... air-breathing fuel cells However, these fuel cell designs have generally relied on traditional planar MEA architecture Because the majority of PEM fuel cell designs are based on planar plate and frame ... power densities are inherently constrained by their two-dimensional active area This work introduces a novel micro-structured air-breathing PEM fuel cell The new design can achieve much higher active ... CFD model of a novel design air-breathing micro-structured PEM fuel cell has been developed The results show that higher volumetric power densities are achieved with this design mainly because...
... air-breathing fuel cells However, these fuel cell designs have generally relied on traditional planar MEA architecture Because the majority of PEM fuel cell designs are based on planar plate and frame ... densities are inherently constrained by their two-dimensional active area This work introduces a novel disk-shaped micro-structured air-breathing PEM fuel cell The new design can achieve much higher ... model of a novel design disk-shaped air-breathing micro-structured PEM fuel cell has been developed The results show that higher volumetric power densities are achieved with this design mainly because...
... loss The design not only results in a higher system efficiency, but also assures a more uniform flow distribution than conventional gas manifold designs (2) The non-premixed afterburner design ... that in an electrically-heated reformer Consequently, the development of a combined afterburner / reformer design will be addressed in a future study (4) The performance of the INER-Kaori designed ... components in the BOP are analyzed and optimized using GCTool 2.1 Stack electrical conversion efficiency and fuel utilization The electrical conversion efficiency Ef of an SOFC stack is defined as...
... HSV ICE PV V Battery Car Body Conventional Vehicle Electric Generator Electric Motor Electric Node Fuel Horizontal HybridElectric Vehicle Hybrid Solar Vehicle Internal Combustion Engine Photovoltaic ... series of devices (ICE, generator, battery pack, electric motor, driveline) each with its own efficiency, resulting in a reduction of the power -train global efficiency [15] In the parallel architecture, ... mechanical design and control strategies In this paper, due to its greater simplicity and to recent advances in electric motor and generator technology, we assumed a series architecture for the Solar Hybrid...
... the double lug designs were ranked highest, followed by the double tab designs with a central current collector The radial designs did not provide significant improvements but the designs were not ... basis for comparison between grid designs Computer simulation of grid designs The first sequence of simulations was carried out to determine which combination of grid design and cell layout relative ... the results by Umax shows that designs with double tabs are superior and, as above, radial designs were not especially beneficial Overall, these data showed that designs with opposed tabs had the...
... date, five hybrid systems have been tested, each using a different design concept Design Considerations The basic design goal of a hybrid system is to integrate two or more energy conversion devices ... 350–450 K (77–177 1C) Hybrid Subsystems The design and the integration of the disparate technologies that comprise a hybrid system represent a major engineering challenge Hybrid systems not involve ... projects focused on a sub-1 MW class hybrid system The General Electric project included the submegawatt design of an SOFC and an MTG Fuel Cell Energy’s hybrid system was comprised of a 250 kW...
... vehicle itself weighed 209 kg 14 Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles and could carry a payload of 490 kg The range was around 65 km The design of this extraterrestrial vehicle, ... rating, the electric motor provided additional power In addition to being one of the two first hybrid vehicles, and the first parallel hybrid vehicle, the Pieper was undoubtedly the first electric ... by recharging the batteries In the French case, the hybriddesign was used to extend its range by recharging the batteries Also, the hybriddesign was used to extend the range of an EV and not...
... densities are achieved with the tubular design mainly because of lower activation and diffusion overpotentials Better gas replenishment at the catalyst sites in tubular design results in lower and quite ... three-dimensional CFD model of a micro PEM fuel cell with nature inspired flow field designs has been developed The design inspired from the existed biological fluid flow patterns in the leaf The ... tool for the design and optimization of future fuel cells to improve their lifetime with a much higher power density and lower cost The analysis offers valuable physical insight towards design of...
... forces and π , π are the thermal and swelling induced strains, respectively The thermal strains resulting from a change in temperature of an unconstrained isotropic volume are given by; π T = ℘(T − ... challenges in the design of passive fuel cells is how to provide enough oxygen for the electrochemical reaction on the entire active surface One of the new architectures in PEM fuel cell design is a ... reduction, the rate of which is slower than the hydrogen oxidation rate In addition, (v) tubular designs can achieve much higher active area to volume ratios, and hence higher volumetric power...
... and π T , π S are the thermal and swelling induced strains, respectively The thermal strains resulting from a change in temperature of an unconstrained isotropic volume are given by; π T = ℘ T − ... theory is assumed, for which the additional temperature changes brought by the strain are neglected [2] The total strain tensor is determined using the following expression; ISSN 2076-2895 (Print), ... the failure mechanisms be clearly understood and life prediction models be developed, so that new designs can be introduced to improve long-term performance Increasing of the durability is a significant...
... some element of physical design or operation associated to it that can be altered to improve an aspect of cell performance Variations in operating modes and general cell design according to application ... Environment (IJEE), Volume 1, Issue 6, 2010, pp.927-936 The thermal strains resulting from a change in temperature of an unconstrained isotropic volume are given by; ε T = α (T − TRe f ) (3) where ... stresses arising during fuel cell assembly (bolt assembling) The bolts provide the tightness and the electrical conductivity between the contact elements Secondly, additional mechanical stresses occur...
... forces and π , π are the thermal and swelling induced strains, respectively The thermal strains resulting from a change in temperature of an unconstrained isotropic volume are given by; π T = ℘(T − ... tool for the design and optimization of future fuel cells to improve their lifetime with a much higher power density and lower cost The analysis offers valuable physical insight towards design of ... along with the gas phase in the direction of the pressure gradient, and capillary forces, which drive liquid water from high to low saturation regions [14, 15] Therefore, the momentum equation...
... brought by the strain are neglected The total strain tensor of deformation, π , is the sum; π = π e + π pl + π T + π S (29) where, π e is the elastic strain component, π pl is the plastic strain component, ... various demonstration vehicles are based on a basic conceptual design combining the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell with an electricdrive The PEM fule clee is regarded as ideally suited for ... and π T , π S are the thermal and swelling induced strains, respectively The thermal strains resulting from a change in temperature of an unconstrained isotropic volume are given by; π T = ℘(T −...
... shape design results in more even distribution of the local current density with low fraction than planer shape design Therefore, the maximum temperature gradient appears in the planar shape design ... a better distribution of reactant species in this design of the perforated type gas distributor One of the new architectures in PEM fuel cell design is a tubular-shaped fuel cell Fuel cell companies ... densities are achieved with the tubular design mainly because of lower activation and diffusion overpotentials Better gas replenishment at the catalyst sites in tubular design results in lower and quite...
... They are very useful for making quick predictions for designs that already exists They cannot be used to predict the performance of innovative designs, or the response of the fuel cell to parameter ... O2 → H O Cathode reaction: The products of this process are water, DC electricity and heat Mathematical Model Useful work (electrical energy) is obtained from a fuel cell only when a current is ... to the electrical resistance of the external circuit However, since efficiency drops with increasing voltage, there is a tradeoff between high power and high efficiency Fuel cell system designers...
... but also shorten the design life of any downstream turbomachinery As a result, a uniform temperature profile is generally sought within the combustor through the careful design and manufacturing ... (H2-20 LPM) hydrogen concentrations and establishing the flow rate which satisfies the three design constraints given above at each hydrogen concentration Figs 6(a) and 6(g) show the temperature ... energy equation and are solved numerically using a finite-difference scheme subject to the constraint of satisfying the continuity and species conservation equations The effects of turbulence...