materials of the solid earth chapter 2

... All of these are now grouped together as the Earth sciences, also called geoscience or the geosciences The Earth sciences concern one part of the natural environment, so they form part of the ... This chapter explores the fi rst of the difficulties mapmakers had to overcome Before they could draw their maps they had to determine the shape and size of the Earth There are many places the story ... out of the port of Palos, on the coast of the Gulf of Cádiz in southern Spain, not far from the modern city of Huelva The party reached the Canary Islands on August  and departed from there...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 04:21

... Joint-controlled weathering in igneous rocks Unloading and exfoliation of igneous rocks Weathering Two kinds of weathering Chemical weathering • Alters the internal structures of minerals by removing ... process sedimentary rocks form? Weathering Two kinds of weathering Mechanical weathering • Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces • Processes of mechanical weathering • Frost wedging (freezing ... by the rate and depth of cooling of magma/lava • Slow rate forms large crystals • Fast rate forms microscopic crystals • Very fast rate forms glass Feedback: The slower the rate of cooling, the...

Ngày tải lên: 30/11/2016, 16:37

... part of the volcano lies nearly 20 0 miles southeast of the Pinnacles, near the city of Lancaster, California! This part of the Neenah Volcano lies on the east side of the San Andreas Fault The ... pressure of the outer core keeps the inner core solid The plate tectonics theory holds that Earth s crust is made up of many large plates These plates are made of rock and float on the surface of the ... liquid At the center of Earth is the core The core is made mostly of iron and has two parts The outer core is molten iron The inner core is solid and very hot—as hot as the surface of the sun The pressure...

Ngày tải lên: 11/02/2017, 05:34

... into each other; Effect: An earthquake is triggered Possible response: The parts of the large landmass moved on the Earth s surface until there were seven continents Possible response: They are ... on the Internet or at the library Suggest they find out about significant earthquakes such as the underwater quake that was responsible for the tsunami in the Indian Ocean or the eruption of ... and effects they learned about in this selection They can use the notes they jotted down as they read the book Encourage them to use clue words such as since, thus, as a result, therefore, and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/02/2017, 06:12

... of these elements increases, but it still 19 Volatiles under High Pressure 1.10 27 .5 25 .0 1.05 26 (18−35) 18 (13 24 ) 22 .5 21 (17 27 ) 10 (7−13) 12 (8−18) 1.00 26 (21 − 32) P (kbar) 20 .0 16( 12 21 ) 25 ... degrees of carbonatite melt will be present throughout wide parts of the upper mantle (Dasgupta & Hirschmann, 120 0 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2. 0 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 2. 7 2. 8 2. 9 3.0 3.1 3 .2 3.3 3.4 ... reference 21 6 22 4 23 2 24 0 24 8 25 6 26 4 21 0 23 0 25 0 27 0 29 0 TZ thickness (km) TZ thickness (km) (a) (b) Plate 10 (Fig 10.7) Transition zone topography maps using (a) SS precursors (Deuss, 20 09) Reproduced...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2018, 15:27

... = 0 .23 µm/s) 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0 .2 0.1 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 Year Year Fig 4.4 GPS phase (left) and KBRR (right) RL04 and RL05 residuals for the ... – +2. 88 +0.68 +0.66 −0.46 +0 .26 +0.17 +0. 02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50 .20 /0.3 72 50.10/0.3 72 53.00/0.416 50 .21 /0.374 50.11/0.369 50.18/0.3 72 57.81/0.559 50.19/0.3 72 50 .24 /0.3 72 50 .20 /0.3 72 50 .20 /0.3 72 ... last phase using the data of CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE, it also marks the end of the topic Observation of the Earth from Space within the GEOTECHNOLOGIEN programme A new chapter of Earth monitoring...

Ngày tải lên: 14/05/2018, 12:37

... intersect each other in the middle ofthe ancient quarter of Hamburg, and which the great fire of 18 42 hadfortunately spared [1] Sixty-three (Tr.) [2] As Sir Humphry Davy died in 1 829 , the translator ... expenses To all these titles to honour let me add that my uncle was thecurator of the museum of mineralogy formed by M Struve, the Russianambassador; a most valuable collection, the fame of which is ... delivery; this is a want much to be deploredin a speaker The fact is, that during the course of his lectures atthe Johannæum, the Professor often came to a complete standstill; hefought with wilful...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 14:20

... say so Then the Professor took the book and the parchment, and diligentlycompared them together "These two writings are not by the same hand," he said; "the cipheris of later date than the book, ... imprudent, for the greatmind of so learned a man of course had no place for love affairs, andhappily the grand business of the document gained me the victory Just as the moment of the supreme experiment ... happened that the picture of my prettyVirlandaise threw me in a moment out of the world of realities intothat of memory and fancy There looked down upon me the faithful companion of my labours and myrecreations...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 14:20

... of the Latin words "craterem,""terrestre," and others A sudden light burst in upon me; these hints alone gave me the firstglimpse of the truth; I had discovered the key to the cipher To readthe ... thought, "these words seem to justify my uncle's viewabout the language of the document In the fourth line appeared theword "luco", which means a sacred wood It is true that in the thirdline was the ... apainting on it of an idle-looking naiad; then I amused myselfwatching the process of the conversion of the tobacco into carbon,which was by slow degrees making my naiad into a negress Now andthen I listened...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 14:20

... "Descend, bold traveller, into the crater of the jokul of Sneffels,which the shadow of Scartaris touches before the kalends of July, andyou will attain the centre of the earth; which I have done, ... key!" "What key? The door key?" "No, no!" I cried "The key of the document." The Professor stared at me over his spectacles; no doubt he sawsomething unusual in the expression of my countenance; ... on venturing on the expedition that, after all, he mighthimself discover the key of the cipher, and that then I should beclear at the mere expense of my involuntary abstinence These reasons seemed...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 14:20

... and the radius of the earth being fifteen hundredleagues, there must be a temperature of 360,0 32 degrees at the centreof the earth Therefore, all the substances that compose the body ofthis earth ... penetrated into the fissuresof the crust of the earth, they broke out into fresh combustion withexplosions and eruptions Such was the cause of the numerousvolcanoes at the origin of the earth. " "Upon ... "All the theories of science demonstrate such a feat to beimpracticable." "The theories say that, they?" replied the Professor in the toneof a meek disciple "Oh! unpleasant theories! How the theories...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 14:20

... fromCopenhagen to Rejkiavik, on the 22 nd." "Well?" "Well, if we waited for the 22 nd June we should be too late to seethe shadow of Scartaris touch the crater of Sneffels Therefore wemust get to Copenhagen ... proposal Thewhole thing is nonexistent I have had a bad night, I have beendreaming of horrors." But I had followed the banks of the Elbe and passed the town Afterpassing the port too, I had reached the ... way Theemotions of that day were breaking my heart After all, I thought, the kalends of July are a long way off, andbetween this and then many things may take place which will cure myuncle of...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 14:20

... harbour where the two-deckers and thefrigate slept peaceably by the red roofing of the warehouse, by thegreen banks of the strait, through the deep shades of the treesamongst which the fort is ... over theother, in the only saloon cabin on board At a quarter past the moorings were loosed and the throbbing steamerpursued her way over the dark waters of the Great Belt The night was dark; there ... was in the same language that that personage directed him to theMuseum of Northern Antiquities The curator of this curious establishment, in which wonders aregathered together out of which the ancient...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 14:20

... rocks, signs of volcanic action TheIcelandic buts are made of earth and turf, and the walls slopeinward; they rather resemble roofs placed on the ground But thenthese roofs are meadows of comparative ... for the time the only occupant Usually the Englishand French conservators of fisheries moor in this bay, but just thenthey were cruising about the western coasts of the island The longest of the ... out of the volcanoesby their own labour and at their own expense; in high westerly windsit was manifest that the red tiles of the roof would be scattered inthe air, to the great danger of the...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 14:20

... rather late; or have notothers been here before me?" "Yes, Herr Liedenbrock; the labours of MM Olafsen and Povelsen,pursued by order of the king, the researches of Troïl the scientificmission of ... outunder the eyes of many readers Therefore, these volumes are passedfrom one to another, read over and over, referred to again and again;and it often happens that they find their way back to their ... serviceable, but the duties of your profession -" I am glad to think that our host, in the innocence of his Icelandicsoul, was blind to the transparent artifices of my uncle "I very much approve of your...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 14:20

... contrast with my uncle's Nevertheless, they soon came to understand each other Neither lookedat the amount of the payment: the one was ready to accept whateverwas offered; the other was ready to give ... readily concluded The result of the treaty was, that Hans engaged on his part toconduct us to the village of Stapi, on the south shore of the Snæfellpeninsula, at the very foot of the volcano By ... bare themale takes his turn to pluck himself But as the coarse and hardplumage of the male has no commercial value, the hunter does not takethe trouble to rob the nest of this; the female therefore...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 14:20

... with his foot, while the horses went on to the boat I perfectly understood the necessity of abiding a particular momentof the tide to undertake the crossing of the fiord, when, the seahaving reached ... through the grey clouds, and reappeared above the movingmists, like breakers emerging in the heavens Often these chains of barren rocks made a dip towards the sea, andencroached upon the scanty ... almsfor the relief of the poor inmates In this country there were noroads and paths, and the poor vegetation, however slow, would soonefface the rare travellers' footsteps Yet this part of the province,...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 14:20

... again The soil told of the neighbourhood of the mountain, whose granitefoundations rose from the earth like the knotted roots of some hugeoak We were rounding the immense base of the volcano The ... to content themselves with thescanty moss they could pull off the rocks and a few meagre sea weeds,and the next day they would not fail to come of themselves and resumethe labours of the previous ... hadturned the great bay of Faxa, and the twin peaks of Snæfell rosewhite into the cloudy sky at the distance of at least five miles The horses did their duty well, no difficulties stopped them in theirsteady...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 14:20

... explore the interior of the volcano to its farthestlimits Hans merely nodded There or elsewhere, down in the bowels of theearth, or anywhere on the surface, all was alike to him For my ownpart the ... this clearly," added the Professor "At the approach ofan eruption these jets would redouble their activity, but disappearaltogether during the period of the eruption For the elastic fluids,being ... pressure, go off by way of the crater insteadof escaping by their usual passages through the fissures in the soil.Therefore, if these vapours remain in their usual condition, if theydisplay no...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 14:20

... the volcano, the power of whichgrew by the extinction of the lesser craters, supplied an egress tolava, ashes, and scoriae, of which I could see lengthened screesstreaming down the sides of the ... kind of bedon which rested the cone proper of the crater Three thousand two hundred feet below us stretched the sea We hadpassed the limit of perpetual snow, which, on account of the moistureof the ... But with the help of this outflow the thickness of the crust of theisland increased materially, and therefore also its powers ofresistance It may easily be conceived what vast quantities ofelastic...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 14:20