marketing planning phase two the situation review part 2

... for their high quality contributions and in particular to the reviewers for reviewing the chapters X Preface ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praise be to Almighty Allah, the Creator and the Sustainer of the ... In time, successions the phases the object suffers while irradiate by the power laser beam are the following: phase 1, for ≤ t < t top ; - phase 2, for t top ≤ t < t vap ; phase 3, for t ≥ t vap ... to the cylindrical symmetry, ) ∂2T = , so (2) changes to: ∂ 2 (11) Modeling the Physical Phenomena Involved by Laser Beam – Substance Interaction ∂ T ∂ T ∂2T ∂2T = + + K ∂ t r ∂ r ∂ r ∂ z2 ( 12) ...

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... 120 .3 120 .3 120 .3 71.6 53.1 35 .2 21.4 10.3 1.0 20 120 .3 120 .3 120 .3 71.6 47.4 29 .6 17.4 8.4 1.0 21 120 .3 120 .3 71.6 61 .2 37.5 23 .2 13.5 6.5 1.0 22 120 .3 120 .3 71.6 45.0 25 .8 14.7 8.0 3.9 1.0 23 ... 120 .3 120 .3 120 .3 71.6 71.7 44.8 21 .3 1.0 120 .3 120 .3 120 .3 120 .3 71.6 71.6 44.7 21 .3 1.0 120 .3 120 .3 120 .3 120 .3 71.6 71.6 44.3 21 .1 1.0 120 .3 120 .3 120 .3 120 .3 71.6 68.4 42. 1 20 .1 1.0 120 .3 120 .3 ... 15 120 .3 120 .3 120 .3 120 .3 71.6 50.3 31.0 14.9 1.0 16 120 .3 120 .3 120 .3 94.9 64.4 47 .2 29.5 14 .2 1.0 17 120 .3 120 .3 120 .3 71.6 64.0 42. 5 26 .0 12. 5 1.0 18 120 .3 120 .3 120 .3 71.6 57.3 38.3 23 .5...

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... 0.18 99.3 2. 26 67.1 72. 9 0 .23 38.8 12 25.1 75.1 0.18 99 .2 2 .24 71.1 72. 5 0 .24 38.1 13 24 .9 75 .2 0.16 100.5 2. 22 64.5 72. 1 0.19 33.6 14 24 .9 75.4 0.16 1 02. 9 2. 23 61.0 72. 2 0.19 33.9 15 25 .1 75.4 ... 0.18 103.4 2. 49 74.8 77.3 0 .27 41.4 20 25 .1 84.8 0.14 106.9 2. 65 78.0 80 .2 0 .24 35.6 21 24 .9 85.0 0. 12 108 .2 2.63 73.9 79.8 0 .20 31.8 22 34.9 84.3 0.16 107.4 2. 62 77.8 79.8 0 .22 32. 9 23 35.0 85.5 ... 34.1 25 .1 65.1 0 .24 89.0 1.88 57.0 64.7 0 .23 40.4 24 .9 70.7 0.16 97.1 2. 09 59.1 69.4 0.17 30.5 25 .0 73.7 0.16 97.3 2. 23 64.4 72. 2 0.19 32. 4 10 25 .0 74.0 0.16 98.0 2. 22 63.7 72. 1 0.19 32. 7 11 25 .1...

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... contour at VΘ / (2 R T0 )1 /2 = 0 .26 and VΘ / (2 R T0 )1 /2 = 0. 52 Fig shows the flow field of single vortex flow at VΘ / (2 R T0 )1 /2 = 0.81 and VΘ / (2 R T0 )1 /2 = -0 .23 7 Fig Definition of the problem ... / (2 R T0 )1 /2 = 0.81 VΘ / (2 R T0 )1 /2 =-0 .23 7 Fig Flow filed of double-vortex Flow VΘ / (2 R T0 )1 /2 = 0.81 VΘ / (2 R T0 )1 /2 =-0 .27 Figure shows the flow field of double-vortex flow at VΘ / (2 ... 1999a, 1999b, 20 00; Avenas et al., 20 01, Cao and Gao, 20 02, Lin et al., 20 02; Chien et al., 20 03; Moon et al., 20 03, 20 04; Soo Yong and Joon Hong, 20 03; Lin et al., 20 04; Romestant et al., 20 04; Zhang...

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... carbon) 1000- 125 0 2. 422 0.33 2. 5 146.4 0.090 (low carbon) > 125 0 6 .24 0 0 .21 1.6 123 .4 0.185 (medium carbon) < 1000 141.1 0.36 3.1 21 1.3 0.185 (medium carbon) 1000- 125 0 1. 825 0.37 2. 5 144.3 0.185 ... Meeting Conference Record of the 20 04 IEEE, pp 22 96 -23 02, Vol.4, October 3-7, 20 04 120 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Xiaowu, W., Yong, T & Ping, C (20 09) Investigation into ...  (20 ) (21 ) 1 12 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling The liquid-wall and the vapor-wall shear stresses are expressed as k ρwD ρl w l2 fl , fl = l , R el = l l hlw R el μl (22 )...

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... r* ) = S  r *2 − r rn2 − r *2  +   + T1  κ0 κ1  S r2 − r2 T ( r* ≤ r ≤ rn ) = n + T1 κ1 (20 ) At the position of the interface between the region of strong transport and the ETB the heat flux ... 1998) The development of DRB instability is considered as the most probable reason for the 1 52 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling density limit phenomena (Greenwald, 20 02) in the ... the shell grows faster along the direction of the smaller size, i.e., the thickness than the width of the slab Fig 17 presents some more typical results for the same case The temperature in the...

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... 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 V 0.8 V 0.8 0 .2 0 .2 0 −0 .2 −0 .2 −0.4 0.5 r 1.5 −0.4 0.5 (a) r 1.5 1.5 (b) 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1 .2 1 .2 0.8 W 0.8 W 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0 .2 0 .2 0 −0 .2 −0 .2 0.5 r (c) 1.5 0.5 r (d) Fig Dimensionless ... Regarding the radial direction, the optimum mesh has nr = 25 1 non uniform nodes compressed around the axis (r = 0) and the mixing layer (r D /2) On the other hand, the number of nodes along the axial ... able to answer the question about whether or not the S2 configuration and the largest nozzle-to-plate distance, also give the highest heat transfer from the plate to the jet To model the swirling...

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... of the LP where the helium gas jets are able to reach the bottom Thus, the peak 21 2 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling temperature corresponds to the jet that impinges onto the ... resistance of the component The model then addresses the resolution of the Fourier’s equation by taking into account the presence of two wavelength at the same time (Reyné et al., 20 10) Review of thermal ... enthalpy conservation at the interface between the bulk and the absorber is considered: ∂T ∂T 4π = I0 Q abs (m, y)πa2 + 4πa2 λt (2) a ρ p Cp ∂t ∂r r=a r=a 22 0 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical...

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... (b) 3 .2. 2 Model: introducing two wavelengths To interpret these data, the DMT2λ code has been developed on the basis of the monowavelength DMT model To address the multiple wavelengths case, the ... 428 2. 5 0.9 32 1. 02 Cu 10 97 401 3.5 1 .28 1 .23 Al 24 .5 135 23 5 0 .24 4 0.376 3.9 Table Thermal physical parameters for Au, Ag, Cu and Al, the datum are cited from references (Chen et al., 20 10 ; Wang ... Irradiation 24 5 2 2 2  ω p   vm ω p   ωp   1 k = 1 −  +   − 1 −   2  ω + vm   ω ω + vm   ω + vm   2      (20 ) where ωp denotes the plasma frequency of the free electron...

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... ∆Pgrav 12. 82 17.31% 12. 82 7.96% 12. 82 10.96% 12. 82 14. 62% ∆Pacc 10 .24 13.84% 10 .24 6.36% 10 .24 8.76% 10 .24 11.68% ∆Pin 15.35 20 .74% 15.35 9.54% 15.35 13. 12% 15.35 17.51% ∆Pfrict,1φ 0.96 1 .29 % 0.96 ... al., 20 03a ) 129 (Sturgis and Mudawar, 1999) 10 -20 27 5 (Faulkner et al., 20 03) Two Phase Spray Cooling 20 -40 120 0 (Pais et al., 19 92) Two Phase Jet Impingement 28 1 820 (Overholt et al., 20 05) Two ... Experimental Investigation x 10 27 1 Pressure drops [Pa] Single -phase Two -phase Total 24 7 24 8 24 9 25 0 25 1 25 2 25 3 25 4 Time [s] Fig Oscillating pressure drop distribution Nsub = 2; Q = 103 kW x 10 Total...

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... at the surface temperature of 99 °C, the majority of the heat flux removed has been credited to the forced convection by the droplet impingement for the single phase spray cooling In the two phase ... across the surface resulting from the replacement of liquid by vapour adjacent to the heated surface Fig A typical boiling curve 29 4 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling 2. 2.1 Theoretical ... and FC-87) The volumetric flow rate was regulated inside the range of 16.6 – 21 6 m3.s-1.m -2 The Sauter Mean Diameter of droplets was inside the range of 110 – 195 29 6 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change...

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... [mN/m] 72. 7 25 997 888 72. 0 20 789 1196 22 .8 25 785 1088 22 .3 Temperature T [◦C] Water Ethanol FC-40 ρ [kg/m3] Density 20 20 1860 3674 16.3 25 1849 320 7 15.9 Refractive indices n[-] 1.33 1.36 1 .29 ... When the radius of a drop on the top surface reaches the size of the cavities, two phenomena enter in a competition The drop can either (i) coalesce with the drops in the 326 Two Phase Flow, Phase ... from the condenser surface as possible The departure of the drop, on the other hand, is resisted by the adhesion of the droplet to the condenser surface; this resistance has been attributed to the...

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... tube D as the parameter (2H2C) (L=0 .2 [m], H=0.07 [m], B=0.03 [m], LH1= LH2=LC1= LC2=0. 02 [m], LH1P= LH2P =LC1P= LC2P =0.005 [m] ) The effect of length of the heated section LH2 on the mass flux ... al 20 00)   Fig Minichannels Mass flux G as a function of q H for the steady state (2H2C), (L=0 .2 [m], D=0.0 02 [m], H=0.07 [m], B=0.03 [m], LH1= LH2=LC1= LC2=0. 02 [m], LH1P= LH2P =LC1P= LC2P ... flux: q C1 and q C2 , respectively 373 New Variants to Theoretical Investigations of Thermosyphon Loop LC1 S5 L0C1 S6 S7 S8 C1 S9 C2 L0C2 LC2 S10 S4 LH2 H2 S3 L0H2 L0H1 S1 H1 S0 S 12 S11 L H1 Fig...

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... oil water Particles, size (nm) CuO, 18.6 CuO, 18.6 Cu2 O, 7.0 Cu2 O, 150 Cu, 10 Cu, 35 Cu, 100 TiO2 , 15 TiO2 , 27 Al2 O3 , 60 Al2 O3 , 60 Al2 O3 , 60 Al2 O3 , 10 Al2 O3 , 20 MWCNTs, 25 MWCNTs, ... of q H with parameter q C1 q C (2H2C) (L=0 .2 [m], D=0.0 02 [m], H=0.07 [m], B=0.03 [m], LH1= LH2=LC1= LC2=0. 02 [m], LH1P= LH2P =LC1P= LC2P =0.005 [m] ) Two -phase thermosyphon loop with minichannels ... of the loop) (2H2C) (D=0.0 02 [m], H=0.07 [m], LH1= LH2=LC1= LC2=0. 02 [m], LH1P= LH2P =LC1P= LC2P =0.005 [m])     The effect of heat flux ratio q C1 q C on the mass flux G versus q H for the...

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... Al2O3 Al Cu Ag MWCNT Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) 0.607 0 .25 4 0.145 7 .2 8.4 13.5 40 23 7 401 429 3000 Reference Kaviany, 20 02 Kaviany, 20 02 Kaviany, 20 02 Slack,19 62 Masuda et al., 1993 Lide, 20 07 ... Physics Letters 79: 22 52 22 54 Choi, U (1995) Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles, Technical Report FED, vol 23 1, ASME, New-York 416 28 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical ... describe the heat transfer at the scale of the nanoparticle Even if the the role of the aggregation and secondarily the role of the ordered interfacial molecular layer seem preponderant in many situations,...

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... Experiment and theory Physical Review E, 20 07 76: p 06 120 3-16 [ 72] Zhu, H.T., et al., Preparation and thermal conductivity of suspensions of graphite nanoparticles Carbon, 20 07 45(1): p 22 6 -22 8 [73] ... through the Scale Relativity (SR) theory (Notalle, 19 92, 20 08a, 20 08b, 20 07) Some applications of the SR theory at the nanoscale was given in (Casian Botez et al., 20 10; Agop et al 20 08) In the present ... 4 .2 Thermal anomaly of the nanofluids The equation (28 a) is implied by the Fourier type law j(T ) = − k∇T with j(T ) the thermal current density and k the thermal conductivity (35) 460 Two Phase...

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... β0  − s2 2s + cos2  ;s  2 1+s 1+s  1+s  ( 123 ) and for s → the quasi-autonomous regime (of soliton packet type), Q ( β , s → 1) =  β − β0  − s2 2s + sech  ;s  2 1+s 1+s  1+s  ( 124 ) For ... means of the normalized fractal potential, Q ( β , s) = −  β − β0  d2 f − s2 2s = (1 − f ) = + cn  ;s 2 f dβ 1+s + s2  1+s  ( 122 ) also through cnoidal modes Thus, for s → it results the non-quasi-autonomous ... 470 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Particularly, if ε is the energy density of a fluid (Landau&Lifshitz, 1987), ε=e+(p/ρ)+v2 /2 , the “classical” form of the energy...

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... ˆ ξ = 3 2 + + +  + 16  2 +  26 (26 ) where ξ= ω−1 ω+ (27 ) k2 k1 (28 ) ω= where ω is the ratio of conductivity of the particle to that of the matrix, κ the effective conductivity of the suspension, ... dissipation, R5 the normal stress coefficient, R6 the measure of the emissivity of the particles to the thermal conductivity, etc When the flow is not frozen (R7 > 0) the temperature inside the flow ... dissipation, R5 the normal stress coefficient, R6 the measure of the emissivity of the particles to the thermal conductivity, etc When the flow is not frozen (R7 > 0) the temperature inside the flow...

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... SA01 -22 -2 14.1 4:50 20 SA01- 32- 2 15.5 4:30 20 SA01- 42- 2 12. 4 4 :27 20 SA01-13 -2 12. 5 4:30 20 SA01 -23 -2 17 .2 4:45 20 SA01-33 -2 20 SA01-43 -2 15 .2 4:15 20 Exp no Table Experimental conditions of the ... SA01- 12- 2 14.5 11.3 2. 16E-01 11.4 SA01 -22 -2 18.3 8.9 6.78E- 02 11.4 SA01- 32- 2 25 .2 7.9 1.85E-01 13.9 SA01- 42- 2 10.5 15.5 3.61E-03 11.4 SA01-13 -2 14.7 35.8 2. 08E- 02 36.7 SA01 -23 -2 18.3 27 .7 6.30E- 02 ... SA01- 12- 1 14.7 11.4 2. 24E-01 11.6 SA01 -22 -1 18.3 8.9 6.72E- 02 11.4 SA01- 32- 1 25 .3 8.1 1.77E-01 14.3 SA01- 42- 1 10.9 16.0 4.10E-03 12. 2 SA01-13-1 14.7 35.7 2. 10E- 02 36.6 SA01 -23 -1 18.4 27 .8 6.39E-02...

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... of the system focused on the degree to which the temperature fluctuated Assuming that 28 °C is the allowed indoor temperature, the area A shown in Figure 22 , which is the difference between the ... PROPATH (20 08), is shown in Fig The specific enthalpy of CO2 decreases with depth x by heat loss from CO2 flow to the formation around the injection well Δq = 2 λ (T w − T f )Δx (20 ) 574 Two Phase ... convection flow in the annulus 5 82 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling The thermal equivalent conductivity of the insulated tubing was determined to be 0 .21 W/m°C based on the well logging...

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