materials for proton exhange membrane fuel cells

... (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Ti3C2 MXene as an excellent anode material for high performance microbial fuel cells ... analysis After 500 h steady and repeatable voltage output, anodes were cut into pieces and taken for DNA extraction DNA extraction was conducted using Power Soil DNA Isolation Kit (MoBio Laboratories, ... (NanoDrop 2000c, Thermo, USA) High-throughput microbial community analysis was conducted on MiSeq platforms Raw sequence data to NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) was uploaded with accession number PRJNA428311

Ngày tải lên: 11/03/2024, 19:24

... material for high performance proton conducting solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCS) Electrochem Commun 2016;72:19–22 [51] Ramaiyan K, Kalpana S, Sukhdeep G, Tobias F, Venkatraman T Chemically stable proton ... requires materials with desirable properties such as high protonic or mixed ionic electronic conductivity, mechanical strength, and thermal compatibility Nevertheless, materials for proton conducting ... angle In such a deformed lattice, equilibrium sites for protons located near oxygen ions are separated by higher energy barriers than for isotropic, ideal cubic symmetry As a result, protons become

Ngày tải lên: 13/01/2020, 08:08

... LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Fuel cell systems 1.1.1 Overview of fuel cell technologies 1.1.2 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell 1.1.3 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell ... AND CHARACTERIZATION OF M-DOPED TIO2 (M=W, Ir) MATERIALS AS SUPPORTS FOR PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES TO IMPROVE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY AND DURABILITY IN FUEL CELLS Major subject: Chemical Engineering Major ... serious reliance on fossil fuel In fuel cell technology, electrocatalysts play an important role at anode electrode and cathode electrode which directly impact the fuel cell performance Nowadays, carbon-supported

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2021, 21:41

... LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Fuel cell systems 1.1.1 Overview of fuel cell technologies 1.1.2 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell 1.1.3 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell ... AND CHARACTERIZATION OF M-DOPED TIO2 (M=W, Ir) MATERIALS AS SUPPORTS FOR PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES TO IMPROVE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY AND DURABILITY IN FUEL CELLS Major subject: Chemical Engineering Major ... serious reliance on fossil fuel In fuel cell technology, electrocatalysts play an important role at anode electrode and cathode electrode which directly impact the fuel cell performance Nowadays, carbon-supported

Ngày tải lên: 16/06/2021, 22:07

... LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Fuel cell systems 1.1.1 Overview of fuel cell technologies 1.1.2 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell 1.1.3 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell ... AND CHARACTERIZATION OF M-DOPED TIO2 (M=W, Ir) MATERIALS AS SUPPORTS FOR PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES TO IMPROVE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY AND DURABILITY IN FUEL CELLS Major subject: Chemical Engineering Major ... serious reliance on fossil fuel In fuel cell technology, electrocatalysts play an important role at anode electrode and cathode electrode which directly impact the fuel cell performance Nowadays, carbon-supported

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2021, 10:02

... ability to form film One of the potential applications for this novel membrane would be shift (WGS) membrane reactor for fuel cell hydrogen purification Typically, H2 is produced by the reforming ... selectivity of PVA membrane and hybrid PVA membrane? ??……110 5.2 CO2/N2 selectivity of PVA membrane and hybrid PVA membrane? ??……111 5.3 CO2 permeability of PVA membrane and hybrid PVA membrane. ………112 ... temperature on required membrane area for autothermal reforming syngas……… 156 6.10 Feed-side temperature profiles along the length of membrane reactor for autothermal reforming syngas with different

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2024, 01:50

... produce energy in the form of electricity and heat as long as fuel is supplied. To learn about the different types of fuel cells, visit www.fuelcells.org Fuel cells are being tested ... market opportunity for fuel cells for backup power for state and local emergency response agencies. The report found that fuel cells offer lower lifecycle costs than batteries for applications ... 2015 as their fuel cell vehicle commercialization date. Fuel Cells at Work Fuel cells are available for purchase today (see the U.S. Fuel Cell Council‘s Commercially Available Fuel Cell Product

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 19:20

... common fuel cells types are PEMFC, DMFC, alkaline fuel cell (AFC), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Accordingly, fuel cells ... Nano-Structured Catalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Long et al Therefore, bi-functional mechanism (or various possible Pt/C was used for fuel cell and catalysis ... reducing CO topics for nano-catalysis and various fuel cells Thus, the Platinum and Palladium Nano-Structured Catalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Long et al

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2017, 14:13

... in testing and measurements Low-temperature fuel cells Fuel cells Proton- exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) In principle, a PEMFC with a polymer membrane electrolyte and a pure Pt catalyst has ... Low-temperature fuel cells 638 Fuel cells 638 Proton- exchange membrane fuel cell ... Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells 109 (2005) 22909–22912 [271] E Antolini, Platinum-based ternary catalysts for low temperature fuel cells Part I Preparation methods

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2017, 17:00

... TEM XRD alkaline fuel cell atomic layer deposition direct alcohol fuel cells direct carbon fuel cell direct ethanol fuel cell direct ethanol solid oxide fuel cells direct methanol fuel cell direct ... oxide fuel cell molten carbonate fuel cell open-circuit voltage phosphoric acid fuel cell proton exchange membrane fuel cell samarium-doped ceria scanning electron microscopy solid oxide fuel ... fuel cells using hydrogen as a fuel, which generally utilize proton transport electrolyte membranes, seem to be also of utility for large power applications However, the final choice of the fuel

Ngày tải lên: 04/01/2018, 23:02

... exploited as an effective fuel in a direct urea fuel cell (DUFC) The corresponding theoretical cell potential is relatively high compared to that of some direct alcohol fuel cells according to the ... 175 mV (vs Ag/AgCl) at 55 °C, making this proposed composite an adequate anode material for direct urea fuel cells Optimization of the co-catalyst content to maximize the generated current density ... nanoparticle-incorporated carbon nanofibers as efficient electrocatalysts for urea oxidation and working anodes in direct urea fuel cells Nasser A.M Barakat a,⇑, Mohamed T Amen b, Fahad S Al-Mubaddel

Ngày tải lên: 13/01/2020, 03:37

... Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC), Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC), 1.2 Types of Fuel Cells Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC), Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC), Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) The characteristics of fuel ... now 1.2 Types of Fuel Cells There are six types of fuel cells that are currently in commercial use, di¤erentiated according to the type of electrolyte: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), ... relates proton conductivity as a function of water content m (S/m) = (0:5193 0:326) exp 1268 303:15 T : (2.15) 22 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell 2.5 Cell performance Fuel cell performance...

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2015, 06:29

... (PEMFCs) Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells are also known as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells or polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) Unlike other types of fuel cells, a typical PEMFC ... Suitable for all sizes of power stations, kW to multi-MW Table 1.1 Main types of fuel cells and their characteristics and applications   1.3 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) Proton ... cell performance 24   degradation due to support oxidation and Pt catalyst loss [34] Therefore, many research efforts have been devoted to exploring for new catalyst support materials for PEMFC...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:02

... the membranes were cation-exchanged to H+ form by boiling them in a 0.5M H2SO4 solution for hour and finally they were rinsed in boiling DI water for hour After this purification process, the membranes ... parameters such as growth temperature, catalytic materials, gas flow rates and so forth 40 Currently a number of forms of CVD techniques are in wide use for CNT growth differing in their activation ... cycling ADT test, the electrode was held at 0.6 V for 40 s and at 1.8 V for 20 s for a total of 100 oxidation cycles In situ CV curves were measured before ADT and after every 10 oxidation cycles...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:03

... Co(NO3)2 for h During the CNT growth, the carbon paper was heated at 600 °C for at 350 sccm Ar and 1.5 sccm H2 flow to obtain Co−Ni nanoparticles Then the temperature was increased to 800 °C for for ... maintained at these conditions for 30 and then subjected to CNT growth under a C2H2 flow of 7.5 sccm at 700 °C for h This growth process was rather time-consuming for its long heating conditioning ... temperature of 800 °C, thermal pyrolysis of C2H4 would take place to form amorphous carbon before it dissolves into Fe catalysts to form CNTs, thus it can be observed in Fig 3.2 (c) that even fewer...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:03

... interface between the anode catalyst layer and the membrane The pathway for proton diffusion is thus very short from the reaction site to the membrane [38] In addition, the hydrogen oxidation ... hydrated Nafion membrane [42] and 2.1 Hz for the characteristic frequency of the diffusion impedance, the corresponding diffusion length for water transport was calculated as 11.7 µm for all the ... should be noted that water transport in membrane is associated with proton transport process due to the characteristic mechanism for Nafion conducting protons [43] According to previous studies...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:03

... 0.6 and 1.8 V for a total of 100 oxidation cycles For each cycle, the electrode was held at 0.6 V for 40 s and at 1.8 V for 20 s, corresponding to a total oxidation time of 100 for the ADT test ... DHE for h, instead of a dynamic potential cycling as in the CV cycling oxidation process In this ADT test, the CV characterization for electrode electrochemical surface area was performed before ... PEMFC conditions The longterm stability information of Pt/CNT-based electrocatalysts from a fuel cell under real operating conditions would be very useful for the full evaluation of these electrocatalysts...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:03

... general for fuel cells other than those used in [5] Khazaee [6] investigated numerically the effect of using different obstacles on the performances, current density and gas concentration for different ... distribution on the performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack Their stack model consists of the flow network solver for pressure and mass flow distributions for the reactant gas ... cooling water, and the heat transfer solver for temperature distribution among the cells in the stack, as well as the fuel cell model for individual cell performance They found that the effect of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:32

... area fraction for front emitter cells (left) and for rear emitter cells (right) Four solar cell structures are compared: hybrid(a-Si) cells, hybrid(µc-Si) cells, conventional diffused cells, and ... for diffused and hybrid cells as well as for full-area heterojunction cells Assuming a wafer thickness of 150 μm, the photogeneration current density is 40.9 mA cm-2 for diffused and hybrid cells, ... from monocrystalline/multicrystalline solar cells, thin-film solar cells, organic solar cells, tandem cells, concentrator cells and varying choice of materials such as silicon, gallium arsenide...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:15

... Introduction 1.1 Fuel Cell Overview 1.2 Fuel Cell Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry 1.2.1 Theoretical Limit 1.2.2 Fuel Cell Performance 1.3 Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell 1.3.1 Components ... published experimental data for both forced and free convection PEMFC For forced convection fuel cells, a flow structure which delivers the reactant transversely to the membrane electrode assembly ... classification for fuel cells, each based on different criteria: type of fuel used, operating temperature, type of electrolytes etc Table 1.3 shows the distinct characteristics for the six types of fuel cells...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:36