methods in animal models of psychiatric illness

... phenotype was seen in only a small percentage of fish Combining this low dose of rap1b morpholino with a similarly low dose of san morpholino resulted in a synergistic increase in both the intracerebral ... protein function and lesion biology By exploring the function of the CCM genes in animal models this gap is being CCM animal models bridged Animal models have demonstrated the central importance of ... normal number of cells, but instead of building into concentric layers to form the walls of the heart, the myocardial cells form into a single layer, resulting in a dilated, thin-walled heart...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... [25,26] CARR injection in the hind paw of the mouse is one of the most commonly used models of inflammation and inflammatory pain and it has a biphasic profile [27] Recent studies pointed out important ... prepared in saline 30 μL of saline were injected as control in the controlateral paw No major adverse effects were observed after injection of 2% carrageenan in the right paw of the mice All the animals ... end of both inflammatory models, a panel of cytokines was analyzed in blood At sacrifice whole blood was collected from the heart of the animals and plasma was obtained by centrifugation 25 μl of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... of significant response are indicated by bullets Tree-ring characteristics of subalpine fir correlation between chronologies indicated differences in the factors influencing wood formation in ... known about the variation in radial growth and tree-ring properties of subalpine fir in relation to site factors In the central region of interior British Columbia, subalpine fir grows from the ... fir zone with increasing elevation − about m in height with every 100 m increase in elevation and 1.4 m in height with every 1° in latitude [35] − it is logical to expect a decline in radial growth...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21

... data, using eight “fit” indices We also examined the psychometric characteristics of the BDI-II Our results were broadly in support of the majority findings in the literature, indicating that ... objectives of the study were: (i) using the responses of a sample of Arab college students to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in CFA, to compare the “goodness of fit” indices of the original ... robustness of this model within samples of students across cultures The loadings on the general factor of the bifactor model provide some insight into the nature of the specific domains of the BDI-II...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:22

... limitations, animal models remain fundamental to improving our understanding of human ARF [28-30] There are three basic types of animal models in use for study of ARF: ischemia; toxins and sepsis models; ... planning, conducting and critically evaluating studies utilizing animal models Table summarizes these principles and other guidelines for the use of animal models in the study of ARF Despite their ... getting worse or better This can usually be determined by monitoring serum creatinine alone [14] Like creatinine clearance, the serum creatinine will not be an accurate reflection of GFR in the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... 1391 Animal models of Alzheimer’s disease O Philipson et al Transgenic animal models Models devoid of any disease-causing APP mutations Animal models expressing wild-type (wt) human APP are of interest ... important in minimizing the in uence of confounding factors arising from inherent problems associated with breeding APP transgenic mice and maintaining stable phenotypes We would argue that a single ... similar in single- and doubletransgenic mice [96] The findings are relevant to the Lewy body variant of AD with a-synuclein inclusions Instead of cross-breeding two single-transgenic models, several...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... N-terminal peptide of another blood serum protein, des-angiotensinogen [11] The structure of the Ni(II) complex of the latter contains a specic steric shielding, resulting in a particularly slow kinetics ... illustrated in Fig for Ni(II) binding at site I of HSA Because of the slowness of Ni(II) binding at site I (see below), but not at site II, the equilibration of reaction at each point of Ni(II) ... neighbouring His242) bind phosphate ions, thereby providing another level of competition for metal ion binding Kinetics of Ni(II) binding and Cu(II)/Ni(II) exchange The data presented in Table...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... dependency parsing: An exploration In COLING 16, pages 340–345 Steven Paul Finch 1993 Finding Structure in Language Ph.D thesis, University of Edinburgh Dan Klein and Christopher D Manning 2002 A ... reestimate both individual models. 10 The models in combination were intitialized in the same way as when they were run individually Sufficient statistics were separately taken off these individual ... testing multiple models, it is easier to start them all off in a common way by beginning with an M-step, and, second, it allowed us to point the model in the vague general direction of what linguistic...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... of both the PDGF isoform, PDGF-B, and the receptor PDGF-R frequently occur in gliomas, suggesting the potential role of a malfunctioning autocrine signaling loop in the pathogenesis of some of ... engineered mouse models of brain cancer and the promise of preclinical testing Brain Pathol 2009, 19:132-143 Rao G, Pedone CA, Coffin CM, Holland EC, Fults DW: c-Myc enhances sonic hedgehog-induced ... alterations seen in these rodents obviously limits the use of the xenograft models in some immunologic investigations, namely studies involving T-cell related immunity These models however maintain some...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... the independent variables (avoidance, attention, and fear) was not too high to include them as independent determinants in the regression models To investigate the ability of the models (which includes ... the final models In line with research of anxiety and gender, male gender was associated to less anxiety [34] Not surprisingly, increasing age and clinical Hamang et al Health and Quality of Life ... kind of biases might influence the results Ideally we would like to generalize the findings in our study to all subjects undergoing genetic counseling for LQTS and HCM The proportion of decliners...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... possible An alternative mode of imaging is the use of single photon imaging of γ-emitting isotopes like 11 1In or 99Tc Imaging of γ-emitting isotopes is referred to as single photon emission commuted ... thymidine kinase (HSV-Tk) in cells of animals and then injecting the animals with 2′-fluoro-2′-deoxy-1-beta-Darabinofuranosyl-5-iodo-uracil (FIAU), a compound that is specifically accumulated in ... be collected in a couple of minutes of recording, the migration of leukocytes in tissues is relatively slow and requires many minutes of recording to track cells This longer imaging period requires...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... reduction in local production of proinflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing their circulating levels and abolishing a sensitizing effect on naïve joints A conflicting finding was the protection of ... exacerbations of chronic inflammation in the joint Expression profiles in experimental arthritis models showed that the relative amounts of cytokines present in the joint vary according to disease ... currently under investigation in animal models of arthritis This review focuses on the gene therapeutic strategies of restoring the cytokine balance and genetic synovectomy in animal models of RA, as...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:24

... Figure Intraarticular injection of FGF8 induced the sulfated glycosaminoglycan release in knee joints and destruction of patella Fifty micrograms of FGF8 patella was injected into the knee joint of ... significantly inhibited FGF8-induced incorporation of [3H]thymidine Articular destruction by intraarticular injection of FGF8 into the rat knee joint The activity of FGF8 on the knee joint was tested ... An injection of 50 μg/site FGF8 increased the concentration of S-GAG in joint fluid (Figure 5a) The amount of S-GAG in the FGF8 injection group was 4.2 times higher than that of the saline injection...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:23

... proteoglycan-induced spondylitis and to determine expression patterns of a panel of relevant genes in a large number of distinct colonies of the susceptible mouse strain BALB/c Although induction of disease ... rheumatoid arthritis point to subclassification into distinct disease subsets Arthritis Res Ther 2008, 10:205 Holmdahl R: Dissection of the genetic complexity of arthritis using animal models Immunol ... any differences in incidence and severity, the sub-lines of BALB/c mice showed modest but significant differences in immune parameters such as cytokine and antibody responses and clinical scores...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:20

... IL-1 is not a dominant early inflammatory cytokine in all models, it is the pivotal cytokine in inhibition of chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis in the articular cartilage in all models studied ... identified TNF/IL-1 involvement In 1991, Kollias and coworkers provided insight into the possible role of TNF in arthritis induction in an elegant series of experiments By introducing into mice a modified ... attention in clinical trials Joint erosion scores are often dominated by bone erosion, whereas joint space narrowing, if included, is an insensitive measure of focal cartilage erosion and the impact of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... genetic merit of animals Usually in animal breeding schemes animals are selected on some criteria and so methods of analysis are needed that take account of selection Maximum likelihood (ML) methods ... general these methods are computationally expensive requiring the solution and inversion of equations of the order of number of animals x numher of traits, but there are simplifications when all the ... these models not directly fit into Meyer’s algorithm In this paper we show how Meyer’s method can be extended to fit these and other models, by the introduction of scaling and transformation models...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... chi-square test of fit with dichotomous or ordinal observed variables In all models individuals with partially missing item level data were included, since estimation of missing data patterns ... consisting of affective and social-cognitive symptoms of depression, a worrying factor, as well as a somatic/information processing factor including psychomotor disturbance, irritability, and thinking/decision-making ... resulting in a debate about common and distinct features of depression and anxiety emotional disorders Both can be viewed as manifestations of a broad dimension of internalizing symptoms distinct...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:21

... depressed? b Being involved in talk therapy (psychotherapy) a One in 1000 c Staying sober b One in 50 d Stopping antidepressant medications if feeling well c One in d One in Which of the following is ... following are recognized symptoms of depression EXCEPT: 73 Which of the following is true about the age of onset of depression? 69 All of the following are typical of patients suffering from clinical ... reviewing the individual items in depth Each of the remaining nine experts was invited to formally rate each item for its relevancy in testing depression knowledge and its treatment on a five point...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... reported injecting heroin in the past 30 days Almost three quarters of the sample reported injecting heroin at their most recent injection (74.6%) or injecting with others all or most of the time ... for the first finding is that people tended to continue to engage in behaviors that increased their risk of overdose (e.g., combined use of opioids and alcohol) The finding concerning the SCL-90-R ... lacking confidence in or being unsure of their ability to help in an overdose situation They expressed interest in receiving information about overdose prevention (76.3%) or train- ing on how to respond...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 18:20