonomy on the basis of the entire set of currently known MDR members, and completed the work initiated by Nordling et al with identification of further ... superfamily, and their relationships to several protein classification efforts Furthermore, recruitment of selected members of this superfamily may offer clues about the evolution of some metabolic pathways, ... mark the boundaries of protein macrofamilies COGs are also indicated in boxes The complete names of the protein subfamilies are indicated in Tables 3–8, according to the protein family to which they...
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Exergoeconomic optimization and improvement of a cogeneration system modeled in a process simulator using direct search and evolutionary methods
... decreases along the Ngen generations The probability of occurrence of a crossover, Pc, and the method of selection, on the other hand, determine the selection pressure of the genetic algorithm The selection ... parameters The size of the population (i.e., number of individuals), Nind, and the probability of occurrence of a mutation, Pm, are two such parameters associated with the diversity of the population The ... value of the objective function, OF0 The point obtained at the end of the procedure, Xf = (x1,f, x2,f,…, xn,f), contains the final values of the decision variables, and is associated with the final...
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Tài liệu ACCOUNTING FOR HETEROGENEITY, DIVERSITY AND GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM IN EVALUATING SOCIAL PROGRAMS pptx
... comparing the integrals of the empirical CDFs of the control and treatment group earnings distributions for various values of o Table displays the re- sults of tests of the null hypothesis of equality ... of self selection These narrow the range of dependence across outcome states (4) The range of the estimated proportion of people benefitting from the program in the sense of gross outcomes (the ... evaluation of the experience of the program (its process) or an evaluation of the benefits of the program? The evidence presented here suggests that respondents report a net benefit inclusive of their...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Topology, tinkering and evolution of the human transcription factor network doc
... functionality and phylogeny However, the nature of the connections between these factors needs to be understood at the level of the protein domain The global properties of the HTFN topology are partially ... [47] and other related factors such as rox [48], mxi [47], miz-1 [49] TRRAP, GNC5, bin-1 [50] Group F contains 90% of the members of the nuclear receptor hormone superfamily of the HTFN (they also ... contains the 90% of the members of nuclear receptor superfamily (they are Zn fingers also) of the HTFN G 19 31% MAD domains SMAD family proteins and b-catenin and APC related factors from the acquisition...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Diversity and junction residues as hotspots of binding energy in an antibody neutralizing the dengue virus doc
... classes of the CDRs for the Fab4E11 fragment of the wild type and analyzed the potential effects of some mutations on the corresponding structures According to the predictions, the structures of L-CDR2 ... provide the major part of the free energy of interaction with the antigen [20,21] Paratope of an mAb neutralizing the dengue virus We have undertaken a detailed analysis of the relations between the ... particular, the specificity of recognition towards this virus to the exclusion of other flaviviruses, the cross-reactivities towards the four viral serotypes, and the mechanisms of neutralization at a molecular...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Beefmoves: Dissemination, Diversity, and Dynamics of English Borrowings in a German" ppt
... ratio ˜ Uw of the actual number of users of word w (Uw ) over ˜ the expected number of users of w (Uw ), and DT = Tw ˜ is calculated analogously fo the actual/expected Tw ˜ ˜ number of threads ... annotate a large portion of the MZEE corpus, the training data consisted of the disjoint subsets of the English and German CELEX wordlists (Baayen et al., 1995), as well as the words used in Covo ... frequency for the 851 most common anglicisms in MZEE Finally, from the comparison of timespans in Table 3, we see that the predictive ability (R2 ) of the three measures increases as the timespan...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Complete subunit sequences, structure and evolution of the 6 · 6-mer hemocyanin from the common house centipede, Scutigera coleoptrata pptx
... number of molecular studies using other markers [40,51–54] However, conflicting molecular evidence on the exact position of the Myriapoda exists, either supporting a common branch with the Pancrustacea ... [41,44], although the support values in the present are significantly higher This observation supports the notion of the usefulness of hemocyanin sequences for the resolution of the arthropod phylogenetic ... PAGE (Figs and 2; Table 1) The N-terminal amino acid sequences (see above) allow the assignment of the HcA clone to the major sequence of the upper hemocyanin band in the SDS/PAGE gel (Fig 1) Two...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: Structural diversity and transcription of class III peroxidases from Arabidopsis thaliana docx
... inhibitors and others [56] The targeting features of the propeptide of barley lectin have been analyzed by amino acid substitutions [57] The unique extension of AtP14 might indicate the presence of a short ... (penultimate lane) Expression of mRNA encoding ef-1a was used as a control of the quality of the RNA preparation, of the reverse transcription reaction and for expression reference There is no simple correlation ... example of a nonglycosylated triplet at position Asn70 [48] The majority of the peroxidases carry one or two putative glycans Seven appear to be nonglycosylated Therefore, the high number of glycans...
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Immunology and Evolution of Infectious Disease potx
... each other The biochemical details of binding and recognition set the rules of engagement that shape the pacing, scale, and pattern of diversity and the nature of evolutionary change Of the many ... surfaces of host cells Parasite escape from T cell recognition can occur at any of the processing steps, including the digestion of proteins, the transport of peptides, the binding of peptides by the ... CD66e found on the squamous epithelium of the uterine portio Other Opa variants bind more effectively to CD66a found on the epithelium of the cervix, uterus, and colon tissues Thus, the CD66-specific...
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Báo cáo khoa học: The metabolic role and evolution of L-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase of Hypocrea jecorina potx
... genes On the other hand, the lack of growth of the wildtype strain on D-allitol and L-iditol may either be due to a lack of uptake of these hexitols, or due to a lack of lad1 expression by these ... Enzymatic conversion of hexitols and ketohexoses by Lad1 The identification of L-xylo-3-hexulose as the product of the oxidation of galactitol by Lad1 raised the question of whether other hexitols would ... among the members of the Lad1 terminal clade but which are functionally different from those present in other SDHs, are located at the facing rims of the two domains of the protein that form the...
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GENDER DIVERSITY AND CORPORATE PERFORMANCE potx
... are the main positives and negatives of diversity? Katherine Phillips: The main benefit of diversity is often assumed to be the impact of the different perspectives brought to the table by the ... corporates in the late 1990s, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in the USA and the Higgs Review of Corporate Governance in 2003 in the UK called for significant changes to the composition of corporate ... the board to offset the relative lack of independent advice and to reduce the homogeneity of the directors There is unusually strong consensus within academic research that a greater number of...
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Discovering Evolutionary Ecology Bringing together ecology and evolution ppt
... organism is thus faced with the more complex choice of finding the value of the trait that maximizes fitness in the face of trade-offs with other traits of importance In the above example, evolution ... of scientists While the detail can exist without the synthesis, the synthesis gives the detail added value While some of the detail may change, be lost, or added to, the synthesis I hope will ... with the interaction of organisms with their environment The organisms can be considered at various levels of a hierarchy, comprising the individual, the population (groups of individuals of the...
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Robustness and the Internet: Design and evolution pdf
... that are inevitable, given the degree of complexity of these improvements and the scale of the network where they are deployed After all, aspects that include the size of the network, finite link ... these and other questions have motivated the development of a theory of the Internet that is firmly based on some of the general principles reported in this paper and derived from a study of the ... contrast to these first two categories, which only alter the actions of the end hosts (by making the proposed changes to the TCP protocol) but not that of the routers, the third type of TCP improvements...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Structure, regulation and evolution of Nox-family NADPH oxidases that produce reactive oxygen species pptx
... with the emergence of the Chordata On the other hand, p67phox seems to be absent in the ascidian Ci intestinalis of the Urochordata, a sister group of the Vertebrata, suggesting loss of the p67phox ... oxygens of the 3-phosphate; NH1 and NH2 of Arg105 form hydrogen bonds with the 4-OH and 5-OH of the inositol moiety; and the aromatic ring of Tyr59 stacks against one face of the inositol ring (the ... including the Opisthokonta, the Amoebozoa, the Plantae, the Excavata, the Rhizaria, and the Chromalveolata (the Heterokonta plus the Alveolata): animals and fungi belong to the Opisthokonta; the social...
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Báo cáo khoa học: 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase and fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase in Trypanosomatidae Molecular characterization, database searches, modelling studies and evolutionary analysis pptx
... representation of the domain structure of the various PFK-2 ⁄ FBPase-2 isoenzymes of T brucei The domain structure of the enzymes was inferred from the amino acid sequences predicted from the ORFs ... PFK27 in the cluster Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis also showed that the formation of the four isoenzymes in the trypanosomatids has occurred already in the common ancestor of the genera ... enzyme [24], is within the PFK-2 domain, but the residue is not part of the active site The other four positions lie in the N-terminal extension The Tb4 amino acid sequences of stocks TREU927 ⁄...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Plot Induction and Evolutionary Search for Story Generation" pot
... court of the emperor The child watches the bird The bird weeps for the child The child begs the bird to listen .The bird dresses up the child The child grows up The child watches the bird The bird ... emperor The emperor feels that the brothers tempt a beauty into the game The kingdom saves the life from crumbling the earth into the bird The kingdom forces the whip into wiping the tears on the ... Random The emperor rules the kingdom The kingdom holds on to the emperor The emperor rides out of the kingdom The kingdom speaks out against the emperor The emperor lies The emperor rules the kingdom...
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Cosmology the origin and evolution of cosmic structure coles p , lucchin f
... amongst other things, the continuous creation of matter to keep the density of the expanding Universe constant The steady-state universe was abandoned in the 1960s because of the properties of the ... provide an estimate of H0 , together with a strong confirmation of the validity of the Hubble law and, therefore, of the Cosmological Principle Another test of this principle is the so-called Hubble ... be the case in the early years of the 20th century when the first steps were taken, by Einstein and others, towards a scientific theory of the Universe Little was then known empirically about the...
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