mechanisms of cytotoxic lymphocyte mediated cell death

... to the death of neurons (Ekshyyan and Aw, 2004) 1.1.1 Types of cell death: apoptosis and necrosis Mammalian cells can die by one of several different defined pathways, the most common of which ... of all animal cell types Originally, they are thought as involved only in the digestion of cell nutrients, cell protein turnover, tissue remodeling, lysis of invaders, and autolysis of dead cells ... Destructive effects of HOCl generation 25 26 1.3.3.1 Direct damage of biomolecules 26 1.3.3.2 Destruction of extracellular matrix 28 1.3.3.3 Cell death 29 Rationale and objective of the study 30...

Ngày tải lên: 10/11/2015, 12:35

... Therefore, the integration of the ER stress and osmotic stress signals into a circuit of cell death occurs through the activation of NRPmediated signaling This cell death integrated pathway has ... expression system, GmNAC6induced cell death occurred more rapidly than NRPmediated cell death, as it would be expected from effectors acting downstream of NRPs in the cell death signaling pathway We ... GmNAC3, may be a target of the NRP -mediated cell death signaling that integrates ER stress and osmotic stress responses GmNAC6 promotes cell death in tobacco leaves and in soybean cells We have recently...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... CD3+αβ T lymphocytes, NK and CD3+γδ T lymphocytes are still a matter of investigation There are different circadian variations of the total number of circulating immune cells and of specific lymphocyte ... distributed "NK -cell receptors," being expressed at the surface of all CD8+αβ+ T cells, γδ T cells, NK cells, as well as on certain activated CD4+ T cells NKG2D is a potent costimulator of TCR -mediated ... on B cells on which it presents antigenic peptides for recognition by the T cell receptor on CD4+ T cells TcRδ1 epitope of the constant domain δ of chain of TCR found on γδTCR expressing cells...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 09:20

... using an intrinsic molecular death machine 3.1.2 Morphological characteristics of apoptotic cell death Apoptosis is a major form of cell death, characterized by a series of distinct morphological ... active form of apoptotic cell death, necrosis is a passive form of cell death caused by gross physical or chemical insults Necrotic cell death is characterized by the early loss of plasma membrane ... effect of NO on vascular smooth muscle cells (Garg and Hassid, 1989) Because the rate of cell proliferation actually depends on the balance between cell death versus cell division and cell cycle...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:12

... study, the four human colonic cells were shown to have varying degree of cell death as well as cell cycle arrest when treated with combined herbs Cells of different stages of colon cancer showed varying ... Treatment of human colonic cells with individual herbal extract……99 5.4 Immunomodulatory effects of the herbal extract on the human colonic cells………………………………………………………………… …101 5.5 Mechanism of cell death ... of colon cancer and it is of our interest to find out the application of the Chinese medicine: (1) If the Chinese medicine induced cell death to a greater degree in cancer cells than normal cells,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 19:03

... activation of ERK in different subcellular compartments is not tolerated and results in different forms of cell death (see Fig 1) The limits of ERK1/2 -mediated cell death studies, the specificity of MEK ... pathway and senescence Mechanisms of ERK-induced senescence Cellular senescence is an irreversible form of cell cycle arrest that prevents proliferation of damaged cells or cells that have surpassed ... B-RafE600 -mediated transformation and malignant tumor formation [133] The hallmarks of ERK -mediated cell death: sustained and sequestered activity ROS as mediators of ERK-induced cell death In...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 08:20

... documentation of cell morphology, images from unfixed cells were obtained using an Axiovert 100 microscope (Zeiss) and a DS-5 M camera (Nikon) Cytotoxicity assays For flow cytometric measurement of cell death, ... Degterev A, Yuan J: Expansion and evolution of cell death programmes Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2008, 9:378-390 Bröker LE, Kruyt FA, Giaccone G: Cell death independent of caspases: a review Clin Cancer Res ... 2009, 4:41 negative selection of lymphocytes, the termination of immune responses, embryonic removal of interdigital webs, regulation of bone growth, ovulation, and cellular turnover in the intestine...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... susceptibility to cell death III.8 Regulation of intracellular pH as one of the mechanisms of 89 NHE-1 -mediated cell survival III.9 Region of NHE-1 promoter involved in O2. mediated activation ... Table of contents ii Abstract vi List of figures vii List of abbreviations x Chapter I Introduction I.1 Cell Death I.1.a Types of Cell Death I.1.a Programmed cell death or apoptosis I.1.b Apoptotic ... types of Cell Death Fig B Death- Receptor mediated Apoptosis Fig C Mitochondial pathway of Apoptosis Fig D Wide array of functions attributed to Reactive Oxygen Species Fig E A model of ROS-mediated...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:31

... II cell death – autophagic cell death 16 1.2.3 Type III cell death – necrosis 21 1.3 Programmed cell death (PCD) in protozoan parasites .23 1.3.1 Occurrence of PCD in unicellular ... mode of cell death to from autophagic cell death to necrotic cell death (Tresse et al., 2007) 24 Unicellular protozoan parasites cause a wide variety of human diseases Current treatment of these ... of PCD in unicellular eukaryotes The existence of PCD in unicellular organisms may seem counterintuitive, as each cell can survive as an individual and the death of the cell means the death of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:35

... proteins: inducers of cytotoxicity S Huerfano et al A B Fig Influence of caspase inhibition on cell death (A) Measurement of cell toxicity by LDH release into medium after treatment of 3T3 cells expressing ... present in VP3 of the MPyV Regulation of cell death during infection can be a complex process of several viral functions as well as functions associated with cell defence mechanisms Cellular responses ... inducers of cytotoxicity A B C Fig Localization of VP2, VP3 and their fusion variants in transfected 3T3 cells Selected confocal microscopy sections of 3T3 cells, h post-transfection, are presented Cells...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... amounts of nitric oxide (NO) generated by pathological expression of NO synthase isoforms are certainly neurotoxic, whereas homeostatic levels of NO produced by the endothelial isoform of this ... mediators of CB-induced hypothermia [89] Activation of cytoprotective/anti-apoptotic signaling pathways Biochemical pathways that trigger apoptotic cell death or cytoprotective cellular mechanisms ... Simultaneous intracellular calcium and sodium flux imaging in human vanilloid receptor (VR1)-transfected human embryonic kidney cells: a method to resolve ionic dependence of VR1 -mediated cell death J Pharmacol...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... the percentage of cells within a population that are actively undergoing apoptotic cell death For the cell- death assessment, the cells were plated in 60 mm dish at a density of · 105cells per dish ... apoptotic cell death in human cervical cancer cells Inhibition of JNK effectively protected cells from radiation-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptotic cell death FEBS ... induces expression of Fas and activation of caspases in human cervical cancer cells (A) Ionizing radiation-induced apoptotic cell death HeLa cells were treated with 10 Gy of c-radiation, and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... oxidase prevents programmed cell death expressed with a PCD score of 0–6, where a score of indicates no change, and a score of signifies completion of PCD with the formation of apoptotic bodies [4] ... Thummel CS (2005) Mechanisms of steroidtriggered programmed cell death in Drosophila Semin Cell Dev Biol 16, 237–243 Fahrbach SE, Nambu JR & Schwartz LM (2005) Programmed cell death in insect neuromuscular ... progression of PCD [8] In the cell death of Drosophila salivary glands, Drosophila hormone receptor (DHR3) is the key gene in the hierarchy of gene expression induced by 20E [17] During the expression of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 00:20

... promoting cell death following BCR–ABL inhibition Downregulation of BIM is of key importance in cytokine -mediated survival in murine haematopoetic progenitor cells [61] Expression of BCR–ABL ... cells represses BIM and allows interleukin-3–independent survival; treatment of these cells with imatinib reverses the effects of BCR– ABL, resulting in increased expression of BIM and cell death ... activation Treatment of primary AML cells with either of two FLT3 inhibitors (AG1295 or PKC412) caused a substantial cell- death response [70] Activation of the PI3K–PKB pathway downstream of FLT3 was...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:20

... Reinbothe et al JA and cell death Fig Central role of JA in cell death regulation in plants Animals respond to many external factors with a plethora of different cell death pathways of which two are ... programmed cell death: a common way to die Plant Physiol Biochem 38, 647–655 96 Hoeberichts FA & Woltering EJ (2002) Multiple mediators of plant programmed cell death: interplay of conserved cell death ... involved in the regulation of cell death in cet plants [93,94] JA action on mitochondria links oxidative damage to cell death Mitochondria play an active role in cell death regulation in animals...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20

... to induce apoptotic cell death of the DT40 cell line, through depletion of ICAD [inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (CAD)] and inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP2), and activation of caspase activities ... participation of B cell- specific factors in pre-mature B -cell apoptosis mediated by BCR stimulation by analyzing the E2A-deficient DT40 mutant E2A)/), we clarified the impact of E2A on apoptotic cell death of ... arrest and apoptosis in B -lymphocyte progenitor cells [19] However, the impact of B cell- specific factors, including E2A, on the BCR -mediated apoptosis of pre-mature B cells remains unclear, when...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 04:20

... role of adipose tissue and the mechanism of adipocyte differentiation, particularly during embryonic and fetal life [3] Cell death- inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE) proteins, including cell death- inducing ... maturation of lipid droplets, suggesting important roles of CIDEC during the differentiation of pre-adipocytes Discussion The differentiation of adipocytes is the process of formation of new adipocytes ... transcription of Fsp27 [9] Over-expression of FSP27 in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes as well as in COS-7 cells markedly increases the size of lipid droplets and enhances the accumulation of total neutral...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

... assayed for cytotoxicity on two types of human tumor cell lines: human erythroleukemia cell line K-562 and human tongue carcinoma cell line SAS First, we examined the cytotoxic effect of RNase T1 ... leiomyoblastoma cell line G-402 and Fig Cytotoxic effect of RNase T1/PS/HVJ in human tumor cell lines K-562 cells (circles) or SAS cells (squares) were incubated for 20 h at 37 °C in the presence of different ... to cancer cells This cytotoxicity is stronger than that of onconase Furthermore, this RNase T1 induces the apoptotic cell death program Because its cytotoxicity is not specific to tumor cells, it...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 12:20

... percentage of cells with fragmented nuclei is low ( 2% at 24 h and 20% at 48 h), suggesting that other mechanisms of cell death are occurring With the aim of identifying these cell death mechanisms, ... feature of ADF cells, we tested the effect of ANT1 siRNA on the viability of an additional glioblastoma cell line, the U87-MG cells U-87-MG showed a higher number of ANT1 transcripts then ADF cells ... C D E ANT1-silencing effect on cell viability might be a result of the onset of a programmed cell death process, we analyzed the effect of siRNA in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 09:20

... presence of H pylori at bacterium /cell ratio of 300:1 for hours Determination of cell viability and DNA fragmentation AGS cells were cultured in the presence of H pylori at a bacterium /cell ratio of ... relations of apoptotic cell death, the expression of PAR-2, and the activation of MAPK in H pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells, cell viability and DNA fragmentation were determined in the cells ... Results Inhibition of PAR-2 expression augments H pyloriinduced cell death and DNA fragmentation in gastric epithelial cells To investigate the relations of PAR-2 expression, cell death, and DNA...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20