measuring temperature distributions during microwave processing

... measurements Computational model 2.1 Points of temperature measurements T1 = Temperature of the aluminum load in the crucible during the melting operation T2 = Temperature of the hot gases 10 cm away ... - Temperature range of -180C to 13720C; Accuracy = ± 0.5 % ; Sensitivity = 40 µV/0C A sensing probe and Digital temperature indicators used to read the temperatures In order to understand temperature ... of temperature T2 Table Deviation rate for temperature T3 Time (min) CFD T3 Exp (K) Deviation % 10 871 735 15.5 20 1080 1043 3.42 30 1150 1051 8.6 40 1222 1123 Variation of Temperature 1400 Temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:59

... nanosensors capable of mapping the temperature and pressure distributions in geothermal reservoirs Measuring temperature was the primary goal, because temperature is of greater significance in geothermal ... 1.3.4 Time -temperature indicators Sing et al (2009) have developed time -temperature indicators (TTIs) that have been demonstrated to work in high temperature regimes (130°C – 200°C) As most temperature ... well, engineering temperature sensing mechanisms that are both detectable and irreversible, and inferring the spatial geolocation of temperature measurements in order to map temperature distribution...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 20:20

... heating performance characteristics of microwave ovens 12.6 Conclusions and future trends 12.7 References 13 Measuring temperature distributions during microwave processing K Knoerzer, M Regier and ... properties of foods 4.3 Microwave interactions with dielectric properties 4.4 Measuring microwave heating 4.5 Microwave heating variables 4.6 Product formulation to optimize microwave heating 4.7 ... Introduction 13.2 Methods of measuring temperature distributions 13.3 Physical principles of different temperature mapping methods 13.4 Measurement in practice: MRI analysis of microwave- induced heating...

Ngày tải lên: 23/05/2014, 13:51

... nanosensors capable of mapping the temperature and pressure distributions in geothermal reservoirs Measuring temperature was the primary goal, because temperature is of greater significance in geothermal ... 1.3.4 Time -temperature indicators Sing et al (2009) have developed time -temperature indicators (TTIs) that have been demonstrated to work in high temperature regimes (130°C – 200°C) As most temperature ... well, engineering temperature sensing mechanisms that are both detectable and irreversible, and inferring the spatial geolocation of temperature measurements in order to map temperature distribution...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 22:20

... identifying novel miRNAs, by measuring the precision of miRNA processing from their precursors, was employed This method, conceptually proposed by Meyer et al., holds that the precise processing from precursor ... We report here the establishment of such a method of identifying miRNAs by measuring the Page of 14 precision of miRNA processing from precursors This method has resulted in 66 newly identified ... implemented a novel process of identifying miRNA from small RNA sequencing data by measuring the precision of miRNA processing from precursors Using this method, 66 novel miRNAs belonging to 54 families...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... performance of the algorithm Stable distributions provides a framework for synthesis of robust algortihms for a broad class of signals The linear theory of stable distributions and processes, and ... on Signal Processing, 45(9):23012306, 1997 [2] Preben Kidmose Adaptive Filtering for Non-Gaussian Processes In Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ... Signal Processing, 43(12):28842897, December 1995 [4] Gennady Samorodnitsky and Murad S Taqqu Stable Non-Gaussian Random Processes Chapman&Hall, 1994 [5] Min Shao and Chrysostomos L Nikias Signal Processing...

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2015, 08:03

... 221 221 222 225 234 236 241 241 13 Measuring temperature distributions during microwave processing 243 ... reflection formulas Finally, the general setup of microwave processing equipment, consisting of a microwave source (the magnetron), a 20 The microwave processing of foods waveguide and an applicator, ... thermal energy Conversely, during a microwave drying process, the wet part of the product is able to convert more microwave energy into thermal energy 34 The microwave processing of foods Fig 2.10...

Ngày tải lên: 02/12/2015, 19:08

... thermal equilibrium Calibration example assuming: Fixed temperature- compensated VDD Fixed temperature- compensated reference oscillator Area of temperature interest: +25°C - +75°C Measured uncalibrated ... tested temperature Five hundred uncalibrated raw data COUNTS were then recorded and averaged for each tested temperature to produce Figure 2 Rough calibration of other hardware/systems/ processes Temperature ... formula is: In using the WDT to measure temperature, calibration of the microcontroller against system errors is required Since the WDT is piece wise linear with temperature, we know that the two major...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2016, 11:34

... calibration temperature C DOWN key pressed? NO YES NO NO YES C DOWN key pressed? Decrement high calibration temperature NO Increment low calibration temperature Decrement low calibration temperature ... for calculation and display of temperature and other routine : CALCULATING TEMPERATURE WITH WDT COUNT The calculation of temperature is based on the two calibrated temperatures and their corresponding ... environment where the temperature is known, such as a precision temperature forcing system Note: Before setting the temperature, the system should be allowed to equilibrate at a particular temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2016, 14:28

... technology of microwave heating Some theories also predict a direct effect of microwaves on enzymatic activity, but there is not yet any experimental proof The effect of Microwave processing 403 microwave ... as Microwave processing 401 Relative absorption 25 Raw beef 20 15 10 f = 2.45 GHz Distilled water –20 20 60 100 140 Temperature [°C] Fig 18.4 Energy absorption, water vs beef in relation to temperature ... regard to microwave heating, can be heated, but glass or plastic containers remain cold (A mother heating a baby’s bottle in a microwave oven and testing the temperature by sensing its surface temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 03/09/2016, 15:49

... of cold acclimation in A thaliana T Nagele et al ¨ temperature (LT50) values of both accessions were significantly different at all time points during acclimation, confirming that Rsch is more tolerant ... showing a slight decrease during the first day at °C and stabilization over the following time period C24 showed slightly lower mean rates of carbon uptake before and during the first day of cold ... simulated export rate during the first day of exposure to °C were very similar in both accessions, showing a slight decrease, which was also found for net carbon uptake (see above) During the following...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... properties under acclimation to seasonal temperature variation can be defined by genetic processes It is known that acclimation to low temperatures, or seasonal temperature variation, modulates gene ... slightly by acclimation temperature (Table 3) By contrast, the minor constituent (mRNAb ) displays a strong temperature- dependent ldhÀa expression profile (Table 3) Hence, we observe temperature- dependent ... mechanism during temperature acclimation Therefore, gene duplication, which an important evolutionary factor [27,28,33,34], may also play a significant role in seasonal acclimation to temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 02:20

... monoclonal antibodies were prepared according to [29] Proteolytic experiments during thermal treatment Thermal treatments at fixed temperature were carried out as reported in [6] with minor modifications ... hydrolysis of BLG at high temperature Table Thermal stability of trypsin and chymotrypsin Proteins (0.125 mgÆmL)1 in 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.8) were heated for at the given temperatures in the ... °C, hydrolysis of BLG became significant when either protease were allowed to act on BLG during exposure at temperatures between 55 and 65 °C As summarized in Table 2, the amount of residual BLG...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 15:20

... The confidence level in determining the absolute temperature value is estimated to be Ϯ50 K The error in determining the relative temperature temperature difference at different time or at different ... fluence The effect of a temperature gradient at the solid–liquid interface is considered in calculating the interface temperature From numerical simulation,9 it is found that the temperature gradient ... fluence of 0.95 J/cm2͒ causes the measured temperature to be approximately 40 K higher than the actual interface temperature The maximum solid–liquid interface temperatures at different laser fluences...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:54

... and discussion Temperature distributions along the x direction at ps are shown in Fig The laser pulse energy is 0.25 nJ and the pulse center is located at x = y = µm The peak temperature reaches ... diffusion during the short period of time Further, the plastic strain is produced only in the near-center region, since generation of plastic strain is highly temperature dependent due to the temperature- dependent ... both depend on the laser intensity The maximum temperatures obtained are all lower than the softening point of fused silica (1858 K) The transient temperature field obtained from the thermal analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:54

... and discussion Temperature distributions along the x direction at ps are shown in Fig The laser pulse energy is 0.25 nJ and the pulse center is located at x = y = µm The peak temperature reaches ... diffusion during the short period of time Further, the plastic strain is produced only in the near-center region, since generation of plastic strain is highly temperature dependent due to the temperature- dependent ... both depend on the laser intensity The maximum temperatures obtained are all lower than the softening point of fused silica (1858 K) The transient temperature field obtained from the thermal analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:58

... http://www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/7/1/82 temperature depended on the substrate and plasma heating during synthesis Commonly, the plasma heating cannot be avoided during UNCD growth; thus, minimizing ... plasma heating is crucial to realize a low -temperature synthesis Therefore, argon-rich (hydrogenpoor) microwave plasma is popularly adopted for lowtemperature preparation of UNCD films due to ... [10,18] The decrease of hydrogen trapping during synthesis is expectably caused by high -temperature growth (high-pressure) due to the hydrogen desorption temperature which is between 600°C and 1,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... http://www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/7/1/82 temperature depended on the substrate and plasma heating during synthesis Commonly, the plasma heating cannot be avoided during UNCD growth; thus, minimizing ... plasma heating is crucial to realize a low -temperature synthesis Therefore, argon-rich (hydrogenpoor) microwave plasma is popularly adopted for lowtemperature preparation of UNCD films due to ... [10,18] The decrease of hydrogen trapping during synthesis is expectably caused by high -temperature growth (high-pressure) due to the hydrogen desorption temperature which is between 600°C and 1,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... advantage of microwave heating When the microwave is applied in the system, microwave induces the rotation and migration of materials having dielectric property and molecular dipole moment The microwave ... constant for temperature above 800 °C Conclusions MnZnFe2O4 nanoparticles have been successful synthesized by microwave assisted low temperature synthesis method Due to high heating efficiency, microwave ... because of the microwave energy transfers to the thermal energy by collision between rotating materials Therefore, the generation of localized high temperatures in the presence of microwave, with...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... plant samples to LT before measuring GUS activity at room temperature [10] To date, and to the best of our knowledge, no plant promoter showing specific inducible activity during in vitro culture ... plant Arabidopsis thaliana for identification of genes activated by light during seedling development [6] Tagging of low temperature (LT) (6 to h at 4°C), responsive promoters was also reported ... (e.g somaclonal variation) during in vitro culture, (iv) discovering novel genes such as transcription factors that regulate the expression of specific genes important during the in vitro stage,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20