mechanisms of visceral sensitization in humans

... new interdependencies created by the combination of different elements and it is rooted in a change in the capacity of seeing and perceiving relationships more than in an increased capacity in ... a process of making connections among different problem domains (e.g combining alternatives generated in the domain of fund-raising with alternatives generated in the domain of design) This process ... regularities in the cognitive mechanisms producing them? Based on the findings of a longitudinal case study on the radical change of the aesthetic features of a complex artifact –e.g the design of a...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20

... understanding of the dynamic system to obtain an interpretation of the biochemical nature of the activating and inhibiting modes In essence, we this by mapping the measured phase and amplitude data of ... Annotations of the major components (B) Interpretation of the data discussed in the text In this panel, the phases of ATP and G6P have been ipped 180, indicating the relative phases of the minima of their ... the inhibiting mode is high energy charge The activating and inhibiting feedback can be explained by the same reasoning as given for the interpretation in panels B and E; the 2651 Mechanisms of...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 16:20

... to increased salinity stress; with both a reduction in the total number of seeds germinating and a delay in the initiation of the germination process Seeds of many species, including Atriplex halimus ... development, one of the most sensitive periods in the life cycle of halophytes, to ensure survival of the developing seedlings [83] NaCl priming in melon seedlings grown in saline conditions increases ... rather than in vitro may occur due to increase in substrate concentration, and increase or decrease in levels of enzymes involved in intermediate metabolism The ability of halophytes to grow in highly...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 02:20

... immunization by injecting 20 μg of CII in the left ears and vehicle in the right ears Bars in Figure 3d represent the percentages of swelling in the CII-challenged ears, normalized to the swelling of the ... of ELR+ CXC chemokines in RA synoviocytes, especially in the presence of TNF-α, highlighting its role in neutrophil recruitment into the joint [49] Furthermore, IL-17 induces the production of ... contributing to this protective effect of IFN-γ in CIA are inhibition of the CFA-induced myelopoiesis and osteoclastogenesis, inhibition of the production of GCP2 and thus neutrophil infiltration,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... domain gain in animals and there are also indications of the importance of adjacent gene joining [11] and NAHR [43] in the formation of chimeric genes in the Drosophila lineage Terminal gains of ... domain has lost the introns present in the original sequence and the pre-SET domain has an intron containing repeat elements in a position not present in the original domain, suggesting it was inserted ... position of the domain insertion and the number of exons gained in the set of high-confidence domain gains and the set of medium-confidence domain gains (a) The distribution of characteristics of domains...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... genotyping millions of these SNPs in hundreds of individuals, the International HapMap Project created SNP linkage disequilibrium maps, reducing the vast majority of common genetic variation in the ... design of genome-wide SNP arrays that allow the rapid and cost-effective genotyping of hundreds of thousands to millions of tag SNPs in each individual, thus allowing the examination of common ... Therefore, the findings of most association studies currently can only be used for crude predictions of the likelihood that an individual will develop a certain disease To translate the findings of SNP-based...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:21

... 1.2 Intrinsic Protein Disorder in Protein-Protein Interactions Many proteins execute their biological functions through protein-protein interactions By binding to interacting partners, proteins ... thus leading to extremely complicated protein-protein interaction networks 1.7 Importance of MoRF Mechanisms in Hub Proteins Independent of their roles in hub protein interactions, intrinsically ... Modifications in One-to-Many Binding 56 3.2 Many-to-One Binding 59 3.2.1 Peptide-Protein Interactions and Protein-Protein Interactions .61 3.2.2 Binding Profiles: Independent...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 09:56

... rich in proline, serine and threonine residues, and then finally a C-terminal SH3 domain The SH3 domain of cortactin binds with multiple partners, for example the proline-rich domain of dynamin-II ... C-terminus of dynamin is the PRD (proline-rich domain) which mediates the binding with multiple partners including cortactin Figure Dynamin structural domains Fig The structural domains of dynamin ... amino acid sequence of dynamin contains a GTP-binding domain [94], one of the major focuses of dynamin research has been its function in endocytosis as a GTPase by acting either like a pinching-force...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 12:36

... regardless of treatment or subject grouping either by gender or caffeine usage Subjects in the present study ingested 39 mg of p-synephrine and 528 mg of caffeine the day before testing followed by ingestion ... groups The increase in heart rate does not coincide with the pharmacokinetics including blood levels and half–life of p-synephrine [11, 13], but does coincide with the thermic effect of food in this ... differences in pharmacological properties of the m- and p- isomers of synephrine can be explained on the basis of adrenergic receptor binding It is well known that, in general, binding to α-adrenergic...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:10

... many proteins involved in apoptosis, including the expression profiles of proteins involved in the mitochondrial (bcl-2, bax, and bcl-x, etc.) and stress reaction-related pathways of apoptosis ... of protein changes for the experimental sample to control detected by using the Odyssey Infrared Imaging System (+) means an increase of signal intensity, and (-) means a decrease of signal intensity ... of protein changes for the experimental sample to control detected by using the Odyssey Infrared Imaging System (+) means an increase of signal intensity, and (-) means a decrease of signal intensity...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2012, 15:12

... measurements of inorganic nitrite in blood seem useless for assessment of toxicity of alkyl nitrites The most useful indicator of alkyl nitrite poisoning is methemogloblin concentrations in blood; ... nitrite as a main component b) In the commercial products of an alkyl nitrite, small amounts of corresponding alkyl alcohol, the decomposition product, are contained Since the decomposition of an alkyl ... containing nitrite esters Jpn J Toxicol 13:85–86 (in Japanese) 5) Bradberry SM, Whittington RM, Parry DA et al (1994) Fatal methemoglobinemia due to inhalation of isobutyl nitrite J Toxicol Clin...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 00:15

... containing a large amount of the derivatization reagent has to be injected into GC/MS, resulting in the marked contamination of the ion source of an MS instrument The lighting-up time for the filament ... procedures including various documents clarifying the purpose of its use are required VX and its decomposition products d) Upon the use of t-BDMS derivatization of EMPA, the final solution containing ... Principle of Toxicology – Science of Poisons Jiho Inc., Tokyo, pp 131–173 (in Japanese) 16) Tu AT, Inoue N (2001) Overall View of Chemical and Biological Weapons Jiho Inc., Tokyo, pp 79–94 (in...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 00:15

... 60 °C for 20 After cooling, a 1-µL aliquot of it is injected into GC/MS iv Derivatization-2 One of the above dry residues is dissolved in mL of solution of diazomethane in ethyl ether i, left ... spectra of the methyl ester plus TMS and TMS derivatives of ∆9-THC-11-oic acid The Substance Abuse and Mental Service Administration (SAMSA) in USA set the cutoff value of ∆9-THC-11-oic acid in urine ... screening with EMIT The concentrations of ∆9-THC-11-oic acid measured by GC/MS were 22 ng/mL in urine and 0.6 ng/g in the liver Case 2: A paper factory worker was killed by being caught in a machine...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... increased by various stresses [7] Therefore, the detection of low levels of morphine starting from a large amount of a specimen cannot be a proof of the intake of the drug The level of morphine ... appreciable amounts of morphine (including its conjugates) are reported to be excreted into urine [9] Because of these reasons, it seems reasonable to set a cutoff value of morphine in urine to be 300 ... a low level of morphine is detected, special care should be taken, because of the following reasons Low levels (0.1–25 pmol/g tissue) of morphine exist in various animals including humans as an...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... hemoglobin into methemoglobin; for such conversion, nitrate should be reduced to nitrite in a human body In the present case, the victim had ingested a preparation including a large amount of nitrate, ... Cyanosis in infants caused by nitrates in well water JAMA 257:2788–2792 12) Fan AM, Steinberg VE (1996) Health implications of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water: an update on methemoglobinemia ... containing nitrate salt can be considered However, a form or a product containing nitrate ingested could not be specified in the present poisoning case Notes a) When nitrite is present in blood,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... determination of methemoglobin in blood Clin Chim Acta 30:679–682 5) Katsumata Y, Aoki M, Oya M et al (1980) Simultaneous determination of carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin in victims of carbon ... blood samples at the ratio of 1:1 References 1) Evelyn KA, Malloy HAT (1938) Microdetermination of oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin and sulfhemoglobin in a single sample of blood J Biol Chem 126:655–662 ... carboxyhemoglobin Forensic Sci Int 17:177–184 7) Sato K (1983) A method for determination of methemoglobin in blood containing carboxyhemoglobin Jpn J Legal Med 37:133–144 (in Japanese with an English...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... the discrepancies of results among testing institutions and to secure the accuracy of each analysis The cutoff values [9] of BE in urine for cocaine abuse being established in U.S.A are 300 ng/mL ... cocaine inhalation; the ratio was 10.6 on average for urine sampled 0–8 h after the inhalation The ratios increased according to the increase in time interval between the inhalation and samplings ... amounts of unchanged cocaine, EME and BE excreted into urine are 1–14 %, 12–60 % and 14–55 % of total amount of cocaine administered, respectively [16, 18, 19] Because of the basicity of cocaine,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 01:15

... Pentazocine Pentazocine In two autopsy cases of pentazocine poisoning, its concentrations were 9.2 and 3.3 µg/mL in blood, 43 and 34 µg/g in the liver, and not detectable and 4.5 µg/mL in urine, ... quantitation of both therapeutic and toxic levels of pentazocine in blood The recovery of pentazocine using the Sep-Pak C18 cartridge was close to 100 % for both whole blood and urine [8] In this ... concentrations of pentazocine should be not smaller than for the calibration curve, which is composed of pen- Pentazocine tazocine concentration in the horizontal axis and peak area ratio of pentazocine...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 02:15

... ng/mL in blood and 0.2–7.7 ng/mL in urine [4] References 1) Tu AT (1999) Principle of Toxicology – Science of Poisons – Jiho Inc., Tokyo, pp 108–109 (in Japanese) 2) The Pharmaceutical Society of ... Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis in Poisoning – With Commentary – Nanzando, Tokyo, p 43 and p 151 (in Japanese) 3) Cody JT (2000) Hallucinogens In: Bogusz MJ (ed) Handbook of Analytical Separations, ... nm, the fraction showing strong fluorescence is obtained by TLC or LC, and extracted with chloroform The resulting residue is subjected to analysis by the direct inlet method of EI-MS Analytical...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 01:15

... analyses of MDAs in the forms of tablets and those for GC/MS analysis of MDAs and their main metabolites 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HMA) in urine ... in > Fig 7.5 For the proof of the use of MDMA, detection of MDA along with MDMA itself is being usually performed [12–14] However, the main metabolic pathway of MDMA in humans is the 233 234 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamines ... Services Administration (SAMHSA) is 250 ng/mL Symptoms, and toxic and fatal concentrations MDMA causes increased catecholamine (including serotonin) release and blockade of reuptake resulting in cardiac...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 01:15