... Introduction It is worth noting that these early 3D composites were made of carbon-carbon materials and not fibre reinforced polymers The need for 3D FRP composites was not fully appreciated in the 1960s, ... significant cost saving 3D woven sandwich composites are being used in prototype Scramjet engines capable of speeds up 10 3D Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites to Mach (-2600 d s ) (Kandero, ... reinforcement in stitched composites is normally between to 5%, which is a similar amount of reinforcement in 3D woven, braided and knitted composites Stitching is used to reinforce composites in the...
... rotation of the rings, thus accomplishing the 4-step process as shown in Figure 2.16 3 Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites 28 This type of cylindrical arrangement has the advantage that it is more efficient ... bed (Huey, 1994; Roberts and Douglas, 1995) This includes the use of computer 30 Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites controlled horn gears on the flat bed arrangement as shown in Figure 2.19 (Kimbara ... Figure 2.23 Flat bed knitting machine showing the yarn carrier and needle beds 34 Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites Standard warp and weft knitted fabric are regarded by many as 2D fabric, however,...
... moulding 3D reinforcedcomposites for commercial and prototype use have been given in Chapter The main 62 Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites deterrent to the increased use of liquid moulded 3D composites ... long fibres Typical examples include unidirectional fibre reinforced composites, 2D woven composites as well as 3D fibre reinforcedcomposites Earlier researches were conducted based on a large ... available information on microstructures of all constituents This chapter will focus on micromechanics analysis of fibre reinforced composite materials, particularly those materials reinforced long fibres...
... overall 70 Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites 4.2.4 Unit Cell Models for Textile Composites As described in Chapter 2, textile composites, including two-dimensional woven and braided composites, ... important parameter, which strongly affects the elastic moduli of plain weave composites In- 78 Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites plane shear modulus decreases almost linearly with the fibre volume ... (1994) and Vandeurzen et al (1996a, 1996b, 1998) for the case of plain weave composites 3 Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites 82 warp Y Y Figure 4.8 Element array model (a) unit cell, (b) division...
... referred to as coarse microstructure transitional microstructure and fine microstructure A transitional microstructure is a structure that stands between the coarse and fine microstructures, and ... number of micro- blocks A and B within a strip, respectively, are the volume fractions of a micro- block A and micro- block B, respectively, and C t C t , C i are the stiffness constants for micro- block ... comparing the measured elastic properties of 3D orthogonal carbon fibre reinforcedcomposites and 3D glass fibre reinforcedcomposites with those predicted (Tan et al., 2000b, 2001) In the following,...
... direction (Tan et al, 2000a,b) 120 Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites (c) Micrograph of the fracture surface for a C F W specimen loaded in tiller direction (d) Micrograph of the fracture surface ... woven composites under tension, compression, bending, interlaminar shear and fatigue loads are described in Section 5.3 Following this, the delamination resistance 108 Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites ... The properties of 3D woven sandwich composites made using distance fabric are given in Section 5.6 5.2 MICROSTRUCTURALPROPERTIES OF 3D WOVEN COMPOSITES The microstructure of a 3D woven composite...
... content for various 3D woven composites 128 Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites 5.4 INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE PROPERTIES OF 3D WOVEN COMPOSITES An important advantage of 3D woven composites over conventional ... delamination toughness of 3D woven composites is due to the toughening processes of debonding, bridging and pull-out of the z-binders and crack branching Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites 132 binders ... strength of 2D and 3D woven composites The flexural and compressive data is from Voss et al (1993) and Arendts et al (1993), respectively 136 Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites 3D woven sandwich...
... figures, CFRP represents carbon fibre reinforced polymer, GFRP is glass reinforced polymer, KFRP is Kevlar reinforced polymer, and SFRP is Spectra reinforcedpolymer laminate With the exception ... mechanical properties of stitched composites that is understood 170 Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites 8.3.2 Tension, Compression and Flexure Properties of Stitched Composites The tension, compression ... heavily crimped fibre bundle, which cause failure of the polymer matrix within the bundle via microcracking and 176 Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites crazing This damage permits further rotation...
... resistance is usually not as high as for the mode I Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites 190 toughness for equivalent stitch densities Most stitched composites exhibit a GIIR value that is typically to ... breakage of fibres Low energy damage to thin aircraft grade composites usually occurs at incident impact 196 Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites energies between and J The delaminations caused ... amount of delamination damage caused to stitched and unstitched composites (Data from Wu and Liau, 1995) 30 Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites 198 The ability of stitching to reduce the amount...
... carbodepoxy composites (Data from Cartit and Partridge, 1999a) Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites 214 It is evident that z-pinning is highly effective in raising the delamination resistance of composites, ... angles of between 5" and 15' have been measured in unidirectional tape compositesreinforced with Z-fibersTM,compared to unreinforced tape laminates with an average misalignment angle of about ... resin-rich zones 9.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Z-PINNED COMPOSITES The in-plane mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of compositesreinforced with Z-fibersTMhave not been studied in detail The effect...
... 3D Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites Fibre reinforcedpolymer (FRP) composites are used in almost every type of advanced engineering ... infrastructure such as bridges and buildings As the usage of FRP composites continues to grow at an impressive rate, 3D Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites provides an up-to-date account of fabrication, ... Micromechanics Models for Mechanical Properties 3D Woven Composites Braided Composite Materials Knitted Composite Materials Stitched Composites Z-Pinned Composites I Cover image reproduced from Mouritz,...
... knit and E-glass/epoxy plain knit composites respectively In a 152 Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites Table 7.2 Tensile properties of E-gladepoxy warp knit composites with varying knit architecture ... 1980’s, to investigate and understand the performance of compositesreinforced by knitted fabrics A useful review of the area of knitted composites is given by Leong et al (2000) Figure Illustration ... properties of the composite is also observed in the results of Wu et al (1993) and - - Fibre ReinforcedPolymerComposites 150 Huysmans et al (1996), both of whom investigated the properties of various...
... induce accelerated weathering effects on FRP composites and FRP-strengthened structural elements In the second part, the observed glass fibersreinforcedpolymer (GFRP) mechanical properties variations ... various reinforcing fibers (ACI, 1996) In general, all the fibers exhibit a linear stress-strain relationship up to rupture failure without any plastic regime Carbon Fibers - Carbon fibers can be manufactured ... identified 22 Chapter One: Tables and Figures Polymeric Materials Plastics Elastomers Adhesives Coatings Fibers Thermoplastics Natural Polymer Biosystems Thermosets Commodity plastics Engineering...
... electrode materials Amorphous (Glass) No long range translational order Thin Film Widespread use in microelectronics, telecommunications, optical applications, coatings, etc Solid State Reactions ... prepare METAL, METAL OXIDE, NITRIDE and SULFIDE FILMS •Best precursors for copper films used in microelectronics are Cu(hfacac)2 (VP 0.25 Torr at 60oC) at 250-350oC, and Cu(hfacac)PR3 (VP 0.1 ... arc discharge focuses coating on a small area of substrate and can be scanned across a substrate Microwave plasma discharge is used for commercial production of diamond films 49 Nano Materials...