micro meso and macro levels of analysis

... equation and related formalisms, e.g by Wade and Kalisz (1990), Heisler and Damuth (1987), Endler (1986), Lande and Arnold (1983), and Rice (2004) 26 Evolution and the Levels of Selection of z ‘due ... ‘additivity criterion’ of Lloyd and Wimsatt Evolution and the Levels of Selection is discussed, as is Brandon’s ‘screening off’ criterion, Vrba’s ‘emergent character’ criterion, and Damuth and Heisler’s ... Levels- of- Selection Debate 112 The Gene’s-Eye View and its Discontents 143 The Group Selection Controversy 173 Species Selection, Clade Selection, and Macroevolution 203 Levels of Selection and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 05:34

... >5.0 mmol/l Low HDL levels were found in 3% of the women and 5% in the men High LDL levels were present in 51% of the women and in 32% of the Anthropometrical assessments and body composition ... dyslipidemia as were increased levels of total cholesterol, LDL and oxLDL and also low levels of anti-PC These patients are therefore suggested to have an increased risk of CVD and premature mortality ... definition of FFMI below the 25th percentile and FMI above the 50th percentile By the definition of FFMI below the 10th percentile and FMI above the 25th percentile, 18% and 21% of the women and men,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... pluralism and participation, and functioning of government Civil liberties include freedom of expression and belief, associational and organizational rights, rule of law, and personal autonomy and ... democratisation and health indicators[17] In contrast, this paper offers a broad overview of the relationship between historical and cumulative freedom levels and health of all countries regardless of social, ... characteristics of the temporal relationship between freedom and health and the impact of such health and freedom related factors as stress, depression, substance use and violence on the one hand, and dignity...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:21

... both protein and mRNA levels of IL-17A and mRNA levels of IL-22 and IL-23 in sputum of stable CF patients and to relate expression of these cytokines in sputum to the chronicity of airway infection ... chronic Figure Comparison of IL-17A and IL-23 levels between patients with different colonisation status of P aeruginosa and S aureus Comparison of IL-17A and IL-23 mRNA levels between patients ... significant) Median levels are shown by the line Discussion In the present study, we found elevated levels of both IL-17A protein and mRNA levels and also of IL-23 mRNA in sputum of clinically stable...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 13:22

... we determined decreased levels of LDL (P = 0.026) and increased levels of TG (P = 0.003), CRP (P < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (P = 0.011) Low anti-PC IgM- levels occurred more often in patients (lowest ... measurements of IMT and lumen diameter, by using the automated analyzing system, were 4.9% and 2.4% (coefficient of variation), respectively (with an IMT of 0.44 to 1.02 mm and a lumen diameter of 4.38 ... JF and MV, and participating in drafting of the manuscript TG performed and analysed physiological investigations with TJ, and participated in drafting the manuscript XH and JS performed and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:22

... acquisition of the data and draft of the manuscript HT helped collection and acquisition of the data and draft of the manuscript TA and TK was involved in the interpretation and design of the study, and ... The levels of the hRasGRP4 transcripts were higher than the normal levels in 41% of our RA patients (p < 0.0001) (Figure 2) The levels of the hRasGRP4 transcript also were higher in the PBMCs of ... numbers of macrophages, only one of the lung-derived dbESTs in the data base originated from the hRasGRP4 gene In support of these dbEST data, the levels of the RasGRP4 transcript in the mouse and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... assessment and welfare problem areas during handling and transport In Livestock Handling and Transport Edited by: Grandin T Wallingford, CABI; 2000:43-61 Thornton J: Effect of the microclimate ... 12:401-404 Grandin T: Assessment of stress during handling and transport J Anim Sci 1997, 75:249-257 Waran NK, Cuddeford D: Effects of loading and transport on the heart rate and behaviour of horses ... transportation stress and influence of different distance and age on β-endorphin, ACTH and cortisol levels of horses In Proceedings of the 34th International Congress of the International Society for...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... majority of data analysis, database construction and development of normalization and writing of the manuscript RA and MS contributed to the development and testing of the normalization KO and EB ... 'Body-map' analysis to visualize expression profiles for groups of genes across all tissues and diseases To illustrate the power of GeneSapiens analysis in the study of gene expression profiles of human ... breadth of the tissue and disease spectrum, this kind of analysis provides novel insights into the biological, medical and clinical associations of genes Furthermore, the expression levels of a...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 21:20

... meet the demand of consumers If the decrease of price can result in the increase of demand, it means there has the elasticity of demand According to DNA 2013, low elasticity of demand means the ... hair Dove recognizes these demands in the early and offers different kinds of shampoo Seven types of shampoos’ Dove are sold in the United State market and four of them appear in the Vietnamese ... between the brand awareness of Vietnamese consumers and the frequency of using these shampoos According to the map, Clear is the most awareness brand (96.5%) and used by a majority of customers...

Ngày tải lên: 26/03/2015, 17:59

... Comparison of pictures and simulation results of drop generation of PEDOT 81 Figure 6.5 Comparison of pictures and simulation results of drop generation of water Figure 6.6 Ejection of the water ... compute over the entire range of Re of interest and predict occurrence of microthreads during formation of drops of high-viscosity liquids FEM have also been used in analysis of liquid drops among others ... - Analysis and Computational Modeling of Drop Formation for Piezo-actuated DOD Micro- dispenser Chapter Related Issues of Modeling and Simulation One of the most important issues of modeling and...

Ngày tải lên: 28/09/2015, 13:38

... control of the X- and Y-axes in the horizontal plane and this enabled the user to acquire an image of the entire microarray of any size without being restricted by the field -of- view of the microscope ... Staphylococcus and Nitrosomonas for DNA-DNA and RNA-DNA analysis 2.9 Image analysis software Raw data processing involves localization of spots, determination of spot boundary, measurement and normalization ... in a microchamber containing 25 µl of hybridization buffer The hybridization buffer consisted of µl DEPC-treated water, 20 µl of 100% formamide, µl of M NaCl, µl of M Tris-HCl and 16 µl of 0.1...

Ngày tải lên: 06/10/2015, 20:42

... appraisal of the participant’s level of laughter and expected to be less influenced by the unconscious mind and memory biases Three levels of laughter categorized the participants into low, moderate and ... well-being scores and the levels of laughter This test suggested that level one and level two (p=0.021) and level one and level three (p

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:57

... deviation of patients and control group were 61.96±14.5, 59.63±13.8, respectively Age range of patients and controls were 44-85 year and 43-86 year respectively Table shows serum Na+, K+ of case and ... group and sent to the laboratory Serum Na+, K+ levels were measured with flam photometry method by the aid of SEAC model FLP20, Italy Outcoming data was assessed by spss 11 software and mean of ... consisted of 155 patients suffering from age-related or senile cataract (79 female, 76 male) and the control one consisted of 155 of cases’ close relatives (79 female, 76 male) Mean age and standard...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 09:49

... ACF of {εI (n)} and that of {φI (n)} in Star Wars IV (b) The ACF of {εP (n)} and that of {φP (n)} in The Silence of 1 the Lambs 125 63 The ACF of {A3 (ε)} and ... Troopers and (b) the base layer of the spatially scalable The Silence of the Lambs coded at different Q 118 57 The mean sizes of P and B-frames of each GOP given the size of ... gratitude and respect first go to my advisors Prof Andrew Chan and Prof Dmitri Loguinov This work would never have been done without their support and guidance I would like to thank my co-advisor Prof...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2012, 10:45

... He wore dirty, wet, old and worn shoes But, there are some fixed phrases of adjectives which are often linked by and : old and musty with, a long and winding road, hard and fast rules When the ... and Vietnamese, generally, can function as predicative and attributive, they also can stand copular verbs, the adjective of type and type both in English and Vietnamese can function as head of ... is obligatory to use and, not the commas as: the yellow and blue flag and it does not exist in * the yellow, blue flag Sometimes, we use but instead of and if the meaning of two Nguyễn Thị Nga...

Ngày tải lên: 10/04/2013, 14:46

... the standard deviation of the residuals from the style analysis of the hedge fund strategy S using the nine indices, σI is the standard deviation of the residuals from the style analysis of the ... concept of concordance and discordance which informally says that a pair of random variables are concordant if large values of one tend to be associated with large values of the other and small ... estimates the standard error of the parameter estimate by the empirical standard deviation of the B replications The result is called the bootstrap estimate of standard error and is evaluated...

Ngày tải lên: 16/04/2013, 20:00

... recognition of the field And the findings of semantic aspects often borrow the WDBs for not only conveying the denotative as well as analysis of pragmatic aspects of these kinds of words will meaning ... teaching and learning of English 3 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS: (1) What are the similarities and differences of semantic features of the WDBs in English and Vietnamese? (2) What are the similarities and ... important and significant characteristics of the WDBs As a result, the topic “A Contrastive animals that nature has provided to feed both our body and spirit As Analysis of the Semantic and Pragmatic...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:30

... similarities and differences between WIRHs in So far there has been no contrastive analysis of grammatical English and Vietnamese in terms of grammatical features? and semantic features of words and idioms ... features of WIRHs in English and - to describe semantic features of WIRHs English and Vietnamese - to provide a brief account of grammatical-semantic similarities and Lê Lan Phương has a study of verbs ... the grammatical and semantic features of some verbs learners, users or translators of English often meet a lot of difficulties and idioms related to hearing (WIRHs) in English and Vietnamese in...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:31

... criterion is about the function of idioms and proverbs in communication (in speech) The content of an idiom is that of concept and the content of a proverb is that of judgment An idiom expresses ... the history of the study of idioms and the distinction between idioms and free-word groups and proverbs We have also 14 investigated the occurrence of the word "Head" in English and Vietnamese ... meanings is the information of the features of geographical and natural conditions in the living of native people and the history, economy, art and the psychology of the people In this thesis,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 18:33

... “ Temperature Distribution of Heat Sink” Under Design Study and Analysis, make sure that Transient _Analysis is selected Note that Transient _Analysis is the name of analysis previously given Click ... with increment of 0.004 m and total of 15 cuts Create a cut to accommodate the fan at the top of the heat sink Create another cut to facilitate the installation clamp The dimensions of the cut are ... figure on the left The value in the right hand column is set to after 150 seconds This value of is a multiplier for the Q load of 50 Watts 15 A graph of the function can be seen by selecting Review...

Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 05:20