molecular aspects of gnrh gene expression

... is protective against the development of RA [61] The gene copy number variations of CCL3-like (CCL3L1), a nonallelic isoform of CCL3 encoded by different genes and a potent ligand for CCR1 and ... feature of chemokines is the redundancy of the system Several chemokines bind to more than one receptor, and the majority of chemokine receptors have multiple ligands, leading to the generation of ... role in the pathogenesis of RA by recruiting leukocytes and by controlling other important processes, such as release of mediators of inflammation, cell proliferation and angiogenesis To date,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... pathogenesis [7] A recent report showed evidence of the high prevalence of B19 DNA in patients with RA [8] However, a significant amount of evidence contradicts a role of B19 infection in RA pathogenesis ... amplification of both NS1 and VP genes of B19 DNA in synovial membranes has revealed that the levels of B19 DNA are similar in RA and control synovial membranes [11] Thus, the contribution of B19 infection ... activity of the VP1 protein unique region being prerequisite for this process [6] Infection of the macrophage cell line U937 or bone marrow cells with B19 has been shown to induce the expression of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, etc.) Some of these genes have been reported to have important roles in the pathogenesis of RA [1] In addition, the NF-jB family of genes has been reported to be highly ... array of events under the control of NF-jB, including cytokine and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, osteoclast differentiation and apoptosis, and the impact of these events on the pathogenesis of RA, ... RA Expression of MMPs is proposed to be regulated by AP-1, and the upregulation of MMPs in the RA synovium correlates with increased DNA-binding activity of AP-1 and increased expression of Fos...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... Decma-induced Erk phosphorylation Moreover, expression of silent mutants of Shc isoforms showed that only p46Shc and p52Shc rescued the effect of the siRNA Overexpression of p66Shc not only failed to rescue ... cell–cell contact regulates the expression of MMPs and uPA in vitro [13–15] However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood Expression of genes for these proteolytic enzymes ... increased expression of uPA is directly related to higher tumor growth and metastasis [1] Several analyses have already made it clear that the expression of E-cadherin and the expression of MMPs...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 05:20

... on ASS gene expression via a decrease in the nuclear amount of NF-jB [44] This illustrates that glutamine may regulate expression of the same gene via different pathways as a function of cell ... Analysis of gene expression in homocysteineinjured vascular endothelial cells: demonstration of GRP78/BiP expression, cloning and characterization of a novel reducing agent-tunicamycin regulated gene ... activation of NF-jB DNA-binding may account in part for increased expression of the IL-8 gene [90] In addition to STAT [91], the amino acid was shown to act at the level of the inhibitor of kappa...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... N (1999) Genetic analysis of nif regulatory genes by utilizing the yeast two-hybrid system detected formation of a NifL-NifA complex that is implicated in regulated expression of nif genes J Bacteriol ... gene of Escherichia coli and metal ion requirement for FNR-regulated gene expression Mol Microbiol 3, 601–608 Meng, W., Green, J & Guest, J.R (1997) FNR-dependent repression of ndh gene expression ... vivo, reduction of purified MBP– NifL was studied in vitro at room temperature In the absence of a redox mediator, the FAD cofactor of oxidized MBP–NifL was not reduced by the addition of NADH (data...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... (shortterm) goal of genetic regulation [23,24] Dealing with the evolutionary optimization of gene expression in mathematical terms requires substantial simplications in view of the complexity of cellular ... Studies of gene expression during the cell cycle of Caulobacter crescentus lead to the conclusion that ễgenes involved in a given cell function are activated at the time of execution of that ... others are shut off At the beginning of the process, the whole amount of available protein is spent exclusively to the rst enzyme of the chain Each of the following switches turns off the active...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... intake by suppressing the expression of NPY mRNA and by activating POMC mRNA expression, whereas low levels activate NPY mRNA expression, which in turn inhibits the expression of POMC mRNA, leading ... indirectly affected by a lack of Sax2 gene expression, most likely through an impairment of food absorption 372 Results Comparison of body weight and food uptake of adult wild-type, Sax2 heterozygous ... affected by lack of Sax2 gene expression A B C D E F Fig Analysis of blood glucose, insulin and leptin levels of female Sax2+ ⁄ + and Sax2) ⁄ ) animals (A) Blood glucose levels of Sax2+ ⁄ + and...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 23:20

... studying the influence of SARS- CoV on the immune system-independent induction of cytokines Interferon genes and their antiviral effectors To properly assess the cytokine profile of SARS-CoV infection, ... efficient dissemination of SARS-CoV By slowing down expression of IFNs and their antiviral genes in the infected tissue cells, the virus buys time during the initial, critical phase of infection in order ... possible relevance to pathogenesis J Virol 2005, 79:7819-26 Reghunathan R, Jayapal M, Hsu LY, Chng HH, Tai D, Leung BP, Melendez AJ: Expression profile of immune response genes in patients with Severe...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... similar overall gene expression profiles For example, all components of the nervous system featured higher expression of a common subset of transcripts, as did all components of the lower digestive ... version of this article and at the Toronto gene expressions website [19]) There are prominent patterns that are distinctive of a subset of genes in each category The fact that not all of the genes ... mammalian gene functions can be predicted on the basis of gene expression profiles There are many anecdotal examples in which the tissue-specific or cell-type-specific expression of a gene has...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... conservation of expression of individual genes We used two conceptually simple measures intended to capture different aspects of conservation of expression The first asks how often specific gene expression ... Tissue-specific gene expression is broadly correlated across vertebrates To examine gene expression in a broad range of vertebrates, we collected a compendium of gene expression datasets, consisting of previously ... would allow assessment of the degree of conservation of tissue gene expression among all vertebrates, and a comparison of the conservation of expression to the conservation of nonexonic primary...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 19:20

... that the stimulated PBMC are a source of mRNA for the target genes of interest The expression of other relevant genes, including IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ, generated satisfactory standard curves ... then the mean coefficient of variation was determined for each target gene Data are presented as cell equivalents of expression and GAPDH normalized expression (relative expression) within each ... influence, the CE values of the target genes are normalized to a reference gene using the CE for GAPDH The RE compared with GAPDH is determined by dividing the CE of the target gene by the CE for GAPDH...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... Analysis of gene expression patterns in chondrocytes ex vivo In the first set of measurements, gene expression patterns were investigated in cells directly after isolation from cartilage As all of ... differentiation state similar to that of healthy chondrocytes, as shown by their low expression levels of ALK-1, similar expression levels of type I collagen, and high expression of type II collagens and ... whether this increase in type II collagen expression results from a loss of an inhibitory effect of IL-1β or if this reflects a general activation of gene expression described in OA chondrocytes...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... include the effect of TNF-α on matrix and MMP gene expression in normal and degenerate NP cells as well as the effect of IL-1β and TNF-α on cytokine gene expression and the expression of the associated ... degenerate NP cells Effect of tumour necrosis factor-alpha on matrix gene expression The basal gene expression for the collagen type I gene was significantly higher in the degenerate cells than in ... upregulation of mRNA of MMP-3, -9 and -13 in both normal and degenerate NP cells (P = 0.05) (Figure 1b) The upregulation of MMP-9 gene expression was significantly greater in degenerate cells...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:20

... selected on the basis of tissue-preferred expression in liver and corresponded to genes with liver-restricted expression (10% of the probes) and genes with combined hepatic and broad expression (the ... levels of tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP1) Ann Rheum Dis 1998, 57:158-161 de Magalhães JP, Curado J, Church GM: Meta-analysis of agerelated gene expression profiles identifies common signatures of ... (that is, the average of the pixel intensities of the spot is weighted by the distance to the center of this spot) Because of the background homogeneity in our array, a Page of (page number not...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... similarly in both profiles supports Page of 18 the existence of a coordination of expression between nuclear and mitochondrial genes Localization of sense and antisense tags within gene models and ... classification of other tissues as well A heat map of expression of the nine mitochondrial genes in Figure provides visual context for the basis of clustering used by Simcluster in both of the Simcluster ... Hoffman B, Holt RA, Hou J, Kuo BY-L, Lee LLC, Lee S, Leung D, Ma K, Matsuo C, Mayo M, McDonald H, Prabhu A-l, et al: A mouse atlas of gene expression: large-scale digital gene- expression profiles...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... same species displays the highest correlation of gene expression levels, the same tissue of different species often has a higher correlation of gene expression levels than background away from ... orthology a good fraction of the most variable genes (tissue-specific genes) and the most constant genes (housekeeping genes); the level of sharing is as strong as the level of human genes co-vary between ... 3,074, with an overlap of 1,344 genes Of the 273 genes we identified, 51 are in the 1,344 -gene set, and of the 110 genes Chan et al identified, 79 are in the same 1,344 -gene set A simple hypergeometric...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... Comparison of gene expression in different nectary types Comparison of gene expression in different nectary types The number of genes displaying a two-fold or greater difference in expression ... Figure 5) A number of upregulated genes putatively relating to these processes are discussed below Figure validation of expression profiles RT PCR4 RT PCR validation of expression profiles Reverse ... preparation) As another test of the veracity of this type of co-normalization and subsequent analysis, the expression values for eight genes with known nectary-enriched expression profiles were examined...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... the expression of genes in the IL-6 signaling pathway, we found that OP-1 not only regulates expression of the IL-6 family of cytokines but also B Changes in gene expression of IL-6 family of ... stimulated expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-1 receptor genes [17], while inhibition of OP-1 gene expression by OP-1AS down-regulated mRNA expression of these genes We have ... Grouping of genes was done by computing over-representation of regulated genes in gene ontology (GO) classes [14] Statistical analysis consisted of 1) analysis of differentially expressed genes...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:22

... responsible for this genetic modification, our observations suggest that switching off expression of Tax, the essential contributor to the oncogenic potential of BLV, is linked with the onset of acute leukemia ... understanding of tumor-associated silencing In particular, the analysis of sequential samples of the same individual from pre-tumoral to overt leukemia and the documentation of the timing of the Tax expression ... observations to the failure of the immune system to eliminate the infected cell given the absence of proper expression of immunogenic proteins, in this case Tax Tax is the major target of CTLs in HTLV-associated...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22