methods and approaches for data collection analysis and integration

... Non-subtype B Workgroup We have established an international workgroup for the collection and analysis of RT and protease sequences and data from persons infected with non-B HIV-1 subtypes Currently, ... drugs and certain combinations, there are insufficient data, even in subtype B HIV-1 Worldwide collaboration, using common data collection instruments and uniform protocols, is essential to the analysis ... subtypes.[15] The collected data are intended to be publicly available, and can serve as a reference dataset and as a watch list for resistance surveillance programs and epidemiologic studies (see...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 08:20

... wavelet and hidden Markov model–based procedure for robust QT -analysis Chapter 12 describes techniques for supervised classification and hybrid techniques for classifying ECG metrics, where the data ... Transmission, and Representation 27 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Initial Design Considerations 2.2.1 Selecting a Patient Population 2.2.2 Data Collection Location and Length 2.2.3 Energy and Data Transmission ... Artifacts, and Missing Data 55 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Spectral and Cross-Spectral Analysis of the ECG 3.2.1 Extreme Low- and High-Frequency ECG 3.2.2 The Spectral Nature of Arrhythmias 3.3 Standard...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... sufficient for the signal processing tasks Data formats: When storing data, it is important to use an accurate and verifiable data format (at each step) If data are to be converted to another format, ... Transmission, and Representation questions to ask when choosing a data format and access libraries include: • • • • • • • • • • • • • What are the data going to be used for? Are the data format and libraries ... control for the number of patients Statistical techniques must therefore be employed to correct for unbalanced data sets or low numbers, such as bootstrap methods 2.2.2 Data Collection Location and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... can therefore only be used to evaluate metrics involving the LF and HF bands The upper frequency limit of the highest band for HRV analysis is 0.4 Hz [51] Since the average time interval for N points ... modeling approaches that are useful for understanding and investigating the processes underlying the RR tachogram These models range from physiology-based to empirical data- based approaches and statistical ... classification performance statistics (sensitivity, specificity) on the MIT-BIH database [2] of 93.2%, 94.4% for sinus rhythm, 100%, 96.2% for superventricular tachycardia, 97.7%, 98.6% for VT, and 98.6%,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... downsampling, for instance), information is often lost and the transformation is not invertible In general, lossy transformations involve a noninvertible transformation of data using a transformation ... rates and HRVs (determined separately by the standard deviation and the LF/HF ratio) An algorithm can therefore be tested on a vast range of ECGs (some of which can be extremely rare and therefore ... of real and simulated data DeBoer also pointed out the need to perform cross-spectral analysis between the RR tachogram, the systolic BP, and respiration signals Pitzalis et al [21] performed...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... Decomposition and the Hilbert Spectrum for Nonlinear and Non-Stationary Time Series Analysis, ” Proc R Soc Lond A, Vol 454, 1998, pp 903–995 Huang, N E., and S S Shen, The Hilbert-Huang Transform and Its ... by [51] ρ= [xn − µx ][zn − µz ] σ x σz (6.13) where µx and σx are the mean and standard deviation of xn , and µz and σz are the mean and standard deviation of zn A value of ρ ∼ reflects a strong ... transformation of data onto a set of axes which are not necessarily orthogonal Both PCA and ICA can be used to perform lossy or lossless transformations by multiplying the recorded (observation) data...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... preprocessing, data reduction, and analysis stages This section focuses upon the strengths and limitations of TWA analysis methods, broadly comprising short-term Fourier transform (STFT)–based methods ... wave and the ST level are more sensitive to noise power and color Future research will concentrate on methods to constrain the fit for particular applications where performance is substandard ... frequency and it therefore has a bandpass filtering effect leading to a lossy transformation of the data into a set of integrable Gaussians distributed over time This approach could therefore be...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... which are visually informative and accessible for analysis at any time instant Therefore, a technique which converts such point event series into a form suitable for standard analysis techniques ... conclude that five KLT coefficients for ST segment and five for the QRS complex are sufficient and necessary for separating between noisy and clean patterns and for accurately representing the features ... from the data window covering the PQ segment and QRS complex, and the other from the data window covering the ST segment and the initial portion of the T wave (see Figure 9.2) QRS complex and ST...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... the original database, and performance statistics are derived for each new database The mean, standard deviation and median of expected performance, as well as the minimum expected performance (5% ... average value over 72 seconds in length and has to change for more than Ks = 50 µV for the ST level function (and for more than qrs = 0.5 SD and st = 0.4 SD for QRS and ST Mahalanobis distance functions) ... ECG waveform, and hence a greater degree of robustness in the waveform segmentations 11.5 Data Collection In order to develop an automated system for ECG interval analysis, we collected a data set...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... particular, the Q and Toff single-beat segmentation errors of 5.5 ms and 12.4 ms for lead II, and 3.3 ms and 9.5 ms for lead V2, are significantly better than the corresponding errors for the HMM with ... approach for the task of automated ECG interval analysis: the choice of representation for the ECG signal and the choice of model for the segmentation We have demonstrated that wavelet methods, and ... based on powers of two) and translates of the mother wavelet to form an orthonormal basis for signal analysis The DWT is therefore most suited to applications such as data compression where a...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... machine and statistical learning methods to support predictive data analysis and visualization in biomedical informatics and postgenome informatics He has extensively published in journals, books, and ... Unsupervised Learning for ECG Classification Figure 13.15 SOM-based data visualization for sleep apnea data set: (a) U-matrix; and (b) label map ‘‘1’’ stands for Class Normal and ‘‘2’’ represents ... acquisition and analysis, has been designed to illustrate the advantages offered by XML for supporting data exchange between different ECG data acquisition and analysis devices Such representation approaches...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 12:20

... Venn diagram for the 500 first differentially expressed genes found for E coli between times and 24 h after infection for IDL, INRA_J and PTP teams to be essential for microarray data analysis but ... used for the data normalisation Four teams (ROSLIN, AARHUS, IDL, WUR) used the Bioconductor package Limma – Linear Models for Microarray Analysis [13] in R for data normalisation A bioinformatics ... infected gland, including S100 calcium binding proteins A8, A9 and A12, colony stimulating factor and several chemoattractants for neutrophils, e.g interleukin and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:22

... positives (data not shown) The approaches may be split into traditional and more sophisticated methods of analysis SLN1, SLN2 and CDB employed more traditional methods (analysis of variance and fold-change ... arrays Data normalisation of gene expression analysis 675 Table II Summary of the 12 methods used for analysing the simulated data Analysis name” is the name of the analysis method, Data quality ... sophisticated tools for the analysis of microarray data, and it is unfortunate that some of their more sophisticated methods were not brought to bear on the simulated data The more traditional methods were...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:22

... experience and that they form the fundamental basis for understanding vector algebra and calculus While the notions of set and group theory are not directly required for the understanding of cubic ... equations and matrices and that will be the subject of the next chapter 21 Numerical Methods and Data Analysis Chapter Exercises Show that the rational numbers (not including zero) form a group ... calculations can be made 25 Numerical Methods and Data Analysis 2.1 Errors and Their Propagation One of the most reliable aspects of numerical analysis programs for the electronic digital computer...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 19:15

... Annual Book of Standards, Part 31, D3370-76 “Standard Practices for Sampling Water,” American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia Methods 330.4 (Titrimetric, DPD-FAS) and 330.5 (Spectrophotometric, ... µg/L, and the standard deviation of the recovery (s) in µg/L, for each parameter using the four results 8.2.5 For each parameter compare s and with the corresponding acceptance criteria for precision ... criteria for precision and accuracy, respectively, found in Table If s and for all parameters of interest meet the acceptance criteria, the system performance is acceptable and analysis of actual...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... concentration for each compound and internal standard, and calculate response factors (RF) for each compound using Equation Equation where: As = Response for the parameter to be measured Ais = Response for ... tap and distilled water, and dry at 105°C before use 5.1.2 5.2 Septum—Teflon-faced silicone (Pierce #12722 or equivalent) Detergent wash, rinse with tap and distilled water and dry at 105°C for ... chemical analysis Additional references to laboratory safety are available and have been identified4,6 for the information of the analyst Apparatus and Materials 5.1 Sampling equipment, for discrete...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... 51, and 86 101 103 96 61 and 98 63 65, 83, 85, 98, and 100 96 61 and 98 83 85 98 62, 64, and 100 97 99, 117, and 119 117 119 and 121 127 83, 85, and 129 112 63, 65, and 114 75 77 130 95, 97, and ... and 206 97 83, 85, 99, 132, and 134 75 77 106 63 and 65 173 171, 175, 250, 252, 254, and 256 168 83, 85, 131, 133, and 166 164 129, 131, and 166 92 91 112 114 106 91 146 148 and 113 146 148 and ... acceptance criteria for precision and accuracy, respectively, found in Table If s and for all parameters of interest meet the acceptance criteria, the system performance is acceptable and analysis of...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... Annual Book of Standards, Part 31, D3370-76 “Standard Practices for Sampling Water,” American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia 10 Methods 330.4 (Titrimetric, DPD-FAS) and 330.5 (Spectrophotometric, ... µg/L, and the standard deviation of the recovery (s) in µg/L, for each parameter using the four results 8.2.5 For each parameter compare s and with the corresponding acceptance criteria for precision ... criteria for precision and accuracy, respectively, found in Table If s and for all parameters of interest meet the acceptance criteria, the system performance is acceptable and analysis of actual...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... Annual Book of Standards, Part 31, D3370-76 “Standard Practices for Sampling Water,” American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia Methods 330.4 (Titrimetric, DPD-FAS) and 330.5 (Spectrophotometric, ... capability and an ongoing analysis of spiked samples to evaluate and document data quality The laboratory must maintain records to document the quality of data that is generated Ongoing data quality ... aliquots of reagent water For each parameter compare s and with the corresponding acceptance criteria for precision and accuracy, respectively, found in Table If s and for all parameters of interest...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 20:20

... D3370-76 “Standard Practices for Sampling Water,” American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia 10 Methods 330.4 (Titrimetric, DPD-FAS) and 330.5 (Spectrophotometric, DPD) for Chlorine, ... calibration standard according to Section 12 and tabulate peak height or area responses against concentration for each compound and internal standard Calculate response factors (RF) for each compound ... capability and an ongoing analysis of spiked samples to evaluate and document data quality The laboratory must maintain records to document the quality of data that is generated Ongoing data quality...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 20:20