modeling of mass exchange units for environmental applications

... mitigated before the expiration of the In the latter case, criticality is mitigated successfully before expires Higher the RF for a criticality, lesser is the time (in terms of fraction of window -of- opportunity) ... the duration of window -of- opportunity and the time for performing the mitigative action for the single criticality, respectively o s b !i | Denition is the Utilization Factor for controlling ... to perform the action , @ (1) is the set of resources that are required to perform the action , is the average cost in performing , and is the average probability of successful completion of within...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL & BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2013 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to offer ... MODIFICATION OF FERROMAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES FOR SEPARATION OF TOXIC HEAVY METALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS ZAYED BIN ZAKIR SHAWON B.Sc (Chemical Engineering) Bangladesh University of Engineering ... characterization of magnetic nanoparticles 118 5.3 Adsorption of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ ions 122 5.3.1 Effects of pH 122 5.3.2 Effects of ionic strength 124 5.3.3 Effects of temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 08/09/2015, 19:41

... efficiencies of compressor systems, a performance based efficiency factor could be implemented into the model formulation This, however, necessitates the availability of performance curves of compressor ... composition for which there is the greatest match between the hot and cold composite curves The first recommendation for WENS is developing model with variable speed that will offer optimal synthesis of ... Chapter Conclusions and Recommendations One area of possible improvement in the model is compressor performance modeling The current model assumes that the compressor efficiency...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 16:41

... temperature of a stream are known constants     Figure 4.1 Multi-stage superstructure for each stream in WEN synthesis  70    Chapter Work Exchange Networks Synthesis 4.3 MINLP Formulation for a Fixed ... stage, we set vsk = for I+1 ≤ s ≤ S=I+J and ≤ k ≤ Ks While we not use these as optimization variables in our model, we still keep them in our formulation for the sake of uniformity Since we are ... various units The costs of heaters and coolers depend on the streams and are linear functions of their duties The costs of valves and utility movers depend on the streams and are linear functions of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 16:41

... we formulate the model for feed stream exchanging energy with three different refrigeration cycles Second, we formulate model for PR cycle Third, we formulate model for MR cycle Fourth, we formulate ... aforementioned diverse situations through the generation of sets of optimal operating conditions for different scenarios This indicates the potentiality of this model to form the groundwork for ... both vapor and liquid streams, we only describe formulation for vapor stream Enthalpy of any MR vapor stream comprises of three terms: ideal heat of formation Hfv, ideal gas enthalpy Hidv, and departure...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 16:41

... networks for heat exchangers15,16, steam turbines17,18, reactors19,20, separation21, mass exchange2 2,23, fuel gas24, and utility25, surprisingly, no work has so far developed a systematic procedure for ... heuristics-based methodology may not offer the most economical network Therefore, there is a need for a cost-based structural optimization approach for work exchange network synthesis as presented ... economically save a lot of energy Therefore, an MINLP formulation is utilized to exchange both pressure and temperature energy among different streams to minimize the total cost of the network This...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 16:41

... has the capacity of transporting an equivalent of several billion cubic feet of NG It was reported in year 2008 that at least 27.8% of international trade in NG is in the form of LNG and continued ... challenges of the aforementioned processes Next, Chapter describes the challenges, simulation, formulation, and optimization strategy for the AP-XTM system Several case studies are illustrated for advance ... Introduction and strict environmental regulations on CO2 emissions are among the several driving forces underlying the need for energy conservation 1.1 LNG Processes Among the aforementioned fossil...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 16:41

... comparison of the rate of the photocatalytic reaction under test with that obtained for the standard test system would provide some idea of the efficiency of the former process and allow some degree of ... treatment The TiO2 was found to be uniformly coated on the surface of CdS and this led to an enlargement of the nanoparticles In the absence of ultrasound, the formation of large irregular aggregates ... quantum yield for a photoreaction (˚overall ) is defined as follows [22], rate of reaction incident monochromatic light intensity = rate of disappearance of substrate rate of disappearance of phenol...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:20

... length a value of around 14 nm—corresponding to a pb value of around 1.4× 1023 m−3, see Eq 16—and for the size of the grain-grain contact a value of around 100 nm (one fifth of the value of the grain ... ð10Þ dx VS for all values of VS By using (8), (15) and (17) one obtains for the sensor layer resistance: use the results of the first analytical integration of the Poisson’s equation for a p-type ... 600 meV For the latter case, the value of the Debye length is around 0.8 nm—corresponding to a pb value of around 4× 1025 m−3—and the value of the size of the grain-grain contact a value of around...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:04

... the pegged exchange rate This situation differs from the defense of an overvalued exchange rate, which requires selling foreign currency and poses the risk of running out of foreign exchange reserves ... pronounced left tails of the distributions indicate an increased incidence of deep recessions and deflationary periods For example, for an i∗ of 1% the probability of a recession of at least -1.5 times ... 27 Figure 8: Distortion of Stationary Distribution of the Real Effective Exchange Rate Bias of Standard Deviation Bias of Mean 1.20 1.20 linear rule for k nonlinear rule for k 0.80 0.80 0.40 0.40...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 23:20

... much more silver by mass, the effects of the glass transition are assumed to be negligible The latent heat of ink is then weighted by the mass fraction of the silver The effect of melting is considered ... along the centerline of the inksubstrate interface for 2.0 W of laser power when the center of the laser is located 90 ␮m from the beginning of scan The figure shows the region of the heated area ... temperature, is only of the order of milliseconds Also, the substrate near the interface is only above the damage threshold of soda-lime glass for less than 0.5 and 0.2 ms for scan speeds of 0.1 and 0.4...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:54

... system is fixed; hence only tuning of some soft parameters is performed for these platforms to improve the application performance and resource usage Examples of such soft parameters include interrupt ... platform generation SystemC TLM level with area and energy Platform configuration selected SystemC TLM Platform to VHDL platform PIM to PSM transformation HW/SW platform generation for FPGA platforms ... file for hardware description where the hardware modules are being initialized Provision of these IPs and ease of modeling makes IBM TLM a suitable tool for platform generation and its performance...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... and a Member of the Center for Computer Systems Security (CCSS) of the Information Sciences Institute (ISI) of the University of Southern California He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical ... attack The detection of this attack is used as a test case for examining the performance of mutual information-based detection The mutual information of the time series of the average link utilization ... potential utility of signal processing techniques such as mutual information for the detection of network traffic anomalies A comprehensive examination of the performance in terms of false positives...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... Correlation between loss of turgor and accumulation of abscisic acid in detached leaves Planta 148, 174182 Raschke K (1979) Movements of stomata In: Physiology of Movements Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, ... immunoaffinity-column before feeding The xylem sap of drying plants had an inhibiting effect regardless of its abscisic acid content There is controversy in the literature about the more general aspects of root/shoot ... resistance of plants 11 Effects of root medium and time of day in barley and lupin Aust J Plant Physiol.11, 341-350 Passioura J.B & Tanner C.B (1985) Oscillations in apparent hydraulic conductance of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... constant constant constant constant constant constant for for for for for for forward reaction backward reaction forward reaction backward reaction forward reaction backward reaction 0.0500 0.1099 ... dependency of the transesterification reaction on the stirrer speed for a fixed time of reaction plays a vital role for optimal completion of reaction Thus, the transesterification reaction for biodiesel ... been solved for better understanding of the dynamical behaviour of the transesterification reaction in the perspective of mass transfer kinetics Pontryagin Minimum Principle is used for observing...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 14:40

... diaphragm profile of pressure sensor before dynamic testing; (b) The recorded data of the topography across the diaphragm before the dynamic testing; (c) The 2-D diaphragm profile of the pressure ... feeling of the surgeon; thus the force or pressure feedback of the passing guidewire is extremely difficult to quantify Besides, quantitative information of force or pressure feedback of the passing ... the integration of piezoresistive SiNWs for sensor applications [35,36] CHAPTER Our work is devoted to exploring the practical value of SiNWs and their integration with MEMS for applications In...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:08

... concentrations of ferrocenes (Fig 2.3B), as expected for mass transfer limited behaviours The slope of the linear curve presents diffusion coefficient of the ferrocene Diffusion coefficients of FcMeOH ... electrophoretic mobility of gold nanoparticles with different sizes [16] transport of proteins and selective separation of proteins of different charges [15] In this work, the mobilities of charged species ... photochemical controls for specific transport of charged species [11, 12] Yamaguchi et al found that the diffusivities of ferrocenes inside silica-surfactant nanochannels formed within a porous...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:56

... separate the D, L forms of a racemic mixture of (D/L) [11], and to isolate and to concentrate the L form Martin et al could achieve fivefold difference between the transport rates of D- and L-amino ... platinum-coated layers of a micrometer-thick membrane This has the advantage of achieving high field strengths of about 30 kV m−1 suitable for electrokinetic transport of proteins using very ... point of Lys was 11.0, which was higher than the solution pH of 5.5 At 76 -1.5 V, the receiver side of membrane was of opposite charge to the Lys protein, thus the attractive electrophoretic force...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:56

... from Prof Ng in collaboration 4.2.2 Inactivation of virus Inactivation of virus was performed by the addition of binary ethyleneimine to the virus suspension to give a final concentration of 0.1 ... 4.6 Plot of AC voltammetry responses (Ip) of the membrane electrodes as a function of square root angular frequency (w1/2) after each step of the sensor preparation procedure for sensing of (A) ... potentially suitable for extreme analysis of a small sample quantity For example, using an array of conical gold nanopores functionalized with thiolated-biotin [16], specific detection of streptavidin...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:56

... base of ca 25 nm ring thickness is available for the electrodeposition of PB nanotubes Cross-section profile of the membrane electrode after 15 electrodeposition potential cycles reveals growth of ... of the electrochemical conversion between the PB and ES forms and the reversible incorporation of solution K+ ions into/out of the tubes for the PB nanotube sensor To investigate the reason for ... moderate scan rate of 50 mV s-1 154 5.4.3 Performance of PB nanotube K+ selective sensor Fabrication of fast response and stable potassium ion selective sensor are useful for measurement of physiological...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57