military budgets and defense spending

... Network Attack and Defense 367 CH A P TER 18 Network Attack and Defense Whoever thinks his problem can be solved using cryptography, doesn’t understand his problem and doesn’ t understand cryptography. —ATTRIBUTED ... enough, and either does the attack very slowly or does a large number of small attacks. Chapter 18: Network Attack and Defense 381 monoculture today); and that people who stayed calm and didn’t ... Alice shortly beforehand and use the fact that the value of Y changed in a predictable way between one connection and the next. Modern stacks use random number generators and other techniques...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 16:20

... Mil-Specs and Mil-Stds by directing the services and rele- vant defense agencies to “use performance and commercial specifications and standards instead of military specifications and standards, ... Mr. Stephen Lowell and Mr. Bill Lee, Defense Logistics Agency; Mr. Lynn Mohler, U.S. Army Standardization Office; and Mr. Clark Walker and Major Walter Hallman, U.S. Air Force Standardization Office. ... its military specifications and standards reform (MSSR) efforts appeared to be underfunded. The study had four objectives: first, to define the status of Navy military specification and standards...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 08:20

... contemporary virus threats, defense techniques, and books on computer viruses, The Art of Computer Virus Research and Defense is a reference written strictly for white hats: IT and security professionals responsible ... over 70 articles and papers on the subject of computer viruses and security for magazines such as Virus Bulletin, Chip, Source, Windows NT Magazine, and Information Security IT and security professionals ... Scanning and Copyright Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 15:20

... draft responses provided by DP, DPAP and DCMA and agree with their views. DP and DPAP Management Comments. In a joint memorandum dated July 10, 2012, DP and DPAP responded that they strongly ... potential for identifying fraud, waste and abuse, iii. The potential for identifying Federal Acquisition Regulation and Cost Accounting Standard violations, and iv. The need to serve the public ... Management Comments and Our Response. See Finding A, Management Comments, and Finding A, Our Response, regarding those aspects of the joint DPAP and DP response related to DCMA performance and any actions...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 23:20

... annual budgets and accounts. Controlling interperiod equity calls for appropriate budgeting and accounting systems, and also equity measures, although the latter are in practice ambiguous and controversial. Public ... budgeting and budgetary accounting are traditionally based on the concepts of expenditure and revenue, and the principle that annual revenues should cover annual expenditures, i.e. the budgets and ... 102.61 million) and the total balance for 2004–2007 is EUR 79.67 million 7 (see Table 4 and Figure 2). The surplus for 2005 is sufficient to cover the deficit spending and balance the budget and accounts...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 08:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:20

... DOES THE WEB APPLICATION  REQUIRE AUTHENTICATION OF THE  USER?  Many Web applications require another server  authenticate users  Examine how information is passed between the  two servers  Encrypted channels  Verify that logon and password information is  stored on secure places  Authentication servers introduce a second target 44 37 34 APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES  COUNTERMEASURES (CONTINUED)  Top­10 Web application vulnerabilities (continued)  Remote administration flaws  Attacker can gain access to the Web server through the  remote administration interface  Web and application server misconfiguration  Any Web server software out of the box is usually vulnerable  to attack  Default accounts and passwords  Overly informative error messages 32 16 WEB FORMS  Use the <form> element or tag in an HTML document  Allows customer to submit information to the Web server  Web servers process information from a Web form by  using a Web application  Easy way for attackers to intercept data that users  submit to a Web server 7 APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES  COUNTERMEASURES  Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP)  Open, not­for­profit organization dedicated to finding  and fighting vulnerabilities in Web applications  Publishes the Ten Most Critical Web Application  Security Vulnerabilities  Top­10 Web application vulnerabilities  Unvalidated parameters  HTTP requests are not validated by the Web server  Broken access control  Developers implement access controls but fail to test them  properly 29 USING SCRIPTING LANGUAGES  Dynamic Web pages can be developed using scripting  languages  VBScript  JavaScript  PHP 18 OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY  (ODBC) (CONTINUED)  ODBC defines  Standardized representation of data types  A library of ODBC functions  Standard methods of connecting to and logging on to a  DBMS 24 WEB APPLICATION COMPONENTS  Static Web pages  Created using HTML  Dynamic Web pages  Need special components  <form> tags  Common Gateway Interface (CGI)  Active Server Pages (ASP)  PHP  ColdFusion  Scripting languages  Database connectors 6 APACHE WEB SERVER  Tomcat Apache is another Web Server program  Tomcat Apache hosts anywhere from 50% to 60% of all  Web sites  Advantages  Works on just about any *NIX and Windows platform  It is free  Requires Java 2 Standard Runtime Environment (J2SE,  version 5.0) 15 ON WHAT PLATFORM WAS THE WEB  APPLICATION DEVELOPED?  Several different platforms and technologies can  be used to develop Web applications  Attacks differ depending on the platform and technology used to develop the application  Footprinting is used to find out as much information  as possible about a target system  The more you know about a system the easier it is to  gather information about its vulnerabilities 45 OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY  (ODBC)  Standard database access method developed by  the SQL Access Group  ODBC interface allows an application to access  Data stored in a database management system  Any system that understands and can issue ODBC  commands  Interoperability among back­end DBMS is a key  feature of the ODBC interface 23 48 UNDERSTANDING WEB APPLICATIONS  It is nearly impossible to write a program without bugs  Some bugs create security vulnerabilities  Web applications also have bugs  Web applications have a larger user base than standalone  applications  Bugs are a bigger problem for Web applications 5 DOES THE WEB APPLICATION  CONNECT TO A BACKEND DATABASE  SERVER? (CONTINUED)  Basic testing should look for  Whether you can enter text with punctuation marks  Whether you can enter a single quotation mark followed by  any SQL keywords  Whether you can get any sort of database error when  attempting to inject SQL 43 DOES THE WEB APPLICATION USE  DYNAMIC WEB PAGES?  Static Web pages do not create a security  environment  IIS attack example  Submitting a specially formatted URL to the  attacked Web server  IIS does not correctly parse the URL  information  Attackers could launch a Unicode exploit http://www.nopatchiss.com/scripts/ ... DOES THE WEB APPLICATION  REQUIRE AUTHENTICATION OF THE  USER?  Many Web applications require another server  authenticate users  Examine how information is passed between the  two servers  Encrypted channels  Verify that logon and password information is  stored on secure places  Authentication servers introduce a second target 44 37 34 APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES  COUNTERMEASURES (CONTINUED)  Top­10 Web application vulnerabilities (continued)  Remote administration flaws  Attacker can gain access to the Web server through the  remote administration interface  Web and application server misconfiguration  Any Web server software out of the box is usually vulnerable  to attack  Default accounts and passwords  Overly informative error messages 32 16 WEB FORMS  Use the <form> element or tag in an HTML document  Allows customer to submit information to the Web server  Web servers process information from a Web form by  using a Web application  Easy way for attackers to intercept data that users  submit to a Web server 7 APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES  COUNTERMEASURES  Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP)  Open, not­for­profit organization dedicated to finding  and fighting vulnerabilities in Web applications  Publishes the Ten Most Critical Web Application  Security Vulnerabilities  Top­10 Web application vulnerabilities  Unvalidated parameters  HTTP requests are not validated by the Web server  Broken access control  Developers implement access controls but fail to test them  properly 29 USING SCRIPTING LANGUAGES  Dynamic Web pages can be developed using scripting  languages  VBScript  JavaScript  PHP 18 OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY  (ODBC) (CONTINUED)  ODBC defines  Standardized representation of data types  A library of ODBC functions  Standard methods of connecting to and logging on to a  DBMS 24 WEB APPLICATION COMPONENTS  Static Web pages  Created using HTML  Dynamic Web pages  Need special components  <form> tags  Common Gateway Interface (CGI)  Active Server Pages (ASP)  PHP  ColdFusion  Scripting languages  Database connectors 6 APACHE WEB SERVER  Tomcat Apache is another Web Server program  Tomcat Apache hosts anywhere from 50% to 60% of all  Web sites  Advantages  Works on just about any *NIX and Windows platform  It is free  Requires Java 2 Standard Runtime Environment (J2SE,  version 5.0) 15 ON WHAT PLATFORM WAS THE WEB  APPLICATION DEVELOPED?  Several different platforms and technologies can  be used to develop Web applications  Attacks differ depending on the platform and technology used to develop the application  Footprinting is used to find out as much information  as possible about a target system  The more you know about a system the easier it is to  gather information about its vulnerabilities 45 OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY  (ODBC)  Standard database access method developed by  the SQL Access Group  ODBC interface allows an application to access  Data stored in a database management system  Any system that understands and can issue ODBC  commands  Interoperability among back­end DBMS is a key  feature of the ODBC interface 23 48 UNDERSTANDING WEB APPLICATIONS  It is nearly impossible to write a program without bugs  Some bugs create security vulnerabilities  Web applications also have bugs  Web applications have a larger user base than standalone  applications  Bugs are a bigger problem for Web applications 5 DOES THE WEB APPLICATION  CONNECT TO A BACKEND DATABASE  SERVER? (CONTINUED)  Basic testing should look for  Whether you can enter text with punctuation marks  Whether you can enter a single quotation mark followed by  any SQL keywords  Whether you can get any sort of database error when  attempting to inject SQL 43 DOES THE WEB APPLICATION USE  DYNAMIC WEB PAGES?  Static Web pages do not create a security  environment  IIS attack example  Submitting a specially formatted URL to the  attacked Web server  IIS does not correctly parse the URL  information  Attackers could launch a Unicode exploit http://www.nopatchiss.com/scripts/ ... DOES THE WEB APPLICATION  REQUIRE AUTHENTICATION OF THE  USER?  Many Web applications require another server  authenticate users  Examine how information is passed between the  two servers  Encrypted channels  Verify that logon and password information is  stored on secure places  Authentication servers introduce a second target 44 37 34 APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES  COUNTERMEASURES (CONTINUED)  Top­10 Web application vulnerabilities (continued)  Remote administration flaws  Attacker can gain access to the Web server through the  remote administration interface  Web and application server misconfiguration  Any Web server software out of the box is usually vulnerable  to attack  Default accounts and passwords  Overly informative error messages 32 16 WEB FORMS  Use the <form> element or tag in an HTML document  Allows customer to submit information to the Web server  Web servers process information from a Web form by  using a Web application  Easy way for attackers to intercept data that users  submit to a Web server 7 APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES  COUNTERMEASURES  Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP)  Open, not­for­profit organization dedicated to finding  and fighting vulnerabilities in Web applications  Publishes the Ten Most Critical Web Application  Security Vulnerabilities  Top­10 Web application vulnerabilities  Unvalidated parameters  HTTP requests are not validated by the Web server  Broken access control  Developers implement access controls but fail to test them  properly 29 USING SCRIPTING LANGUAGES  Dynamic Web pages can be developed using scripting  languages  VBScript  JavaScript  PHP 18 OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY  (ODBC) (CONTINUED)  ODBC defines  Standardized representation of data types  A library of ODBC functions  Standard methods of connecting to and logging on to a  DBMS 24 WEB APPLICATION COMPONENTS  Static Web pages  Created using HTML  Dynamic Web pages  Need special components  <form> tags  Common Gateway Interface (CGI)  Active Server Pages (ASP)  PHP  ColdFusion  Scripting languages  Database connectors 6 APACHE WEB SERVER  Tomcat Apache is another Web Server program  Tomcat Apache hosts anywhere from 50% to 60% of all  Web sites  Advantages  Works on just about any *NIX and Windows platform  It is free  Requires Java 2 Standard Runtime Environment (J2SE,  version 5.0) 15 ON WHAT PLATFORM WAS THE WEB  APPLICATION DEVELOPED?  Several different platforms and technologies can  be used to develop Web applications  Attacks differ depending on the platform and technology used to develop the application  Footprinting is used to find out as much information  as possible about a target system  The more you know about a system the easier it is to  gather information about its vulnerabilities 45 OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY  (ODBC)  Standard database access method developed by  the SQL Access Group  ODBC interface allows an application to access  Data stored in a database management system  Any system that understands and can issue ODBC  commands  Interoperability among back­end DBMS is a key  feature of the ODBC interface 23 48 UNDERSTANDING WEB APPLICATIONS  It is nearly impossible to write a program without bugs  Some bugs create security vulnerabilities  Web applications also have bugs  Web applications have a larger user base than standalone  applications  Bugs are a bigger problem for Web applications 5 DOES THE WEB APPLICATION  CONNECT TO A BACKEND DATABASE  SERVER? (CONTINUED)  Basic testing should look for  Whether you can enter text with punctuation marks  Whether you can enter a single quotation mark followed by  any SQL keywords  Whether you can get any sort of database error when  attempting to inject SQL 43 DOES THE WEB APPLICATION USE  DYNAMIC WEB PAGES?  Static Web pages do not create a security  environment  IIS attack example  Submitting a specially formatted URL to the  attacked Web server  IIS does not correctly parse the URL  information  Attackers could launch a Unicode exploit http://www.nopatchiss.com/scripts/...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2012, 10:44

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2013, 11:07

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Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:02

... and from many different sources. There are physical threats, like fires, floods, terrorist activities, and random acts of violence. And there are electronic threats like hackers, vandals, and ... has occurred and clean up the mess expeditiously and completely, and then tune our defenses to keep it from happening to us again. One of the most effective attacks that penetrates standard perimeters ... of us. What role and responsibility are you willing to accept for defense in depth? 1 - 28 Defense in Depth - SANS ©2001 28 Code Red – Defense in Depth •Threat – No perimeter defense – Default...

Ngày tải lên: 09/12/2013, 17:15

... 173 SmartDefense Chapter 7 SmartDefense The Need for SmartDefense 178 SmartDefense Solution 180 Introducing SmartDefense 180 Defending Against the Next Generation of Threats 181 Network and Transport ... and Methods by Source and Destination 379 Basic URL Filtering 380 URL Logging 380 Java and ActiveX Security 381 Securing XML Web Services (SOAP) 382 Understanding HTTP Sessions, Connections and ... username and password management) and authentication methods (how users authenticate). Firewall and SmartDefense Administration Guide Version NGX R65 701682 March 13, 2007 Section 3: SmartDefense ...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 14:16

... discussion and its impacts on speaking and its impacts on speaking ability of the non-major ability of the non-major students at the post- students at the post- elementary level in Military ... participants in PTP group performed better and more accurately than those in NP group in terms of EFVF and EFNF (in terms of tense, subject verb agreement and pronouncing morpheme-s in plurality ... complexity and accuracy. - Find out other factors affect students’ speaking competence - experiment in higher or mixed proficiency level students - Include the subjects of both male and female...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 10:33

... Education and GDP United States United Kingdom Switzerland Sweden Spain Portugal Poland Norway New Zealand Netherlands Korea Japan Italy Ireland Iceland Hungary Greece Germany France Finland Denmark Czech ... education spending and student performance in developed countries. Greenwald, Hedges, and Laine (1996), Hanushek and Kimko (2000), and Hanushek (2002) The empirical evidence for a direct and ... Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United States 99980 99990 100000 200...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 09:20