meaning c in c programming language

... Serial Controller 149 Chapter 10. Optimizing Your Code 151 10.1 Increasing Code Efficiency 151 10.2 Decreasing Code Size 154 10.3 Reducing Memory Usage 156 10.4 Limiting the Impact of C+ + 157 ... Programming Embedded Systems in C and C+ + - 44 - you should see is the C source code for main, with a cursor indicating that the embedded processor's instruction pointer is at the entry point ... development, a special object file that contains the compiled startup code must also be included within this list. (See Startup Code later in this chapter.) The GNU linker also has a scripting language...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:20

... processing power could lead to increased production costs. Conversely, we might imagine that the same increase in processing power would have the effect of decreasing the development costs-by reducing ... for use in a line of business calculators produced by the Japanese company Busicom. In 1969, Busicom asked Intel to design a set of custom integrated circuits-one for each of their new calculator ... creators. In fact, Kernighan and Ritchie included the following comment in the opening pages of their book The C Programming Language : C is a relatively "low level" language. This characterization...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... T0CMPB (PCB_BASE + 0x34) #define T0CON (PCB_BASE + 0x36) #define T1CNT (PCB_BASE + 0x38) #define T1CMPA (PCB_BASE + 0x3A) #define T1CMPB (PCB_BASE + 0x 3C) #define T1CON (PCB_BASE + 0x3E) #define ... 0x 0C) #define REQST (PCB_BASE + 0x0E) #define INSTS (PCB_BASE + 0x10) /* * Timer/Counters */ #define TCUCON (PCB_BASE + 0x12) #define T0CNT (PCB_BASE + 0x30) #define T0CMPA (PCB_BASE + 0x32) #define ... 0x52) #define P1CON (PCB_BASE + 0x54) #define P1LTCH (PCB_BASE + 0x56) #define P2DIR (PCB_BASE + 0x58) #define P2PIN (PCB_BASE + 0x5A) #define P2CON (PCB_BASE + 0x 5C) #define P2LTCH (PCB_BASE + 0x5E) Other...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... Cyclic Redundancy Codes A cyclic redundancy code (CRC) is a specific checksum algorithm that is designed to detect the most common data errors. The theory behind the CRC is quite mathematical ... off having some way to confirm that the device is working and that the data it contains is valid. That's where checksums and cyclic redundancy codes come in. 6.3.1 Checksums How can we tell ... to detect catastrophic memory failures without specifically looking for them. So let's discuss circuit board problems in more detail. 6.2.1.1 Electrical wiring problems An electrical wiring...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... access them from C or C+ +. Such registers are accessible only with the help of special machine -language instructions. And these processor-specific instructions are not supported by the C or C+ + ... remainder; } } /* crcInit() */ Finally, we arrive at the actual workhorse routine, crcCompute. This is a routine that you can call over and over from your application to compute and verify CRC checksums. ... checksums. An additional benefit of splitting the computation between crcInit and crcCompute is that the crcInit function need not be executed on the embedded system. Instead, this function can...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... virtue of the fact that it no longer exists! A third scheduling point is called the clock tick. The clock tick is a periodic event that is triggered by a timer interrupt. The clock tick provides ... Context Switch The actual process of changing from one task to another is called a context switch. Because contexts are processor- specific, so is the code that implements the context switch. That ... executed! } // Instead, the restored task continues to execute at this point. } The contextSwitch routine is actually invoked by the scheduler, which is in turn called from one of the operating system...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... constructor. This routine is responsible for initializing the three private data members and configuring the requested data channel within the SCC hardware: #include "scc.h" static SCC scc; /********************************************************************** ... the associated interrupt service routine. When an interrupt occurs, the processor must take several steps before executing the ISR. First, the processor must finish executing the current instruction. ... overwritten. Pieces of code that access shared resources contain critical sections. We've already seen something similar inside the operating system. There, we simply disabled interrupts during the critical...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... course, not everything introduced in C+ + is expensive. Many older C+ + compilers incorporate a technology called C- front that turns C+ + programs into C and feeds the result into a standard C compiler. ... engineering practice dictates against the use of this technique. But in a pinch, goto statements can be used to remove complicated control structures or to share a block of oft repeated code. In ... "circbuf.h" class SCC { public: SCC(); void reset(int channel); void init(int channel, unsigned long baudRate, CircBuf * pTxQueue, CircBuf * pRxQueue); void txStart(int channel); void rxStart(int...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... tools. < BACK CONTINUE > C CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer. Describes the architecture of a processor family. CISC processors generally feature variable-length instructions and multiple ... only via special instructions. For example, processors in the 80x86 family have special I/O space instructions called in and out. Contrast with memory space. < BACK CONTINUE > L linker A software ... device that is similar to a microprocessor, except that the internal CPU has been optimized for use in applications involving discrete-time signal processing. In addition to standard microprocessor...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... code efficiency. program counter See instruction pointer. R RAM Random-Access Memory. A broad classification of memory devices that includes all devices in which individual memory locations can ... others. CPU Info Center (http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/CIC/) Tons of information about new and old processors alike. Includes a section specifically about common embedded processors. CRC Pitstop ... designed specifically for use in real-time systems. race condition A situation in which the outcome of a program can be affected by the exact order in which the instructions are executed. Race conditions...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... processing but then freed again in the normal course of events. 32 Leaking Containers in C+ + In C+ +, standard containers that contain pointers do not delete the objects to which the pointers ... management functions, it’s important to keep them properly paired. 34 Dueling Containers in C+ + vector<Shape *> pic; pic.push_back( new Circle ); pic.push_back( new Triangle ); pic.push_back( new ... by an earlier call to malloc(), calloc(), or realloc(). 15 Initialization Error /* return y = Ax */ int *matvec(int **A, int *x, int n) { int *y = malloc(n * sizeof(int)); int i, j; for (i...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 11:20

... actuator saturation occurs, the system's response to increasing controller gains becomes nonlinear and could be unacceptable. It is usually preferable to avoid actuator saturation in control ... performance specifications. Performance specifications guide the design process and provide the means for determining when a controller design is satisfactory. Controller performance specifications can ... driver. In years past, mechanical or electrical hardware components performed most control functions in technological systems. When hardware solutions were insufficient, continuous human participation...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 14:09

... rsademo.cpp rsakey.cpp flintpp.cpp randompp.cpp flint .c aes .c ripemd .c sha256 .c entropy .c random .c -lstdc++ The C+ + header files following the ANSI standard are used when in compilation the macro FLINTPP_ANSI ... n_l; The declaration of function parameters of type CLINT can follow from the instruction CLINT n_l in the function header. 2 The definition of a pointer myptr_l to a CLINT object occurs via CLINTPTR ... by #define CLINTMAXSHORT CLINTMAXDIGIT + 1 and the maximal number of processable binary digits is defined by #define CLINTMAXBIT CLINTMAXDIGIT << 4 Since the constants CLINTMAXDIGIT and CLINTMAXBIT...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 15:02

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20