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QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEM
Figure 1: Integrating TextualEntailmentin Q/A.
lows. Section 2 describes the three methods of
using textual ... Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the ACL, pages 905–912,
Sydney, July 2006.
c
2006 Association for Computational Linguistics
Methods forUsingTextualEntailment in
Open-Domain Question ... obtained by incorporating TE
during both answer processing and passage re-
trieval. While best results were obtained using
the Hybrid Method (which boosted performance
by nearly 28% for questions...
... functional relations. In Empirical
Methods in Natural Language Processing.
Dan Roth and Mark Sammons. 2007. Semantic and log-
ical inference model fortextual entailment. In Pro-
ceedings of ACL-WTEP ... 2008).
Several interesting form-based categories, in-
cluding Prominent relationships, Argument Types,
and Simultaneous Conditions, had quite low inter-
annotator agreement. We continue to believe ... serve
to point out promising areas for further research in
collecting common-sense knowledge.
References
M. Banko, M. J. Cafarella, S. Soderland, M. Broadhead,
and O. Etzioni. 2007. Open information...
... answer Q prev avg rating
”want in answer in the” inquestion CA avg asker rating
”adenocarcinoma” inquestion CA History “anybody” in question
”was” inquestion ”who is” inquestion Q content ... model.
1 Introduction
Community QuestionAnswering (CQA) has re-
cently become a viable method for seeking infor-
mation online. As an alternative to using general-
purpose web search engines, information ... 2000. Information
retrieval on the web. ACM Computing Surveys, 32(2).
Y. Liu, J. Bian, and E. Agichtein. 2008. Predicting in-
formation seeker satisfaction in community question
answering. In Proceedings...
... Taylor”.
Since applications of entailment rules and coref-
erence substitutions are yet, in most cases, insuffi-
cient in transforming T into H, our system allows
on-the-fly transformations. These transformations
include ... the
learning method, or due to insufficient training data.
4 Conclusions
In this paper we described BIUTEE, an open-source
textual- inference system, and suggested it as a re-
search platform in this ... components into an ex-
isting open-source system. Such research ef-
forts might include developing knowledge re-
sources, developing inference components for
specific phenomena such as temporal infer-
ence,...
... Combining Engines
A relevant feature of EDITS is the possibility to
combine multiple Entailment Engines into a sin-
gle one. This can be done by grouping their def-
initions as sub-modules in ... Learning TextualEntailmentusing SVMs and
String Similarity Measures. Proc. of the ACL ’07
Workshop on TextualEntailment and Paraphrasing.
Ido Dagan and 0ren Glickman 2004. Probabilistic
Textual ... Classi-
fier Combination. The two modalities combine in
different ways the entailment scores produced by
multiple independent engines, and return a final
decision for each T-H pair.
Linear Combination...
... transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or
by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing ... problems were extensively investigated by other researchers in-
cluding foreign ones. Additional information in such problems is provided
in the integral form and admits a physical interpretation as ... definitions in Sobolev (1988)). For ~ = 1 and ~ = 2 we will write,
Library of Congress Cataloging -in- Publication
Prilepko, A. I. (Aleksei Ivanovich)
Methods for solving inverse problems in...
... expressed in a single sen-
tence or a single post. Only identifying question and
answering sentences from the thread is not enough
for automatic question answering. For this example,
in order ... 2D CRF for Sentence
Relation Labeling.
In a thread containing N sentences, we would
have a 2D CRF containing N
2
nodes in a N ì N
grid. Exact inference in such a graph is intractable.
In this ... dependency
tagging. This dependency information can
benefit other tasks such as thread ranking and
answer summarization in online forums.
1 Introduction
Automatic QuestionAnswering (QA) systems...
... Tag-
ging Using Decision Trees. Proceedings of the In-
ternational Conference on New Methodsin Language
Processing.
Marta Tatu andDan Moldovan. 2005. A semantic ap-
proach to recognizing textual entailment. ... language
variability. Proceedings of the PASCAL Workshop of
Learning Methodsfor Text Understanding and Min-
ing.
Ido Dagan, Bill Dolan, Bernardo Magnini, and Dan Roth.
2009. Recognizing textual entailment: Rational, ... Lexical
chains forquestion answering. Proceedings of COL-
ING.
Matteo Negri and Yashar Mehdad. 2010. Creating a Bi-
lingual Entailment Corpus through Translations with
Mechanical Turk: $100 for a...
... trained
on MRDA using lexical and/or prosodic features, and
Wiki talk pages using lexical features.
3.4 Adaptation Results
For bootstrapping, we first train an initial baseline
classifier using ... in the training data. The main idea is
to use unlabeled data in both domains to learn linear
predictors for many “auxiliary” tasks, which should
be somewhat related to the task of interest. In ... sentence
ending in a question mark (followed optionally by
other punctuation) as a question; we also included
parentheticals ending inquestion marks. All other
sentences were labeled as non-questions....
...
advantages of using computers in reading ESP teaching and learning.
I.2.3.1.1.Model of teaching ESP reading with computers
Some models of using computers in teaching FL can be applied for the past ... following main methods to do the research:
Consulting books, journals and newspapers on applying IT in teaching and learning
foreign languages or ESP;
Searching information on the Internet ... for teaching
and learning (in general) and teaching and learning FL (in particular). As far as this study is
concerned, certain applications of computers in teaching and learning FL are going...
... exploring category infor-
mation forquestion retrieval in community question
answer archives. In Proceedings of WWW.
D. Chiang. 2005. A hierarchical phrase-based model for
statistical machine ... machine translation. In Proceedings of ACL.
H. Duan and Y. Cao and C. Y. Lin and Y. Yu. 2008.
Searching questions by identifying questions topics
and question focus. In Proceedings of ACL, pages
156-164.
J. ... to
a linear ranking framework forquestion retrieval in
which different models are incorporated as features.
We consider learning a relevance function of the
following general, linear form:
Score(q,...
...
questions. The re~aining elements are given
information. They represent information assumed by the
questioner to be true of the database domain. This
lapeling of information within the question ... of the
question.
Using
this information,
the
paraphraser must
reconstruct the
question to obtain a phrasing different from
the
original.
The
following
question
must
therefore be ... Look for a division of the
computing facility.*
In question (D), information belonging to each of the
three categories occurred in the question. If one of
these types of information is missing,...