mild hybrid electric drive train design

... Hybrid Electric Vehicles 5.1 Concept of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains 5.2 Architectures of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains 5.2.1 Series Hybrid Electric ... 333 335 335 341 346 351 11 Mild Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design 11.1 Energy Consumed in Braking and Transmission 11.2 Parallel Mild Hybrid Electric Drive Train 11.2.1 Configuration ... series/parallel /mild hybrid electric drive train design methodologies, energy storage systems, regenerative braking, fuel cells and their applications in vehicles, and fuel cell hybrid electric drive train design...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 11:35

... air-breathing fuel cells However, these fuel cell designs have generally relied on traditional planar MEA architecture Because the majority of PEM fuel cell designs are based on planar plate and frame ... power densities are inherently constrained by their two-dimensional active area This work introduces a novel micro-structured air-breathing PEM fuel cell The new design can achieve much higher active ... CFD model of a novel design air-breathing micro-structured PEM fuel cell has been developed The results show that higher volumetric power densities are achieved with this design mainly because...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... air-breathing fuel cells However, these fuel cell designs have generally relied on traditional planar MEA architecture Because the majority of PEM fuel cell designs are based on planar plate and frame ... densities are inherently constrained by their two-dimensional active area This work introduces a novel disk-shaped micro-structured air-breathing PEM fuel cell The new design can achieve much higher ... model of a novel design disk-shaped air-breathing micro-structured PEM fuel cell has been developed The results show that higher volumetric power densities are achieved with this design mainly because...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... loss The design not only results in a higher system efficiency, but also assures a more uniform flow distribution than conventional gas manifold designs (2) The non-premixed afterburner design ... that in an electrically-heated reformer Consequently, the development of a combined afterburner / reformer design will be addressed in a future study (4) The performance of the INER-Kaori designed ... components in the BOP are analyzed and optimized using GCTool 2.1 Stack electrical conversion efficiency and fuel utilization The electrical conversion efficiency Ef of an SOFC stack is defined as...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

... HSV ICE PV V Battery Car Body Conventional Vehicle Electric Generator Electric Motor Electric Node Fuel Horizontal Hybrid Electric Vehicle Hybrid Solar Vehicle Internal Combustion Engine Photovoltaic ... series of devices (ICE, generator, battery pack, electric motor, driveline) each with its own efficiency, resulting in a reduction of the power -train global efficiency [15] In the parallel architecture, ... mechanical design and control strategies In this paper, due to its greater simplicity and to recent advances in electric motor and generator technology, we assumed a series architecture for the Solar Hybrid...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 10:20

... Hybrid Electric Vehicles 5.1 Concept of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains 5.2 Architectures of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains 5.2.1 Series Hybrid Electric ... 333 335 335 341 346 351 11 Mild Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design 11.1 Energy Consumed in Braking and Transmission 11.2 Parallel Mild Hybrid Electric Drive Train 11.2.1 Configuration ... series/parallel /mild hybrid electric drive train design methodologies, energy storage systems, regenerative braking, fuel cells and their applications in vehicles, and fuel cell hybrid electric drive train design...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 01:21

... the double lug designs were ranked highest, followed by the double tab designs with a central current collector The radial designs did not provide significant improvements but the designs were not ... basis for comparison between grid designs Computer simulation of grid designs The first sequence of simulations was carried out to determine which combination of grid design and cell layout relative ... the results by Umax shows that designs with double tabs are superior and, as above, radial designs were not especially beneficial Overall, these data showed that designs with opposed tabs had the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... date, five hybrid systems have been tested, each using a different design concept Design Considerations The basic design goal of a hybrid system is to integrate two or more energy conversion devices ... 350–450 K (77–177 1C) Hybrid Subsystems The design and the integration of the disparate technologies that comprise a hybrid system represent a major engineering challenge Hybrid systems not involve ... projects focused on a sub-1 MW class hybrid system The General Electric project included the submegawatt design of an SOFC and an MTG Fuel Cell Energy’s hybrid system was comprised of a 250 kW...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 02:20

... Hybrid Electric Vehicles 5.1 Concept of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains 5.2 Architectures of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains 5.2.1 Series Hybrid Electric ... 333 335 335 341 346 351 11 Mild Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design 11.1 Energy Consumed in Braking and Transmission 11.2 Parallel Mild Hybrid Electric Drive Train 11.2.1 Configuration ... series/parallel /mild hybrid electric drive train design methodologies, energy storage systems, regenerative braking, fuel cells and their applications in vehicles, and fuel cell hybrid electric drive train design...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 07:20

... vehicle itself weighed 209 kg 14 Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles and could carry a payload of 490 kg The range was around 65 km The design of this extraterrestrial vehicle, ... rating, the electric motor provided additional power In addition to being one of the two first hybrid vehicles, and the first parallel hybrid vehicle, the Pieper was undoubtedly the first electric ... by recharging the batteries In the French case, the hybrid design was used to extend its range by recharging the batteries Also, the hybrid design was used to extend the range of an EV and not...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 07:20

... densities are achieved with the tubular design mainly because of lower activation and diffusion overpotentials Better gas replenishment at the catalyst sites in tubular design results in lower and quite ... three-dimensional CFD model of a micro PEM fuel cell with nature inspired flow field designs has been developed The design inspired from the existed biological fluid flow patterns in the leaf The ... tool for the design and optimization of future fuel cells to improve their lifetime with a much higher power density and lower cost The analysis offers valuable physical insight towards design of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:17

... advantages of both empirical model and electrical circuit model Later in Chapter 3, a hybrid fuel cell model is proposed with the combination of an empirical model and electrical circuit model This model ... stack model and an electrical circuit stack model, is proposed 23 3.2 Development of a Hybrid PEM Fuel Cell Stack Model Fig 3.1 shows the schematic diagram of the proposed hybrid fuel cell stack ... ¦ § © ¨¦ §   § §¢ ¤¤ £ ¢  ¡ Figure 3.2: Electrical circuit model of single fuel cell electrical circuit models are connected in series, an electrical circuit stack model can be easily obtained...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:09

... forces and π , π are the thermal and swelling induced strains, respectively The thermal strains resulting from a change in temperature of an unconstrained isotropic volume are given by; π T = ℘(T − ... challenges in the design of passive fuel cells is how to provide enough oxygen for the electrochemical reaction on the entire active surface One of the new architectures in PEM fuel cell design is a ... reduction, the rate of which is slower than the hydrogen oxidation rate In addition, (v) tubular designs can achieve much higher active area to volume ratios, and hence higher volumetric power...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... and π T , π S are the thermal and swelling induced strains, respectively The thermal strains resulting from a change in temperature of an unconstrained isotropic volume are given by; π T = ℘ T − ... theory is assumed, for which the additional temperature changes brought by the strain are neglected [2] The total strain tensor is determined using the following expression; ISSN 2076-2895 (Print), ... the failure mechanisms be clearly understood and life prediction models be developed, so that new designs can be introduced to improve long-term performance Increasing of the durability is a significant...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... some element of physical design or operation associated to it that can be altered to improve an aspect of cell performance Variations in operating modes and general cell design according to application ... Environment (IJEE), Volume 1, Issue 6, 2010, pp.927-936 The thermal strains resulting from a change in temperature of an unconstrained isotropic volume are given by; ε T = α (T − TRe f ) (3) where ... stresses arising during fuel cell assembly (bolt assembling) The bolts provide the tightness and the electrical conductivity between the contact elements Secondly, additional mechanical stresses occur...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... forces and π , π are the thermal and swelling induced strains, respectively The thermal strains resulting from a change in temperature of an unconstrained isotropic volume are given by; π T = ℘(T − ... tool for the design and optimization of future fuel cells to improve their lifetime with a much higher power density and lower cost The analysis offers valuable physical insight towards design of ... along with the gas phase in the direction of the pressure gradient, and capillary forces, which drive liquid water from high to low saturation regions [14, 15] Therefore, the momentum equation...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... brought by the strain are neglected The total strain tensor of deformation, π , is the sum; π = π e + π pl + π T + π S (29) where, π e is the elastic strain component, π pl is the plastic strain component, ... various demonstration vehicles are based on a basic conceptual design combining the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell with an electric drive The PEM fule clee is regarded as ideally suited for ... and π T , π S are the thermal and swelling induced strains, respectively The thermal strains resulting from a change in temperature of an unconstrained isotropic volume are given by; π T = ℘(T −...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... shape design results in more even distribution of the local current density with low fraction than planer shape design Therefore, the maximum temperature gradient appears in the planar shape design ... a better distribution of reactant species in this design of the perforated type gas distributor One of the new architectures in PEM fuel cell design is a tubular-shaped fuel cell Fuel cell companies ... densities are achieved with the tubular design mainly because of lower activation and diffusion overpotentials Better gas replenishment at the catalyst sites in tubular design results in lower and quite...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... They are very useful for making quick predictions for designs that already exists They cannot be used to predict the performance of innovative designs, or the response of the fuel cell to parameter ... O2 → H O Cathode reaction: The products of this process are water, DC electricity and heat Mathematical Model Useful work (electrical energy) is obtained from a fuel cell only when a current is ... to the electrical resistance of the external circuit However, since efficiency drops with increasing voltage, there is a tradeoff between high power and high efficiency Fuel cell system designers...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58