mileage and crash costs

... 3% and 0% discounting rates for both costs and health effects. Results Lifetime costs and health effects Table 3 presents the average (half) yearly costs and the EuroQoL-5 D score at discharge and ... CP: Treatment and secondary prevention of stroke: evidence, costs, and effects on individuals and populations*. The Lancet 1999, 354:1457-1463. Baeten et al. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation ... 0-1, 2-3, 4 and 5 was 5.94, 5.16, 3.87 and 3.64 for men, and 6.91, 5.94, 4.92, and 4.51 for women. Corre- sponding lifetime QALYs were estimated at 4.12, 3.00, 1.39, 02 for men, and 4.80, 3.28,...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:35

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... countries, Finland carries a lower debt lev- el than the U.S. and Canada. e data show that Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland each has a much smaller national debt than Canada, the U.S. and the ... Fin- land had a surplus of . of , Denmark had a surplus of . of , and Sweden had a sur- plus of . of . Among the Anglo-Ameri- can countries, New Zealand, Ireland, Austral- ia, and ... and thus pro- ductivity growth; and a more equal society bears fewer of the costs of social stratification such as increased health costs, crime control costs, and the cost of inner city decay. e...

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Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 11:20

... accommodation or garaging and security. All these costs of keeping and operating equipment should be considered. And someone will probably be needed to use the equipment. This might entail costs relating ... project, and the costs and staffing asso- ciated with training become another key stage to incorporate. Staff costs for a project can be estimated by analysing the project into tasks and working ... skilled use of equipment, and supervision and training for staff unfamiliar with the equipment. MATERIALS COSTS There will be many categories of materials, supplies and consumables used in a...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 08:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/11/2013, 14:10

... and currency transformation and asymmetric information, which make the industry particularly vulnerable to collapse following adverse shocks (e.g. Jacklin and Bhattacharya, 1988 and Diamond and ... assets, problem loans, and so on. We have identified and dated episodes of banking sector distress following the criteria of Caprio and Klingebiel (1997) and DemirghH-Kunt and Detragiache (1998). ... “Financial Crises: Characteristics and Indicators of Vulnerability”. Jacklin, Charles and Sudipto Bhattacharya (1988): “Distinguishing Panics and Information Base Bank Runs: Welfare and Policy Implications,”...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 10:15

... strategies to reduce network costs and improve quality of service. In one urban market, a major national wireless service provider has improved network traffic loading and significantly boosted ... traffic loading improvements and how the team determined the number of RF channels needed to achieve the desired GOS. Digivance ® Simulcast Networks Reduce Network Costs and Improve Quality of Service ... Benefits of Simulcast Simulcast networks also can substantially reduce required switch and handoff processing and further improve trunking efficiencies within a given coverage area. In addition,...

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Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 15:19

... equally spectacular bust how stock crashes unfold and impact the average citizen how to prepare for mar- ket crashes and their aftermath and how to find safety and build true wealth even in the ... his eyes away from the window and reminded him that the consultants were waiting in a private conference room 40 Crash Profits: Make Money When Stocks Sink and Soar And so it was that even after ... company and pull out a king’s ransom, yet keep share- holders in the dark almost indefinitely. 24 Crash Profits: Make Money When Stocks Sink and Soar for this once-in-a-lifetime IPO. And for...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 19:21

... (i.e. costs = prices), and so invariant. However, the other two factors varied considerably between London and elsewhere: employee costs averaged £400 per week in London and £300 elsewhere and ... Act, a National Care Standards Commission will be established to apply a common set of standards to residential and nursing homes, and in future the same regulations and standards will be applied ... investigate the relationship between factors associated with demand for, and costs of care and prices, and factors associated with the costs of local authority managed care. From the analyses it would...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 18:20

... into fours,) drizzle some olive oil and balsamic vinegar over it, sprinkle a little salt and pepper, and bake in the oven. It goes well with most meats and even fish, or mixed in with a salad ... Powerful Sex Foods and Stimulants Page 1 Powerful Sex Foods and Stimulants! Table of Contents: Back To Basics On Physical and Mental Health Sex Foods and Stimulants The ... minerals and amino acids… and it’s a great source of protein. Almonds: Low in Cholesterol, and a good source of Magnesium. They’re also a very good source of Vitamin E, Potassium, Protein, and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 21:20

...  requiringnaturalgasorpropaneasasourceofheat;therebysavingvaluable and diminishing naturalresources.Spaceheaters and furnacesareexcellentcandidates.Stoves and other cookingunitssuchasbarbecuegrillscanalsobefueledbythewater‐hybridsystem.Such applicationsrequireaseparatepowersupplytoconvertyourhomes120voltACpowerintothe 12voltDCpowerrequiredbythewater‐hybridsystem.Youcanpurchaseaninexpensivepower supplyatanyelectronicsstoresuchasRadioShack,or havesomeonefamiliarwithelectronics buildoneforyousincethedesignisverysimple.Thecostofhomeelectricityusedbythe water‐hybridsystemisinsignificant,probablylessthan$3permonthinmostcases.  IstheWaterhybridsystemdifficulttobuild? No,thewater‐hybridsystemisrelativelyeasytoassemble and veryeasytoinstall,especially comparedwithotherconversionplansonthemarket.Nospecialtoolsarerequired.Theusual tool and equipmentfoundinatypicalhomeworkshopwilldothejob.AssemblingtheHyTronic moduletoachieveitsinherenthighlevelofreliabilityrequirescare and attentiontodetails, alongwithaverageelectronicsskills.Theonlyspecialpieceoftestequipmentyoumaywantto haveaccesstouseisanoscilloscope.ItISNOTnecessary,butmayhelpyouobtainpeak efficiencyfromtheHyTronicsmodule.But,youshouldn’thaveanyproblemgettinghelpfroma localelectronicsguruifyoudon’thaveanoscilloscope.Mostfolksaresofascinatedbyunusual electronicsystems and devicesthattheywouldalmostbewillingtopayyoufortheprivilegeof tweakingyourHyTronicsmodule!  CanIbuyareadytoinstallWaterhybridsystem? Rightnow,thisspecificwater‐hybridsystemisnotbeingcommerciallymanufactured,butthere arevariousdistributorsaroundthecountrywhoofferDIY(Doityourself)partsorfully assembledkitsutilizingsimilartechnologies and principles. PlanningisintheinitialstagesforproducingWater‐hybridconversionkitsformost vehicles and eventuallymanufacturingtheentiresystem,oratleastitsmajorcomponents.We’re hopingtohavesomeprototypekitstestedsoon and deliveryofready‐to‐installkitsshould beginsometimebeforetheendof2008.However,you’llsoonbebuildingyourown! 23 RunaCaronWater  2. ... Besurepetroleumjellycoatsonlytheendcapthreads. 17 RunaCaronWater   Figure5:GeneratorElectrodeCircuitSchematic  18 RunaCaronWater  ThesquarewavepulseratiodeterminestheamountofcurrentsenttotheGenerator electrodesbythecircuitoffigure5.Iftheratioislow(1:1),verylittlecurrentarrivesatthe electrodes.So,verylittlehydrogen and oxygenareproducedbytheGenerator.Iftheratiois high(10:1),maximumcurrentreachestheelectrodes and theGeneratorproducesmaximum gasvolume.Varyingvoltageinputfromapotentiometerconnectedviaa10Kresistortopin3of componentLM741causesthecircuittovarythepulseratio, and thereforecontrolstheamount ofgasesproduced.Thepotentiometershaftconnectsto thevehiclethrottlelinkage,enabling controlofgasvolumeindirectresponsetovoltagechangescorrelatingwithrotationofthe potentiometershaftinrelationtothrottlepositioning.Atrimmingpotentiometerconnectspins 2 and 6ofcomponentLM741,enablingpreciseadjustmentofthethrottleinputsignal.A secondtrimmingpotentiometerconnectspins4 and 7ofcomponentNE555,enablingprecise pulsewidthadjustment. TheelectrodepairsofeachGeneratorexhibitauniquefrequencyofelectricalresonanceat whichoptimumgasvolumeiscreated.Thisfrequencyoftenvariesconsiderablyamong differentGenerators.Severalfactorsdetermineresonancefrequencysuchas:electrodesize and shape,Generatorchambersize and shape,spacingbetweenelectrodes,coilparameters and relativepositioning, and pulseamplitude(voltagelevel).Atrimmingpotentiometer connectedbetweenpins1 and 2ofcomponentCD4069allowstheprecisefrequencytobe obtained.Byselectingvariouscombinationsofdipswitchconnectionstoabankoffour capacitors,pulsefrequencycanbevariedbetweenapproximately8KHz and 260KHz. ... dsystem? Thesewaterhybridplansessentiallyconvertyourvehicletousewaterasasourceof supplementaloreven(theoretically)primaryfuel.Theenginederivesfuelfromhydrogen and oxygen,generatedbytheelectrolysisofwater.Althoughpetroleumderivedfuel and an externalelectricalgeneratingsystemisnottheoreticallyrequired,inmostcircumstancesitisa practicalnecessity.Theonlybyproductresultingfromthehydrogen and oxygencomponentsof combustionwithintheengineiswatervapor.Therefore,emissionsareusuallycleaner,emitting fewerpollutingparticles.Inshort,theWater‐hybridsystemisa“cleaner”system;onethat derivessupplementalfuelfromafree and inexhaustibleresource;WATER!Ithastheunique advantageofbeingabletoremovepollutantsfromtheairduringcombustion, and even reducesthecarbonresiduewithintheengine(similartotheeffectofhigheroctanefuels). TheWater‐hybridsystemisproven and hasbeenimplementedinvariousforms and varietiesby engineers,mechanics, and hobbyistsaroundtheworld.Itistheendresultofmanyyearsof testing and experimentationwithamultitudeofhydrogengeneratingsystemsbasedonthe principleofelectrolysisofwater. Waterelectrolysisissimplythebreakingdownofwaterintoitsbasichydrogen and oxygen atomsbypassinganelectroniccurrentthroughit.Youdon’tevenhavetoaddanelectrolyte (suchasacid)tothewatertoassureelectricalconductivity,asisrequiredwithabattery;plain oldtapwaterworksfinebecauseitcontainsnaturalelectrolytessuchasminerals, and also municipal additivessuchaschlorinewhichalsoaidinelectricalconductivity.Infact,electrolysis isinmanywayssimilartothereactionwhichoccurswithinyourvehicles’battery.Electrolysisof waterusnothingnew;itwasfirstaccomplishednearlyacenturyago.But,untiltechnologies likethewater‐hybridsystemwere developed,itrequiredahighvoltagepowersupply and consumedvastamountsofelectricalenergy.Itactuallyrequiredmuchmoreelectricalenergy thantheenergyderivedfromthecombustionoftheresultinghydrogen and oxygen.Inother words,itwasanextremelyinefficientprocessthathadlimitedpracticaluse. Thewater ‐hybridsystemisapracticalsolutiondevelopedforuseinfuel‐injected and carburetedmotorvehicles.Thesecretofthewater‐hybridsystemlieswithinitsHyTronic module.Itproducedrelativelylowvoltage,butuniquelyshapedelectronicpulsesofprecise ...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 04:20

... marginal costs, the total calculated allocation cost comes to Nkr 93 million. The total economic costs equal the sum of maintenance costs and the allocation costs. Table 3.7. Capital stock and material ... pure simplifi- cation, and we will assume in this section that the marginal costs are equal to the average costs in each region. This is Social Costs of Air Pollution Social and Economic Studies ... activity, such as the labour stock and public expendi- tures: Social and Economics Studies 99 Social Costs of Air Pollution 25 the state of wear and tear and actual dam- age to buildings, or...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 16:20

... (2009), Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use, Committee on Health, Environmental, and Other External Costs and Benefits of Energy Production and Consumption, ... vehicle mileage, and therefore per capita vehicle emissions, including land use patterns, vehicle ownership rates, pricing, and the quality of alternative modes, such as walking, cycling and public ... ways to quantify these impacts: damage costs which reflect damages and risks, and control (also called avoidance or mitigation) costs which reflect the costs of reducing emissions. Studies,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 16:20

... lower energy, waste disposal, and water costs, lower environmental and emissions costs, lower operations and maintenance costs, and savings from increased productivity and health. These benefits ... Seattle, and Portland; San Mateo County; the University of California; the Department of the Navy; the federal General Services Administration; and the states of Oregon, New York and Maryland have ... assessment and interpretation (e.g., a net present value estimate). However, the art and science of calculating true life cycle impacts and costs of green buildings is still evolving and is generally...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20