measuring inequality of opportunities in latin america and the caribbean pdf

... —Evaluating Small and Medium Enterprise Support Programs in Latin America and support from the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Division of the Latin America and Caribbean Region of the ... sample of firms and in the sub-sample of innovative firms, and they rejected the hypothesis of subsidies crowding out private R&D spending. However, no significant increases in patenting were found. ... on the scheme’s implementation in the West and East Midlands of England, the South West of England and South Wales. The sample included 4,326 firms of which 2,840 firms re- ceived support (the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 21:20

... Ministerial Declaration Preventing through education 1 st Meeting of Ministers of Health and Education to Stop HIV and STIs in Latin America and the Caribbean Preventing through ... settings, we, the Ministers of Health and Education of Latin America and the Caribbean: 1.1 Affirm our commitment to the right to the highest possible level of health, education, non-discrimination ... implementation of the Program of Action of the International Conference on the Population and Development, of July 2, 1999 7 ; z The Declaration of the Tenth Ibero-American Summit of Heads of States, of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 21:20

... and other services in the poorer parts of the country (2). The role of the private sector Shifting the financing and/ or delivery of health services from the public to the private sector is another ... assist in the assessment of existing capacity for these functions and to help in strengthening such capacity when necessary (7). Continue building on the important role of NGOs. Changes in financing ... health in Latin America and the Caribbean: challenges and opportunities] Mexico, Inter American Development Bank, Population Council, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, 2000, (in Spainsh, in press). 3....

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 16:20

... (such as mothers and children). They are administered by the 20 Achieving Effective Social Protection for All in Latin America and the Caribbean insurance systems operating in parallel, often with ... this increases the effective marginal The State of Social Protection in Latin America and the Caribbean 33 insurance; (2) providing guidelines on ways to extend coverage by ration- alizing financing ... SI and the associated lack of financial sustainability for many programs and systems. ã Reinforcing the targeting and poverty reduction effects of income transfer programs, to strengthen their...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:21

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Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:20

... that the Chinese might not understand the “rules of the game” the way the United States does. That is one interpretation of both the crude Chinese nuclear threats over the Taiwan crisis and Chinese ... the Strategic Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP) in 1960. The SIOP was intended to bring some order to the targeting process and integrate the burgeoning nuclear forces of the different services into a single, ... threats in the future: ã Deterrence of nuclear attacks by threat of nuclear retaliation may continue to be the best option against the standard nuclear threats of the past. ã Other kinds of deterrent...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 11:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:22

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Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 14:15

... gestures,” diminish intricate details in the name of value engineering. The building and future occupants are stripped of vital design 82 Lighting in Engineering, Architecture and the Environment ... spaces in graphs, and theorizes them in terms of their potential to embody or transmit social ideas, and then turns them into measures and representations of spatial structure by linking them ... boosting our activity and bringing us relief in sickness and suffering. Scientist dealing with lighting technologies, architects and experts in other fields of science and art related to the use of...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:21

... (i) improving the financial position of the institution by increasing reserves and strengthening lending capacity; (ii) providing grants, increasing concessional lending, or building fiduciary ... in direct loans and investments, and US$300.60 million in cofinancing operations, AR2007 shows US$470.00 million approved in direct loans and investments, and US$273.00 million in cofinancing ... is the ratio between net outstanding loans and the sum of paid capital and retained earnings. Source: Annual financial statements of institutions. First, the IDB and SRDBs have expanded their...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 06:20

... improve the funding structure of the banking system, diminishing the exposure of banks and therefore the extent of contagion via interconnectedness. For these reasons, in junctures of excess ... effective in reducing the procyclicality of the financial system, but this depends on the type of shock facing the financial system. The study specifically finds RRs to be effective in reducing the ... borrowing. 2 A summary of the recent use of macroprudential measures in Latin America is reported in Table 1. Despite their increasing use, the effectiveness of macroprudential policies in leaning...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:21

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 12:20

... understanding of the evolution and nature of in- equality in Latin America, of its spatial and temporal trends, and of the impact of particularly pertinent policy instruments in tackling pov- erty and ... of the crucial underpinnings of persistent high levels of income inequality in Latin America. It can be explained by the colonial sys- tem and the emergence of plantations of coffee, cocoa, and ... in Latin America between 1870 and 1914) are adversely distributed to the landowners at the expense of the landless, the purchasing power of the landless remains limited. The more the growth of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 13:48

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 18:26

... importance in the political and social world as well as in the intellectual sphere. So, for liberal authors of the 18 th and the beginning of the 19 th centuries the freedom of opinion was of great ... of the press and the press itself, acompanied by the understanding of its vital necessity for the progress. The appearance of the “penny papers” in the United States and in a certain way also in ... dubious as there are no measurements of power purchase parity because of the low reliability of the statistics of the last remaining dictatorship in Latin America. In any case, according to official...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:20

... was interpolated by obtaining the 12-month ahead inflation projection of the corresponding year. For the period prior to the publication of an official inflation target the average yearly inflation ... Garcia-Escibano, and M. Vera Martin, 2012, “Credit Growth and the Effectiveness of Reserve Requirements and Other Macroprudential Instruments in Latin America, ” Working Paper No. 12/142 (Washington: International ... needs to be undertaken in understating the mechanics of MaPPs, including quantifying their impact on credit, the output gap, and thus NRIR, and investigating whether their effect is temporary...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 14:20

... view of measuring the evolution of the development gap of the involved countries before and after the inception of the WC model. The chapter is organised in ve sections in addition to this introduction. ... ratio and a drastic increase of the income elasticity of imports. Actually, in most Latin American countries the gross investment ratio declined vis- à-vis the investment coefcient of the golden ... America and the Caribbean in the World Economy, 2000–2001, Santiago: ECLAC. ECLAC (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) (2003) Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20