modeling of fixed bed catalytic reactors

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Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... plot of water surface in 2D simulation of Exp-1 …………….95 Figure 6.35 Carpet plot of water surface in 2D simulation of Exp-2…………… 95 Figure 6.36 Carpet plot of water surface in 2D simulation of ... plot of water surface in 2D simulation of Exp-4…………… 96 Figure 6.38 Carpet plot of water surface in 2D simulation of Exp-5…………… 97 Figure 6.39 Carpet plot of water surface in 2D simulation of ... surface profile analysis of open channel flows over a circular surface. Journal of Applied Mechanics, JSCE, Vol. 8, pp 847-854, 2005. 5. Anh T. N. and Hosoda T.: Free surface profile analysis of flows...

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Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 12:15

... measure of goodness -of- fit. When the third item suggests that the model is an unlikely match to the data, then items (i) and (ii) are probably worthless. Unfortunately, many practitioners of parameter ... RECIPES IN C: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (ISBN 0-521-43108-5) Copyright (C) 1988-1992 by Cambridge University Press.Programs Copyright (C) 1988-1992 by Numerical Recipes Software. Permission ... based on? The answer to these questions takes us into the subject of maximum likelihood estimators. Given a particular data set of x i ’s and y i ’s, we have the intuitive feeling that some parameter...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... distribution is often rather poorly realized, if it is realized at all. We are often taught, rather casually, that, on average, measurements will fall within ±σ of the true value 68 percent of the time, ... time, within ±2σ 95 percent of the time, and within ±3σ 99.7 percent of the time. Extending this, one would expect a measurement to be off by ±20σ only one time out of 2 × 10 88 .Weall know that ... that the standard deviations σ of these normal distributionsare the same for all points. Then the probability of the data set is the product of the probabilities of each point, P ∝ N  i=1  exp  − 1 2  y i −...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... problem of fitting a set of N data points (x i ,y i )to a straight-line model y(x)=y(x;a, b)=a+bx (15.2.1) 666 Chapter 15. Modeling of Data Sample page from NUMERICAL RECIPES IN C: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC ... variance of the linear combination y i − a − bx i of two random variables x i and y i , Var( y i − a − bx i )=Var( y i )+b 2 Var( x i )=σ 2 yi +b 2 σ 2 xi ≡1/w i (15.3.3) The sum of the square of N ... =1, ,M (15.1.7) Equation (15.1.7) is, in general, a set of M nonlinear equations for the M unknown a k . Various of the procedures described subsequently in this chapter derive from (15.1.7) and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... float *xx,*yy,*sx,*sy,*ww,aa,offs; float chixy(float bang) Captive function of fitexy , returns the value of (χ 2 − offs ) for the slope b=tan(bang) . Scaled data and offs are communicated via the ... variance of the linear combination y i − a − bx i of two random variables x i and y i , Var(y i − a − bx i )=Var(y i )+b 2 Var(x i )=σ 2 yi +b 2 σ 2 xi ≡1/w i (15.3.3) The sum of the square of N ... of varying b, successful numerical root-finding leads to a value of ∆a that minimizes χ 2 for the value of ∆b that gives ∆χ 2 =1.This(see Figure 15.3.1) directly gives the tangent projection of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... combinations of the columns of V, with coefficients obtained by forming dot products of the columns 672 Chapter 15. Modeling of Data Sample page from NUMERICAL RECIPES IN C: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC ... thestandard deviationsof themeasureddependentvariable. The measured values of the dependent variable do not enter the design matrix. Solution by Use of the Normal Equations The minimum of (15.4.3) occurs ... vector of length M. The equations (15.4.6) or (15.4.7) are called the normal equations of the least- squares problem. They can be solved for the vector of parameters a by the standard methods of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... and alamda de- creases by a factor of 10. If a step fails alamda grows by a factor of 10. You must call this 684 Chapter 15. Modeling of Data Sample page from NUMERICAL RECIPES IN C: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING ... even when they must be offered without proof. Figure 15.6.1 shows the conceptual scheme of an experiment that “measures” a set of parameters. There is some underlying true set of parameters a true that ... name of the game is to find some way of estimating or approximating the probability distributionof a (i) −a true without knowing a true and withouthaving available to us an infinite universe of hypothetical...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... even when they must be offered without proof. Figure 15.6.1 shows the conceptual scheme of an experiment that “measures” a set of parameters. There is some underlying true set of parameters a true that ... name of the game is to find some way of estimating or approximating the probability distributionof a (i) −a true without knowing a true and withouthaving available to us an infinite universe of hypothetical ... techniques, and seek to minimize the uncertainty of the result according to any desired criteria. Offered the choice between mastery of a five-foot shelf of analytical statistics books and middling...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... function of a single variable z ≡ [y i − y(x i )]/σ i . If we now define the derivative of ρ(z) to be a function ψ(z), ψ(z) ≡ dρ(z) dz (15.7.4) then the generalization of (15.1.7) to the case of a ... on the following fact: The median c M of a set of numbers c i is also that value which minimizes the sum of the absolute deviations  i |c i − c M | (Proof: Differentiate the above expression ... example, the equality or inequality of two distributions can be estimated by the Wilcoxon test of computing the mean rank of one distribution in a combined sample of both distributions. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 13:20

... convergence of embedded minimal surfaces of a fixed genus in a fixed 3-manifold. This is due to the next theorem which loosely speaking asserts that any sequence of embedded minimal surfaces of fixed ... application of Rado’s theorem; cf. the proof of theorem 1.22 in [CM4]), Σ 0,t is itself a graph, giving the lemma. The next lemma bounds the radius of the intrinsic tubular neighborhood of B 2 ∩ ... The fourth paper of this series will deal with how the multi-valued graphs fit together and, in particular, prove regularity of the set of points of large curvature – the axis of the double spiral...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 17:20

... price of steel in 2004 and 2005 and the near doubling of the price of titanium between January 2005 and April 2006. Data and Price Trends 15 Ideally, we would next explore the sources of escalation ... Naval Air Systems Command NGC Northrop Grumman Corporation OPNAV Office of the Chief of Naval Operations OSD Office of the Secretary of Defense OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PA&E ... Labor Rates As described above, labor costs are a significant portion of the total system cost. us, changes in labor rates are of importance to under- standing the influence of the economic factors....

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 23:20

... O d1 of the side chain of Asn87 in the S4 strand, with distances of 2.82 A ˚ and 2.97 A ˚ , respectively. The plane of the base of A20 and the end plane of the carbamoyl group of Asn87 are out of ... tRNA Arg ICG . Distances between C1¢ of C72 of the 1Æ72 pair in the acceptor stem, C1¢ of G18 forming a hydrogen bond to U55 of the T-loop and C1¢ of C31 or G39 of 31Æ39 of the anticodon stem of tRNA were compared ... formation of the hydrogen bond between O2 of the carboxyl group of the cognate amino acid and the 2¢-OH group of the ribose moiety of A76 maintains the appropriate orientation of the carboxyl group of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... particular, phosphorylation of dGuo was reduced markedly. Structure of Dm-dNK-E52D in complex with dTTP The structure of one of the mutants, E52D, was solved using X-ray crystallography at a resolution of 2.5 A ˚ in complex ... levels of phosphorylation expressed in rela- tion to percentage dThd phosphorylation of the wild-type. Relative phosphorylation expressed as a relation of the percentage of dThd phosphorylation of ... quantitation of microgram quantities of protein util- izing the principle of protein–dye binding. Anal Biochem 72, 248–254. 22 Knecht W, Bergjohann U, Gonski S, Kirschbaum B & Loffler M (1996)...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 02:20