maximum strain energy theory haigh s theory

... express no such opinion An audit also includes: • Examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements; • Assessing the accounting principles used ... following sections discuss our opinion on the Commission s financial statements; our consideration of the Commission s internal control over financial reporting; our tests of the Commission s compliance ... wish to make our reports as responsive as possible to our customers' requirements, and, therefore, ask that you consider sharing your thoughts with us On the back of this form, you may suggest...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 21:20

... trends and unknowns 133 156 Energy needs: disparities, transitions, and constraints 158 Renewable energies: biomass, water, wind, solar 164 Innovations and inventions: impossible forecasts 171 ... closed systems under thermodynamic equilibrium The Earth s biosphere is an open system, which incessantly imports solar energy and uses its photosynthetic conversion to new plant mass as the foundation ... earth s heat: refashioning the planet 33 Photosynthesis: reactions and rates 38 Heterotrophs: metabolism and locomotion 44 Energy in ecosystems: networks and flows 49 three energy in human history:...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... need for specific prefixes to avoid writing out all those zeros or using constantly scientific notation (10n) is thus obvious and, given the smallness of basic units, energy studies uses not only ... level consumers (carnivores), consumers of dead and decaying biomass (saprovores, detritivores), and species that resort to all the above strategies (omnivores) Modern energy studies has uncovered ... (as the second law of thermodynamics dictates) a large share of the initial input ends up as unusable, dispersed heat In contrast, there is no shortage of processes, devices and machines whose...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... phytomass in the above-ground vegetation of temperate forests (root phytomass is always difficult to assess, and so most phytomass totals are limited to above-ground growth) is similar to that stored ... of existing structures, as their newly synthesized phytomass is used to replace ageing parts, rather than form new tissues The maximum theoretical net efficiency of photosynthesis (after subtracting ... particularly insects This last is accomplished by making the soft interior tissues inaccessible behind thick barks, waxy leaves or thorns Respiration may claim less than a fifth of all new photosynthate...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... generalizations: first, no energy loss in any ecosystems is ever as high as that associated with photosynthesis, and second, energy losses during the subsequent transfers to higher trophic levels are never ... enzymes, hormones, antibodies, cells, organs, and muscles, and to replace some of these compounds and structures as the organism ages All animal foods (and mushrooms) supply all the essential ... obvious favorites Their energy density ranges from 15 MJ/kg for grass seeds to just over 25 MJ/kg for pinon nuts, compared to less than MJ/kg for tubers and squashes, and less than MJ/kg for most...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... accessible phytomass Crop residues were used for fuel on all continents: cereal straw and the stalks of leguminous crops were usually the most abundant, but peasants also used cotton stalks, sugar ... fields, in grasslands, in areas too arid to support more than small bushes—towns had to import fuelwood and charcoal, often from considerable distances, and peasants and poor city dwellers used ... stoves with grates and pipes connected to chimneys to provide proper venting of combustion gases Lighting progressed slowly, from open fireplaces and resinous torches, to clay lamps fueled first...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... used bituminous coals have energy densities about fifty per cent higher than air-dried wood Consequently, energy stored as coal will occupy less space, require less frequent stoking of stoves ... Nimitz-class nuclear-powered aircraft carriers to tankers that transport liquefied natural gas Smaller stationary steam turbines also power industrial centrifugal pumps and compressors Coal s share ... output Assemblies used for offshore drilling include fixed (jack-up) rigs, submersible and semi-submersible platforms, and drilling ships (some working in waters more than two kilometers deep) Offshore...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... demands As soon as people move beyond subsistence living (when they eat just enough to carry out necessary tasks but their food supply has no significant surplus, so they can find themselves repeatedly ... rapidly sinks below the reach of light into the dark oceanic abyss, where no photosynthesis is possible Moreover, fleets of ships would have to criss-cross the ocean to distribute the micronutrients, ... metals from soils, and has both acute and chronic effects on the growth of coniferous forests; it also corrodes exposed steel structures, and damages stone (limestone above all), paints, and plastics...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... also used by small airplanes, and by tens of millions of boats, snowmobiles, lawnmowers, and other small motors, while most of the latter is consumed by trucks, trains and ships The best estimates ... main reason why modern households use electricity even when everything is turned off All remotecontrolled devices (televisions, video recorders, audio systems), as well as security systems, telephone ... a single ¯shu accidental fatality The TGV (its first line has been operating since 1981) also uses its synchronous motors for dynamic braking at high speeds but, unlike the shinkansen, it has...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... desulfurization and the disposal of the resulting sulfate sludge) may be closer to thirty-five per cent The energy costs of constructing the stations and the transmission network equate to less ... combustion of fossil fuels, may force us to accelerate the transition to non-fossil energies As already stressed in Chapter 1, the overall magnitude of renewable energy flows is not a constraint ... Biomass energies have been with us ever since we mastered the use of fire: wood, charcoal, crop residues, and dung are still used by hundreds of millions of peasants and poor urban residents in Asia,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... of solid state electronic devices (transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors) The transition to an energy system based predominantly on non-fossil resources is in only its earliest ... to this category, and hence any forecasts of future milestones or diffusion rates of these techniques are just guesses In contrast, there is no doubt that the combustion of fossil fuels—gradually ... in a small vehicle Adsorption on special solids with large surface areas, or absorption by metal hydrides seem to be the most promising options The safety of hydrogen distribution is no smaller...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... economics is Lamarckian, in that the environment can produce changes in businesses routines, which may in turn be passed on to successor businesses Thus, unlike the neoclassical theory, which has a ... just by its economic situation, but by the its institutions, its political system, its belief systems and its past history (North 1995) This works against one-size-fits-all prescriptions for economic ... is seldom the business that previously operated the stagecoaches (Schumpeter 1934) New businesses develop new ideas that displace the old ones The result is what Schumpeter calls “creative destruction.”...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 00:20

... all risky assets, a flight that itself causes assets previously thought of as safe to become classified as risky These are the formal possibilities of crisis The form mentioned first [SCPthrough-MMC] ... crisis, i.e., the crisis in its most generalized expression But it cannot be said that the abstract form of crisis is the cause of crisis If one asks what its cause is, one wants to know why its ... potential is not the same as crisis cause, and a crisis framework is not yet a theory of crisis To put content in the abstract forms of crisis, to make a crisis theory out of crisis potential, it is necessary...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 03:20

... directions given in Figure 1.4-4 Elementary ac Machines  43 bs-axis as¢ wr fr bs cs fs fd¢ qr as-axis fd cs¢ bs¢ as cs-axis fd-axis ibs Nfd rs + Ns vcs + vbs rs Ns Ns ics vas ias rfd rs ifd + ... as2 fd3 wrm as¢ fd2 fd¢ as2-axis qrm fd¢ fd¢ bs2 as1-axis bs1 fd¢4 fd1 fd4 as¢ as1 fd1-axis bs¢ bs2-axis d4 fd¢ f – d1 fd¢ f as¢ – as2 vas as¢ ias as1 + rs Ns bs¢ ifd vfd bs2 + rs bs¢ bs1 rs ... expressed as 38 Theory of Electromechanical Energy Conversion br1-axis bs1-axis bs¢ wrm as2 as¢ ar¢ br¢ ar1-axis ar2 qrm br1 as2-axis as1-axis bs1 bs2 ar1 br2 ar2-axis br¢ ar¢ as1 as¢ bs¢ bs2-axis...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 18:45

... also G7sus4 Asus2 and Asus4 > Am Dsus2 and Dsus4 > Dm also D7sus4 Esus4 > G7 (G7sus2 is rather uncommon) > Dm7 > Em (Esus2 contains an F#) I have included the G7sus4 and D7sus4 because these are ... major Some, but not all, possibilities for preparation are given Resolution – sustained tone s resolution is “lined” Csus2 and Csus4 Fsus2 >C > F (Fsus4 contains a Bb) Gsus2 and Gsus4 > G also G7sus4 ... Examples – sustained tone is tied and its resolution is “lined” C > Fsus2 > F – “retardation” (rule of thumb: sus2 chords will always use retardation if resolved) F > Gsus4 Dm >G > Asus4 Dm7 > G7sus4...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 13:20

... consciousness, it is necessary to examine the distinction as it exists in our ordinary consciousness [14] I e the consciousness for which the problems are those of science as opposed to philosophy ... consciousness we treat these qualities as real qualities of bodies We say that a bell is noisy; that sugar is sweet; that roses smell; that a mustard plaster is hot; that the sky is blue It must ... of physics It is no answer to this to urge that Kant afterwards points out that space as an object presupposes a synthesis which does not belong to sense No doubt this admission implies that...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 04:20

... Table Press, 1983), p 96 Both essays are reprinted in Audre Lorde, SisterOutsider: Essaysand Speeches (Trumansburg, N.Y.: The Crossing Press, 1984) Teresa Lauretis 159 de women 's cinema has been ... Others: Feminists and Postmodernism," in TheAnti-Aesthetic: ed Culture, Hal Foster (Port Townsend, Wash.: Essaysin Postmodern Bay Press, 1983) pp 57-82 See also Andreas Huyssen, "Mapping the Postmodern," ... The Feminist Press, 1982) and 166 Aesthetic Feminist Theory "The relationship between history and so-called subjective processes," says Helen Fehervary in a recent discussion of women 's film in...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 18:20

... humanities and a nonexistent or frivolous one without, it has indeed acquired a professional prestige that is as strong as ever This is the paradox of its success, and failure Reread this passage slowly ... what s going on The first sentence tells us that theory s value is heading south, and the anthologies mask this fact; the second tells us that the masking itself gives us the right impression, ... whom has his classroom as his castle and various outlets for the publication of his views If those views not prevail, there is little reason to produce conspiracy fantasies and even less reason...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:28