modeling skin permeability in risk assessment

... results of ecological modeling As these kinds of models are used more in risk assessment, evaluating the kinds of errors that can be made and developing modeling approaches for avoiding such errors ... ecological models in the context of ecological risk assessment in the next section THE PROCESS OF ECOLOGICAL MODELING FOR CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT The U.S EPA (1992) defined ecological risk assessment ... Environmental Decision-Making Lev R Ginzburg and H Resit Akỗakaya Training and Education Applying Existing Ecological Models Integrating Existing Models Developing New, Case-Specific Models Investment Trade-offs...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... it Relevance — HIGH — Possible endpoints include expected population size (age- or stage-specific), risk of decline, risk of extinction, and expected crossing time (the time at which the population ... estimating two matrices — one with toxins and one without toxins) Obtaining estimates of all such parameters can often be quite difficult However, model parameters are intuitive and can be interpreted ... to be considered (e.g., by choosing and parameterizing a dose–response function or by estimating two matrices — one with toxins and one without toxins) Obtaining estimates of all such parameters...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... results include risk of extinction, risk of decline, time to extinction, time to decline, expected abundance, and expected variation in abundance The model has several parameters (e.g., carrying ... results include risk of extinction, risk of decline, time to extinction, time to decline, metapopulation occupancy, local occupancy duration, expected abundance, and expected variation in abundance ... are increasing or decreasing in time Treatment of Uncertainty — HIGH — The model simulates variability in patch occupancy It has special features for sensitivity analysis to incorporate uncertainties...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... food-web modeling incorporating the effects of toxic chemicals Software for population and food-web modeling Software for food-web modeling incorporating the effects of toxic chemicals Reference Internet ... Relevance — HIGH — Potential endpoints include the expected population size of any population in the model, risk of decline, risk of extinction, and expected crossing time (the time at which the ... species and trophic interactions are user defined The user can define use of any predator–prey model Treatment of Uncertainty — LOW — No treatment of uncertainty is included in this program Degree...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... LEEM was initiated by the International Joint Commission to aid in anticipating the effects of declining nutrient loading, invasion of zebra mussels, loading of toxic organic contaminants on ... proficiency in DYNAMO and FORTRAN programming languages and requires resources for placing the model in an uncertainty analysis framework ECOWIN EcoWin is an object-oriented approach to the modeling ... outputs from EcoWin include those endpoints that are routinely included in ecological risk assessments The model explicitly accounts for toxic chemical effects Flexibility — HIGH — EcoWin was purposely...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... capabilities include forecasting vegetative structure, assessing wildlife habitat, analyzing fire hazard, determining forest health risk, and monitoring ecological processes Using a parallel processing ... for developing silvicultural prescriptions, evaluating management scenarios, updating inventory information, and providing input to forest planning models (USDA 1999 and references therein) Additional ... primary extrinsic factor Intrinsic factors include species recruitment, foraging efficiency, and reproductive rates It is a bioenergetic model in which the two species of Dipodomys feed on a single...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... ecosystem modeling (Nestler 2001, pers comm.) The modeling strategy inherent in CEL HYBRID has subtle problems in maintaining conservation when any sources or sinks are present and a problem with inflation ... of organisms in different environments Treatment of Uncertainty — LOW — In principle, one could introduce uncertainty and risk analysis into CEL HYBRID by enclosing the model within a Monte Carlo ... approach to modeling landscape effects by embedding the spatial constituents within the underlying algorithm This embedding was done by spatially defining all of the state variables and thus making the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... which software package is being used); possibilities include expected future abundance, risk of decline in abundance, risk of extinction, time to extinction, time to decline, harvested biomass, as ... abundance, risk of decline in abundance, risk of extinction, time to extinction, time to decline, harvested biomass Has high realism, relevance, and flexibility and can be used for risk assessment ... future abundance, risk of decline in abundance, risk of extinction, time to extinction, time to decline, toxicant concentration in the environment, toxicant concentration in the organisms This program...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... using ecological models Selecting the appropriate model The types of data needed for different types of models Interpreting the results of models Modeling, interpreting, and communicating risk ... integrating existing models and creating new models (Figure 14.1) Integrating existing models results in models with enhanced capabilities in the midterm, whereas creating new models results in new ... a result of training, increasing investments can be focused on application of existing models Over time, the increased knowledge from applying models allows integration of existing models and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... approach for addressing many risk assessment issues (Ferson et al 1996; Barnthouse 1998) Indeed, incorporation of simple, scalar population modeling into screening-level ecological risk assessments could ... results of such assessments; in some cases, they could help to avoid unnecessary expenditures on a higher-tier risk assessment Examined over a hierarchical spectrum of endpoints, modeling of populations ... highest combination of ecological relevance and tractability (Figure 15.1) We therefore recommend that population modeling be included in most ecological risk assessments either at the screening level...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... approach for addressing most risk assessment issues, including screening-level evaluations For screening-level ecological risk assessments, stochastic scalar abundance models and deterministic life-history ... affect mate finding or mating This effect increases in intensity as population abundance decreases and is destabilizing in the sense that populations experiencing this effect tend to go extinct allometric ... of ecological modeling in decision-making In Ecological Modeling for Environmental Management V Dale (Ed.) Springer-Verlag, New York Ginzburg, L.R and E.M Golenberg 1985 Lectures in Theoretical...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... Applications in Risk Assessment 3.2.2 Spirolides The toxins of the group of SPXs are characterised by binding to and blocking of AChR receptors in the central- and peripheral nervous system including ... in Risk Assessment estuarine system remains poorly studied in spite of its great hydrological influence on the MOB The Charente River is the major river discharging directly into the MOB During ... contamination risk assessment (water quality) and a water balance estimation (water quantity) Following the contamination risk assessment, the water balance estimation concludes in a risk assessment, ...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 10:20

... and Ventura F (2001) Monitoring of pesticides in drinking and related waters in NE Spain with a multiresidue SPE-GC-MS method including an estimation of the uncertainty of the analytical results, ... careful monitoring of MPP oxides in drinking water is required to evaluate the acute toxicity of MPP because human population could be exposed to MPP oxon sulfone through the drinking water and ... CONCLUSIONS In this study, the possible genesis of MPP oxide derivatives in the environment was investigated as well as their potential toxicity to humans in a cholinesterase assay The in vitro...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:15

... scenario predictive modeling, forecasting, simulation, and optimization It gives unparalleled insight into the critical factors affecting risk True variability and uncertainty for each variable ... present work is to evaluate the risk of radioactivity in the contaminated soil using crystal ball software and samples taken at different points from the surrounding areas of the research reactor ... parameters and variables with a decision to estimate the risk profile and to estimate the uncertainty of the endpoints of the risk assessment, according to defend scenario Statistical technique with...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

... planning technology in a real-world domain Logical next steps include applying CycSecure to larger networks and increasing the breadth and depth of our planning domain We expect its knowledge-intensive ... is not interesting in itself; rather, system administrators care about determining what the dangerous vulnerabilities of the system are and prioritizing them in order of urgency By analyzing plans’ ... result To avoid a combinatorial explosion, we implemented multi-binding of variables When the inference engine returns the bindings for a precondition, the planner retains them in groups by variable...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... electroplating, smelting, and ore processing (ATSDR 1994) Mine tailings and drainage from mines can contain high concentrations of zinc (Cobb et al 2000) The fate and transport of zinc (Zn+2) in the ... because of inadequacies data reporting Risk Assessment A comprehensive risk assessment was performed in an attempt to quantify the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks, associated with ingestion ... federal agencies, and individuals conducting human health risk assessments It contains information on the human health risk assessment process used in CERCLA mandated remedial investigations and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:10

... as insect pest populations increas- Risk Assessment 31 ingly are exposed to high levels of Bt proteins over ining the frequency of recombination events in long periods, emergence of resistant individuals ... to individuals or groups of individuals are determined In combination, they determine a level Despite the inherent level of uncertainty of risk (R) This is commonly described algorithmi- involved ... questions taken into consideration Alternatively, making based on points raised by outside contacts, thus experience and information available in written bringing wider input to the risk- assessment...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:11

... formaldehyde levels may decline initially after washing, the levels may start increasing again after multiple washes This can be explained by noting that during washing and ironing, resins fixed on clothes ... exposure (Intaketotal) shown in Eq 1: Intake  Intakeskin  Intakeinhalation total (1) Skin exposure Consumers can be directly exposed to formaldehyde dermally by wearing clothing processed with it ... conditioners, that remain in clothes washed and softened with such substances, but not formaldehyde) Intakeskin  C  S  FD  F1  F2  N / BW (2) where Intakeskin.: dermal (skin) systemic consumer...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... suggested that feedback merely containing risk information would be insufficient to initiate health-behaviour change[11] It was acknowledged that improvements in affecting health-behaviour change could ... caloric intake, smoking status, and Framingham CVD risk score as a proxy for cardiovascular risk factor levels) as covariates The Framingham score estimates 10-year CVD mortality and morbidity risk ... High CVD risk (Framingham score ≥ 20%) 1213(73%) 132(21%) Intermediate CVD risk (Framingham score ≥ 10% - < 20%) 0.204 0.578 379(23%) Body Mass Index category Normal weight: Body Mass Index

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... research done within the field of ecotoxicology and risk assessment is financed through tax payer’s money and to not find a way for use of this data in risk assessments would be an inefficient and ... hypothesis testing statistics in ecological risk assessment Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 1996, 2(2):331-347 Newman MC: “What exactly are you inferring?” A closer look at hypothesis testing Environmental ... pharmaceuticals according to the EMA guideline However, we still see that the studies could contribute to the risk assessment by acting as supporting information We are currently developing a new suggestion...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20