micrornas and their role in plants during abiotic stresses

... lenses during diabetes, causing protein cross-linking and advanced glycation end-products (AGE), a change engendered by methylglyoxal interaction with lysine and arginine residues [51] Glycation in ... opaque with age and contain many inclusion bodies reactive with antibody to aB-crystallin, but not to b- and c-crystallin, suggesting an important role for aA-crystallin in maintaining lens transparency ... formation of huntingtin-containing inclusion bodies in Huntington’s disease encourages cell survival, whereas monomers and small inclusion bodies of huntingtin, a protein possessing abnormal polyQ...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 18:20

... and 20 and in Recycling (code 370) over 1996-2000 in county 19 For the corresponding years, there are no enterprises registered in the corresponding industries and counties, and submitting financial ... 20 Fernandez , Martinez and Saurina (2000) study cyclical behaviour of bank loans, loan losses and loan loss provisions in Spain and show that housing prices, asset prices and lending margins have ... are found in the following industries: Agriculture and forestry (code 111) in 1990-1992, Raising of fish (code 051) in 1988-1993, Fishery (code 052) in 1988-1993, Publishing, printing and reproduction...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 20:21

... also contain a carboxy-terminal extension containing T-box and A-box motifs [124] In each zinc finger, four invariant cysteine residues coordinate tetrahedrically to a zinc ion, and both zinc fingers ... overlapping ligand-binding pockets The difference of the binding pocket is easy to understand by looking at the superimposition between PonA and BYI06830 shown in Fig Ligand-binding affinity Typically, ... for retaining the ligand-binding activity They found two high-affinity binding sites (Kd1 = 0.24 nm and Kd2 = 3.9 nm) The removal of GST had no effect on PonA binding, but altered DNA binding The...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:20

... but has role in shuttling HIPK2 (homeodomaininteracting protein kinase 2) to the cytosol Abundantly expressed in undifferentiated and proliferating embryonic cells but usually undetectable in adult ... that have distinct and often unapparent RAGEactivating properties S100 Proteins as RAGE ligands and their role in Inflammation A recent review on S100 proteins has been published, and provides ... to consider their role in cancer and inflammation S100 proteins are a family of over 20 proteins expressed in vertebrates exclusively and characterized by two calcium binding EF-hand motifs connected...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... diabetic laboratory animals and in humans The above findings indicate that differences in the cellular availability of zinc in both insulin producing b-cells and in insulin target cells are associated ... on insulin signaling and coronary heart disease Insulin and zinc ions have potent stimulatory effects on lipogenesis and glucose uptake Zinc-deficient animals are less sensitive to insulin Zinc ... zinc The other is MT 1A, a member of a protein family that links zinc and redox metabolism Changes in the availability of zinc ions modulate insulin signaling and redox processes Both zinc and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:24

... different roles in angiogenesis: Ang-1 and Ang-4 are agonist ligands for Tie2 and induce tyrosin phosphorylation of Tie2, while Ang-2 and Ang-3 are antagonist ligands They bind to Tie2 without inducing ... been fully investigated in ovarian cancer In the present study, we examined the relationship between the expression of Ets-1 and its targets Ang-2 and maspin in ovarian cancer and their clinical ... papillary cystadenocarcinoma; D: Ang-2 expression in ovarian borderline mucinous cystadenoma; E: Maspin expression in mucinous cystadenocarcinoma; F: Maspin expression in mucinous cystadenoma The...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:21

... hyroxymethyl cytosine or that they glycosylate their DNA In addition all of the r genes in T4 that are known to be involved in superinfection and lysis inhibition [45] are missing in cyanophage genomes, ... in S-PM2, P-SSM4 and S-RMS4 speD encodes S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase a key enzyme in the synthesis of the polyamines spermidine and spermine With polyamines implicated in the stabilising ... non-productive infections where phages accidently package a head full of host DNA during the stage when their heads are being packaged and they inject this into a second host cell during a non-fatal infection...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... HIF-1 Hexokinase-1 HIF-1 Hexokinase-2 HIF-1 Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) HIF-1 IGF-binding protein-1 HIF-1 IGF-binding protein-2 HIF-1 IGF-binding protein-3 HIF-1 Interleukin-6 NF-IL6 ... rats with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension J Clin Invest 1995, 96:1823–1833 23 Morrell NW, Morris KG, Stenmark KR: Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II in development of ... subunits in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells J Clin Invest 1997, 100:2347–2353 Author’s affiliation: Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, The Johns Hopkins...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... 1) are found in many plants and in vertebrate and invertebrate animal species Those members with known function share the feature of being involved in host responses to injury and infection [8] ... This expanding IL-1R1-like family includes murine and human proteins, Drosophila (fruit fly) proteins, and a plant (tobacco) protein [7,8] In Drosophila, Toll is involved in the rapid and transient ... sections) Understanding the regulation of TLR expression will provide further insight into their tissue distribution and their role in combating infection There has been an initial report of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

... respondent pain may eventually evolve into operant and persisting pain if the environment offers pain contingent reinforcement Pain behaviour may also be learned by observing "pain models" i.e., individuals ... the on-going evolution of the understanding of the non-physical aspects of pain has been applied to the areas of screening for, intervening in and predicting those at risk of developing into a ... central and dominant influencing psychological factors in the assessment for identification and intervention strategies Competing interests The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:22

... Nectar-producing species in highland forests 10 Nectar-producing species in wooded grassland (savannah) 11 Nectar-producing species in arid and semi-arid land 12 Nectar-producing species in coastal plains ... essential for sustaining our environment because they pollinate flowering plants Bees also sustain our agriculture by pollinating crops and thereby increasing yields of seeds and fruits, and they provide ... trees In spite of this, the bees perhaps play a minor role as pollinators in the rain forest compared to their role in temperate forests, monsoon forests and savannah woodland In tropical rain forests,...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2015, 08:41

... protein containing the RNA-binding motif reduces the strength of the interaction The NS3-NS3 interaction was also confirmed by co-expressing myc-tagged and flag-tagged NS3 in COS-7 cells and showing ... implicating its involvement in oncogenesis Taken together, most of the viral proteins interact and may affect the activities of host proteins in the long-term The understanding of the interplay ... activity (Levin and Patel, 1999), helicase mutants defective in self-interaction may be inactive for their unwinding activity because of their inability to from dimers or oligomers To investigate...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:12

... display a remarkable affinity to heparin and are also called heparin binding growth factors (HBGF) FGF-2 is an 18Kd protein consisting of 155 amino acids, and an isoelectric point of 9.6, without ... that growth factors, cytokines, integrins, antigens and G protein coupled receptors also utilise tyrosine kinase pathways to transduce intracellular signals (Zachary and Rozengurt 1992, Aoki et ... specific ligands and activate second transduction pathways Intracellular signals are transmitted by coupling of receptors to cytoplasmic guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory 15 proteins (G proteins)...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:20

... produced dark brown stain in apoptic nuclei) B Atropine 0.1 µM C Atropine µM D Atropine 10 µM E Atropine 100 µM Fig10A Immumocytochemistry of mAchR subtypes in human SF in culture Subtype selective ... corresponding to mAchR subtypes m1,m2,m4, and m5 identified in mouse sclera by immunoblotting Subtype selective antibodies bound to specific protein bands in mouse sclera extract Sepcific bands did ... Fig 8A Effect of atropine inhibiting SF cell proliferation in culture Chick SF were incubated with atropine Phase contrast photomicrographs were taken after 24...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:20

... scopolamine Other important alkaloids of plant origin include the addictive stimulants caffeine, nicotine, codeine, atropine, morphine, ergotamine, cocaine, nicotine and ephedrine (Fig 1) Amino acids ... morphine and codeine, the muscle relaxant (+)-tubocurarine, the antibiotics sanguinafine and berberine, the anticancer agent vinblastine, the antiarrythmic ajmaline, the pupil dilator atropine, and ... of saponins and these include: steroid saponins and triterpene saponins Saponins are soluble in water and insoluble in ether, and like glycosides on hydrolysis, they give aglycones Saponins are...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 11:20

... staining pattern in mouse knee joint was influenced by disease severity Mild inflammation (Figure 5a) was associated with discrete BMP7 staining in the lining layer of synovium (Figure 5b) and in ... morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) during collageninduced arthritis Immunohistochemistry in the initial phase (a, b), with increasing severity (c-f), and in the destructive phase of collageninduced arthritis ... shown Severity scoring was done on sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin Boxes indicate areas that are magnified in BMP2 stainings Arrows indicate BMP2-positive cells in synovium Bars =...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... recombination of the masculinizing and feminizing factors by chromosomal linkage and inversion The result is the establishment of sex determining superloci that allow for segregation of male and ... position -30 in the 5'UTR, (ACAAAAAAGG) position 1083 in the second intron, and (TCAAAAAAGG) position 3052 in intron We detected a single potential LEAFY binding site (CCATTGT) in the second intron ... genes in their native context SpAGAMOUS retains floral organ identity and meristem determinacy functions in spinach A single C class gene has been previously described in Spinacia oleracea and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:21

... (SP), pro-domain (Pro), which contains a zinc ligating thiol (–SH) group, and catalytic domain, which contains a zinc ion (Zn2+) Hemopexin-like domains are essential in binding to tissue inhibitors ... processes including neutrophil extravasation and pathogen elimination Paradoxically, they are also integral in pathological processes including the development of ALI and ARDS during influenza virus infection, ... injury in mice infected with the mouse-adapted Influenza A/Aichi/2/68 P10 (H3N2) virus 97-98 Increase in MMPs expression and activity and their role in influenza virus-induced host lung injury...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 16:41

... grove from points Sampling points St.1 and St.2 are in the same stream, and sampling point St.3 is in the other stream The two streams flow together to be one stream and the sampling point St.4 is ... and periphery of the Seto Inland Sea The location of the research area and the distribution of the citrus groves in Matsuyama region are shown in Fig Matsuyama is situated in Shikoku Island in ... nitrate and the remaining seemed to be particle component They flowed out mainly during the rainy days - 118 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol 9, No.2, 2011 CONCLUSIONS In this...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:17

... confusing in defining, memorizing and using them To overcome these, some solutions are introduced in chapter III such as learning by heart, reading books, magazine, stories pictures and studying ... an insight into the similarities and differences in the use of language and images in English and Vietnamese idioms and proverbs II Some popular English idioms and proverbs relating to food and ... solve their problems in understanding and using those English idioms and proverbs Design of the study For a clear organization, I divide my study into three main parts:  Part I is the "Introduction"...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:48