maximum likelihood decoding algorithm

... simulation results for the following equaliza- tion algorithms. (i) Maximum Likelihood equalization using perfect channel knowledge. (ii) Maximum likelihood equalization with channel esti- mation ... g i,Q−1 ] T . 3. The Baum-Welch Algorithm for Equalization of Doubly Selective Channels In this section, we present our new algorithm for semi- blind maximum- likelihood joint channel estimation ... decisions, several MAP-based algorithms combined with recursive, RLS-based, channel estimation were proposed [19–22]. The combination of MAP decoding and maximum likelihood channel estimation...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:22

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:22

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:20

... pdf at all. 9.2 ALGORITHMS FOR MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION To perform maximum likelihood estimation in practice, we need an algorithm to perform the numerical maximization of likelihood. In ... 9 ICA by Maximum Likelihood Estimation A very popular approach for estimating the independent component analysis (ICA) model is maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. Maximum likelihood estimation ... is actually equal to the likelihood. This means that infomax is equivalent to maximum likelihood estimation. 9.4 EXAMPLES Here we show the results of applying maximum likelihood estimation to...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 07:19

... 2. 3.3 Fast decoding algorithm As introduced in the previous subsection, in the whole decoding process we have to perform n-best CRF decoding in the segmentation step and 10 n- best CRF decoding ... measurements. Our experiments also show that the decoding time can be reduced significantly via using our fast decoding algorithm. As we have explained, with- out fast decoding, we need 11 CRF n-best decod- ing ... candidates with low probabilities. Here we propose a no-loss fast decoding algorithm for deciding when to stop performing the second CRF decoding. Suppose we have a list of segmentation candi- dates...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... efficient decoding algorithm, a statistical machine translation system may miss the best translation of an input sentence even if it is perfectly predicted by the model. 2 Stack Decoding Algorithm ... USA {yyw, waibel}@cs, cmu. edu Abstract Decoding algorithm is a crucial part in sta- tistical machine translation. We describe a stack decoding algorithm in this paper. We present the hypothesis ... cle, so far there have no publications devoted to the decoding issue for statistical machine translation. On the other side, decoding algorithm is a crucial part in statistical machine translation....

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:21

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 13:16

... stitching algorithm for time decoding machines. IEEE Trans on Circuits Syst I. 55, 2619–2630 (2008) 4. AA Lazar, EK Simonyi, LT Tóth, A Toeplitz formulation of a real-time algorithm for time decoding ... to nonuniform sampling that requires computationally complex decoding algorithms to recover the input signals. In the encoding and decoding process, many non- idealities in circuits and the computing ... of the bases used previously in the existing decoding algorithms is proposed. A detailed study of the non-idealities encountered in the encoding and decoding process is carried out and reported...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... Processing, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA, 1993. [12] T. T. Pham and R. J. P. DeFigueiredo, Maximum likelihood estimation of a class of non-Gaussian densities with appli- cation to Lp deconvolution,” ... Processing, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 73–82, 1989. [13] B. T. Sieskul and S. Jitapunkul, “An asymptotic maximum likelihood for estimating the nominal angle of a spatially distributed source,” International ... logarithmic likelihood func tion with respect to σ 2 r : ∂ log  L  y 1:N ; Θ, σ r , p r  ∂σ r = 0. (11) With the help of the conditional probability theorem, by (10), the logarithmic likelihood...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 16:20

... space, we propose the following two novel algorithms to reduce the complexity. 4.1. Stepwise-concentrated maximum likelihood algorithm (SC-ML) The first proposed algorithm is based on the technique ... dif- ferent algorithms have been proposed. The first algorithm is based on an iterative procedure which stepwise concentrates the log -likelihood function, while the second is a noniter- ative algorithm ... solved. Many numerical algorithms designed for solv- ing (11) in the literature can be easily modified to carry out step 1. 4.2. Approximately concentrated maximum likelihood algorithm (AC-ML) In...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 06:20

... either the frequency or time domain. The Rife and Boorstyn (R&B) algorithm [10] belongs to the former class and provides maximum like- lihood (ML) estimates of frequency and phase errors by ... determines the location ν M of the maximum over this set. The second step (fine search) makes an inter- polation between the samples P( ν n ) and computes the local maximum nearest to ν M . It should ... sin(πε)  . (22) In the sequel the algorithm based on (20)–(22) is called the ML estimator (MLE). 3.2. Remarks (1) Contrarily to what one might fear, the maximization of the likelihood function Λ( ν,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... iterative algorithm remains the same as before. 6. EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF THE ITERATIVE DECODING ALGORITHM In this section, we present the results of applying the itera- tive decoding algorithm ... simpler models and updating their posterior probabilities. 4. ITERATIVE DECODING ALGORITHM This is a direct application of the turbo decoding algorithm [18]. In this section, it is assumed that the hidden ... a few specific visemes and vice versa. 5.1. Iterative decoding algorithm in the general case This is an extension of the iterative decoding algorithm as presented in the turbo coding scenario....

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... space, we propose the following two novel algorithms to reduce the complexity. 4.1. Stepwise-concentrated maximum likelihood algorithm (SC-ML) The first proposed algorithm is based on the technique ... dif- ferent algorithms have been proposed. The first algorithm is based on an iterative procedure which stepwise concentrates the log -likelihood function, while the second is a noniter- ative algorithm ... solved. Many numerical algorithms designed for solv- ing (11) in the literature can be easily modified to carry out step 1. 4.2. Approximately concentrated maximum likelihood algorithm (AC-ML) In...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... un- derlying signals. Now we apply f y (y) in a maximum likelihood frame- work to estimate the parameters of the underlying signals. The main objective of the maximum likelihood estimator is to find the kth ... multipitch detection, and maximum likelihood estimation in which we formulate the proposed approach. In particular, we follow the procedure for obtaining the maximum likelihood estima- tor by ... estimate of the un- derlying signals’ vocal-tract-related filters using the obtained PDF in a maximum likelihood framework. In Table 2,nota- tions and definitions which are frequently used in this...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... Two-Stage Maximum Likelihood Estimation for MT-CDMA 59 functions; the superscripts −1 and 0 on the data symbols ... G n (G-terms with sub- scripts n), and current data bit I q1,n , is Gaussian with the Two-Stage Maximum Likelihood Estimation for MT-CDMA 57 Serial data stream Data encoder Serial-to- parallel data converter exp( ... S 2 /2σ 2 r ,rep- resents the ratio of the power associated with the direct path Two-Stage Maximum Likelihood Estimation for MT-CDMA 63 128/8 256/16 Coherent system TSMLE-based system 0 5 10...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... reception, optimum maximum likelihood (ML) decoding can be carried out by considering the hypertrellis associated with the concatenation of the two component codes. Obviously, such a decoding approach ... a suboptimal, but very powerful, decoding scheme termed it- erative maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding [3, 4]. Basi- cally, the method relies on independently decoding each of the component codes ... estimation from the EM algorithm (not from the Turbo structure itself). No- tice that one iteration of the EM algorithm (19)isperformed only after one complete equalization and decoding step. Any- way,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... next section, which will be shown to compare favorably to the in- direct method of [15]. 3. APPROXIMATE MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATE 3.1. Derivation Consider first the problem of estimating v 0 without knowl- edge ... pp. 67–94, 1996. [10] J. W. Betz, “Comparison of the deskewed short-time cor- relator and the maximum likelihood correlator,” IEEE Trans. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. ... Trans. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 29, no. 3, 1981. [13] J. A. Stuller, Maximum- likelihood estimation of time- varying delay—part I,” IEEE Trans. Acoustics, Speech, and Sig- nal...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20