models for highway cost allocation
Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products
... Product Costing JOINT COSTS IN SERVICE AND NOT -FOR- PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS How should not -for- profit organizations account for joint costs? http://www.arthurandersen com Service and not -for- profit ... Product Costing SOLUTION STRATEGIES Allocation of Joint Cost Joint cost is allocated only to joint products; however, joint cost can be reduced by the value of by-product/scrap before the allocation ... begins For physical measure allocations: Divide joint cost by the products’ total physical measurements to obtain a cost per unit of physical measure For monetary measure allocation: Choose an allocation...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo " Development of system of HydrodynamicEnvironmental models for coastal area (Case study in Quang Ninh - Hai Phong region) " doc
... Model for suspended particulate matter transport and bottom bathymetry evolution The model for SPM and bottom bathymetry evolution includes sub -models: 3D SPM Model for water column and 2D model for ... need to build a system of models for each environment which is related to each other through the boundary conditions In this case, we can introduce the system of models for oil slick, oil-in-water ... wind Conclusion The preliminary results for the combined system of 2D, 3D hydrodynamicenvironmental models for SPM and bottom layer change show the ability to forecast the fate and transport of contaminants...
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Tài liệu Thermodynamic Models for Industrial Applications: From Classical and Advanced Mixing Rules to Association Theories pptx
... Thermodynamics for biotechnology 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Models for Pharmaceuticals 19.2.1 General 19.2.2 The NRTL–SAC model 19.2.3 The NRHB model for pharmaceuticals 19.3 Models for amino acids ... Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material ... polymers 6.8.3 Cubic EoS for polymers 6.8.4 How to estimate EoS parameters for polymers 6.9 Conclusions: achievements and limitations of the EoS/GE models 6.10 Recommended Models – so far Appendix...
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Tài liệu Use of Event Data Recorder (EDR) Technology for Highway Crash Data Analysis doc
... 150 milliseconds for GM to a low of 78 milliseconds for some Ford vehicle models The GM SDM records up to seconds before impact but does not record post-crash information The Ford PCM records ... operational costs associated with EDR data collection Startup costs will include both the purchase of EDR data retrieval units and training for the accident investigators or law enforcement personnel ... of force on the vehicle; the status of braking, steering, seat belt usage, and air bag deployment; and other valuable crash information This represents a new source of objective data for the highway...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Topic Models for Dynamic Translation Model Adaptation" pptx
... unseen for a given domain s, we are already performing an implicit form of smoothing (when computing the expected counts), since each document has a distribution over all topics, and therefore ... distribution p(zn |di ) for zn = {1, , K} over each document, using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) (Blei et al., 2003) Then, we assign p(zn |di ) to be the topic distribution for every sentence ... subdomains consistent within a document Results Results for both settings are shown in Table GTM models the latent topics at the document level, while LTM models each sentence as a separate document To...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Incremental Syntactic Language Models for Phrase-based Translation" pptx
... possible category for input “meets the” A sample phrase structure tree is shown before and after the right-corner transform in Figures and Our parser operates over a right-corner transformed probabilistic ... sive phrase structure trees using the tree transforms in Schuler et al (2010) Constituent nonterminals in right-corner transformed trees take the form of incomplete constituents cη /cηι consisting ... use supertag n-gram LMs Syntactic language models have also been explored with tree-based translation models Charniak et al (2003) use syntactic language models to rescore the output of a tree-based...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Semi-supervised latent variable models for sentence-level sentiment analysis" pdf
... effect form a bottleneck between the document sentiment and the input sentences McDonald, 2008; Lin and He, 2009), structured conditional models can handle rich and overlapping features and allow for ... structure models and task specific structured conditional models While we model document structure in terms of sentiment transitions, we not model topical structure An interesting avenue for future ... less informative compared to a fine-grained signal Thus, in order to get the best of both worlds, we would like to combine the merits of both of these models 2.1 A cascaded model A straightforward...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "You’ve Got Answers: Towards Personalized Models for Predicting Success in Community Question Answering" doc
... improvement of personalized models, we report the most significant features, sorted by Information Gain (IG), for three sample ASP Pers+Text models (Table 3) Interestingly, whereas for Pers and Pers 2, ... accuracy for ASP, ASP Text, ASP Pers+Text, and ASP Group for groups of askers with varying number of previous questions posted Surprisingly, for ASP Text, textual features only become helpful for ... answer are significant, for Pers non-textual features are most significant We also report the top 10 features with the highest information gain for the ASP and ASP Group models (Table 4) Interestingly,...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Statistical phrase-based models for interactive computer-assisted translation" pdf
... sentence tI that maximizes this probability for a given sJ in the first section works at character level This is not a problem: the transformation can be performed in an easy way Another important ... Its performance directly affects the quality and efficiency of translation For CAT search we propose using the same algorithm as in MT Thus, we first describe the search in MT 5.1 Search for MT ... 18.8 60.7 17.6 67.1 20.9 61.6 16.5 Table 4: CAT results for the “XRCE” task for 1best hypothesis and 5-best hypothesis alternatives before choosing It is still to be shown if this extra time...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Refined Lexicon Models for Statistical Machine Translation using a Maximum Entropy Approach" pptx
... translation results for the Verbmobil Test-147 for different contextual information and different thresholds using the top-10 translations The baseline translation results for model are WER=54.80 ... using the ME models The best value is obtained when a threshold of is used We expected to observe strong overfitting effects when a too small cut-off for features gets used Yet, for most words ... acments count for source words that are not aligned to any target word In (statistical) alignment models , the alignment is introduced as a hidden variable Typically, the search is performed using...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Towards History-based Grammars: Using Richer Models for Probabilistic Parsing*" docx
... of these models come close to incorporating enough context to disambiguate many cases of ambiguity A significant reason researchers have limited the contextual information used by their models ... technique for estimating the parameters for this model using decision trees The history-based grammar model provides a mechanism for taking advantage of contextual information from anywhere in the discourse ... Figure h Grammar and parse tree for aabb dexed the non-terminal (NT) nodes of the tree with this leftmost order We denote by ~- the sentential form obtained just before we expand node i Hence, t~...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Statistical Decision-Tree Models for Parsing*" ppt
... statistical pattern recognition gram models and decision-tree models is to make process A parse tree for a sentence is constructed clear that the power of decision-tree models is not by starting with ... assigned by the model No information about the legal tags for a word are extracted from the test corpus In fact, no information other than the words is used from the test corpus For the sake of efficiency, ... length for Wall Street Journal experiments Conclusion Regardless of what techniques are used for parsing disambiguation, one thing is clear: if a particular piece of information is necessary for...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Phrase-Based Backoff Models for Machine Translation of Highly Inflected Languages" docx
... backoff models for combining in-domain and 42 out-of-domain data for the purpose of bootstrapping a part-of-speech tagger for Chinese, outperforming standard methods such as EM i i i Backoff Models ... (Zitouni et al., 2003) for language modeling and by (Gildea, 2001) for semantic role labeling (Resnik et al., 2001) used backoff translation lexicons for cross-language information retrieval More ... applied before training and after generating the output in the target language Normalization of English/German inflectional morphology to base forms for the purpose of word alignment is performed...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Incremental Parsing Models for Dialog Task Structure" doc
... to improved performance for any method One utterance of context is best for shift-reduce and start-join; three is best for the connection path method The shiftreduce method performs the best ... 34.91 for start-complete, 25.13 for the connection path method, and 21.32 for the chunkbased baseline These performance differences are statistically signicant at p < 001 However, the best performance ... accuracy for all methods All methods perform fairly well, but no method signicantly outperforms any other: with utterances of context, 1-best accuracy is 681 for the connection path method, 698 for...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Web augmentation of language models for continuous speech recognition of SMS text messages" docx
... 17.0 for English, 18.7 for Spanish, and 22.5 for French For English, we also created web mixture models with KN smoothing The error rates were 16.5, 15.9 and 15.7 for the 20 MB, 40 MB and 70 MB models, ... results for the different LMs are given in Table The results are consistent in the sense that the web mixture models outperform the in-domain models, and augmentation helps more with larger models ... possible to create larger mixture models than in-domain models, there are no in-domain results for the largest model sizes Especially if large models can be afforded, the perplexity reductions...
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The six business models for copyright infringement: A data-driven study of websites considered to be infringing copyright docx
... of: The six business models for copyright infringement – A data driven study of websites considered to be infringing copyright Executive summary The Six Business Models for Copyright Infringement ... segment the data, and the potential next steps for this research Detailed appendices are also presented for reference 16 The six business models for copyright infringement – A data driven study ... metrics for each segment 20 The six business models for copyright infringement – A data driven study of websites considered to be infringing copyright 3.5 Community and Social Features We looked for...
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Pro Excel Financial Modeling Building Models for Technology Startups pdf
... this requirement, we must obviously develop models that forecast revenue; cost of goods sold; cost of sales and marketing; cost of product development; cost of salaries, wages, and benefits; other ... of company information, and iteration Many modules have absolute dependencies on calculations from other models For instance, cost of goods sold cannot be forecast without a sales forecast Sequence ... revenue forecasts from REV Cost of Sales and Marketing (COSM) model: This model forecasts total cost of sales and marketing including bonuses and commissions for sales staff and trip costs This...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Lexically-Triggered Hidden Markov Models for Clinical Document Coding" pot
... Furthermore, we observe that for each code assigned to a document, there is generally at least one corresponding trigger term in the text that accounts for the code’s assignment For example, if an ICD-9-CM ... research in the area and to assess the current level of performance on the task Forty-four teams participated in the challenge The top-performing system achieved micro-averaged F1-score of 0.8908, ... if all trigger terms for this code are found in a positive (negative) context, if there are more than one trigger terms for the code found in a positive (negative) context; for other candidate...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning and Hidden Markov Models for Task-Oriented Natural Language Generation" ppt
... probability, derived from the Forward algorithm, of an observation sequence to inform the agent’s learning process r = +1 for for -2 for P (w0 wn ) for -1 reaching ... detail for the instruction corresponding to the user’s information need We evaluate the learnt content selection decisions in terms of task success For surface realisation, we use HMMs to inform ... to assess the effects of different surface form variants Finally, other graphical models besides HMMs, such as Bayesian Networks, can be explored for informing the surface realisation process of...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Employing Topic Models for Pattern-based Semantic Class Discovery" doc
... also perform preprocessing (refer to Section 3.4 for details) before building topic models for CR(q), where some lowfrequency items are removed Determine the number of topics: Most topic models ... value for all different query item q, as has been done for the topic model approach For fair comparison, the same postprocessing is made for all the approaches And the same preprocessing is made for ... topic models are more suitable to be used here than in processing an ordinary document corpus 3.3 Preprocessing and Postprocessing Preprocessing is applied to CR(q) before we build topic models for...
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