methods for structured natural language data

... combination for i++ for ++ if and foreach foreach for ++ += end end end else if foreach += end else if foreach += end end foreach for ++ += += end end foreach for ++ += += end end for ++ for ++ += += += end end end end return Figure ... now are focusing on the methods that use nu- merical feature vectors to represent the features of natural language data. In this case, since the orig- inal natural language data is symbolic, researchers convert ... order of calculation time becomes . Hierarchical Directed Acyclic Graph Kernel: Methods for Structured Natural Language Data Jun Suzuki, Tsutomu Hirao, Yutaka Sasaki, and Eisaku Maeda NTT Communication...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... the other three better performing estimation methods for this model. The CMM is a probabilistic sequence model and the log-loss used by ME estimation is most natural for it; thus we limit the ... Czech Republic, June 2007. c 2007 Association for Computational Linguistics A Comparative Study of Parameter Estimation Methods for Statistical Natural Language Processing Jianfeng Gao * , Galen ... survey of smoothing techniques for ME models. IEEE Trans. On Speech and Audio Processing, 8(2): 37-50. Collins, M. 2000. Discriminative re-ranking for natural language parsing. In ICML, 175-182....

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Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... per- formance without including domain-specific concep- tual knowledge. 6 gerforn=nca ~i~g~ion for oa~u£al language atoms= =X=~em=, The principle motivation for building natural language ... the database as a substitute for conceptual knowledge regarding the database content area. In this paper I examine the issue of whether or not it is possi- ble to build a natural language database ... motivation for building natural language systems for database access is ~o free the user from the need for data processing instruction. A natural language front end is a step above the "English-like...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... 74–79, Portland, Oregon, USA, 21 June 2011. c 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics Wikulu: An Extensible Architecture for Integrating Natural Language Processing Techniques with Wikis Daniel B ¨ ar, ... Adam Lally. 2004. UIMA: An Ar- chitectural Approach to Unstructured Information Pro- cessing in the Corporate Research Environment. Nat- ural Language Engineering, pages 1–26. Evgeniy Gabrilovich ... 2004. TextRank: Bring- ing Order into Texts. In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Process- ing, pages 404–411. Simon Tucker and Steve Whittaker. 2009. Have A Say Over...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... number of issues in evaluating a natural language data- base query system, particularly the INTELLECT system, will be discussed. A, I. Corporation offers licenses for customers to use the INTELLECT ... for eval- uating our system. INTELLECT's basic function is to translate typed English queries into retrieval commands for a database manage- ment system, then present the retrieved data, ... wide va- riety of databases and user environments. For each database, a Lexicon, or dictionary, must be prepared. The Lexicon describes the words and phrases relevant to the data and how they...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... responses from a natural language data base query system. Stanford Univ. Heuristic Programming Project paper HPP-79-19. Kaplan, S.J., and Davidson, J., Inter- preting Natural Language Updates. ... one candidate for the representation. Another indication of the problem of active verbs in DB shows up in looking a semantic data languages. Sematnic data models are systems for constructing ... maintain database consistency. Integrity constraints take two forms: constraints on a single state and constraints on successive database states. The second kind is harder to en- force; few...

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Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... previous discourse. 4 Conclusions The question of whether natural language database systems still provide a valuable environment for natural language research is not a simple one. As evidenced ... user modelling of plans, the database environment is still a good one for some unsolved natural language problems. Nevertheless, there are interesting natural language problems which cannot ... must be an interesting language problem which is more naturally studied in some other system than in the database system. We are currently working on natural language for expert systems at...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... application to Natural Language Database Interfacing. Ph.D. Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. 316 Semantic Information Preprocessing for Natural Language Interfaces to Databases ... predicates). Output is a logical formula, consist- ing of predicates meaningful to the database engine (database predicates). AET provides a formalism for describing how a formula consisting of lexical ... restrictions. 1 Introduction An approach is described for supplying selectional restrictions to parsers in natural language interfaces (NLIs) to databases. The work is based on Linguis- tic Domain...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:21

... system, we currently use exact solution for input size of 7 propositions or less and switch to greedy for any larger input size to ensure sub-second performance for the NLG component. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 24689101214161820 # ... 565–572, Ann Arbor, June 2005. c 2005 Association for Computational Linguistics Instance-based Sentence Boundary Determination by Optimization for Natural Language Generation Shimei Pan and James C. ... boundary determination in natural language generation exists when more than one sentence is needed to convey multiple concepts and propositions. In the classic natural language generation (NLG)...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 15:20

... Natural Language& quot;, Cog- nition, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 15-47. MADCOW (1992). "Multi-site Data Collection for a Spoken Language Corpus", in Proceedings of the DARPA Speech and Natural ... could also be enforced by the parse preference component de- 57 GEMINI: A NATURAL LANGUAGE SYSTEM FOR SPOKEN -LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING* John Dowding, Jean Mark Gawron, Doug Appelt, John Bear, ... 94025 Internet: dowding@ai.sri.com 1. INTRODUCTION Gemini is a natural language (NL) under- standing system developed for spoken language applications. This paper describes the details of the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 21:20