management of arsenic rich groundwaters
Niche Modeling: Predictions From Statistical Distributions - Chapter 1 doc
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 02:20
... Department of Statistics University of Oxford Louis J Gross Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Suzanne Lenhart Department of Mathematics University of Tennessee ... contain an unordered set of named items of different type These are a general purpose type for holding all kinds of data An example of a list below uses a vector of locations of a species and the ... on movement of the cut value 112 6.11 Evaluation of the accuracy of the prediction of invasion trajectory, with time before present on the x axis and value of cut probability...
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Niche Modeling: Predictions From Statistical Distributions - Chapter 4 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 02:20
... methodology and representation of intuitive understanding of the concept of a niche The chapter concludes with a proof of the lack of continuity of the standard definition of environmental envelopes ... relationship of niche to geography is a function A function f is a rule of assignment, a subset r of the Cartesian product of two sets B × N , such that each element of B appears as the first coordinate of ... approach of defining limits for each of the environmental variables captures the sense of a niche as understood by ecologists: that the occurrence of species should be limited by a range of environmental...
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Niche Modeling: Predictions From Statistical Distributions - Chapter 8 docx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 02:20
... Coefficient of Determination, is widely used in regression models to indicate the degree of correlation of the independent to the predicted values It is calculated from SSE the sum of squares of the ... variable a has a difference of one In the following Xt is a function of the partial sum of all terms preceding it The integer differencing operator is written in terms of a backshift operator B ... fractional differencing of the simple scaling series was needed Thus, representation of the autocorrelation properties of natural series is not possible with the majority of simple IID or AR(1)...
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Niche Modeling: Predictions From Statistical Distributions - Chapter 9 pdf
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 02:20
... non-linear responses of niche models Reliability of reconstruction of past climates depends, at minimum, on the correct specification of a model of response that holds over the whole range of the proxy, ... potentially thousands of years Non-linearity of response has not been greatly studied Evidence for nonlinear response emerges from detailed latitudinal studies of the responses of single species ... one While a perfect proxy of temperature would be expected to have a slope of one with actual temperatures, this loss of sensitivity might result from inevitable loss of information due to noise...
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Niche Modeling: Predictions From Statistical Distributions - Chapter 10 ppt
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 02:20
... the level of the CRU of H = 0.95 the uncertainty in a mean value of 30 points is almost as high as the uncertainty in a mean of a few points It is this feature of LTP series that is of great concern ... Here examine a set of proxy series listed in Table 9.1 of the previous chapter, as well as the temperature and precipitation from a sample of landscape 10.1 Detecting LTP One of the main operations ... scales The persistence of autocorrelation at higher aggregations for series walk, SSS and CRU decay over IID and AR is clear A plot of the logarithm of standard deviation of the simulated series...
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Statistical size distributions in economics & actuarial sciences (2003)
Ngày tải lên :
13/12/2013, 11:36
... comparatively simple hypotheses These involve constancy of the coefficient of variation and constancy of the type of distribution of income of those in the same “talent” group, and require that, ... fit of the whole range of income Good fit of distributions with null and negative incomes Good fit of the whole income range of distributions starting from an unknown positive origin Derivation of ... comprise the distributions of personal incomes of various types, the distribution of wealth, and the distribution of firm sizes We also include work on the distribution of actuarial losses for which...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Generating statistical language models from interpretation grammars in dialogue systems" potx
Ngày tải lên :
22/02/2014, 02:20
... consisted of a corpus of about 1,300,000 words with a vocabulary of almost 50,000 words 2.3 The newspaper corpus We have also used a corpus consisting of a collection of Swedish newspaper texts of 397 ... o of Linguistics, G¨ teborg University o group of students that evaluated both grammars This resulted in a evaluation test set of 1700 utterances The recording test set was made up partly of ... 22% We used the Chi-square test of significance to statistically compare the results with the results of the Nuance grammar showing that the differences of WER of the models in comparison with...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Syntax-to-Morphology Mapping in Factored Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation from English to Turkish" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
07/03/2014, 22:20
... Proceedings of HLT/NAACL-2004 – Companion Volume, pages 57– 60 Mei Yang and Katrin Kirchhoff 2006 Phrase-based backoff models for machine translation of highly inflected languages In Proceedings of EACL-2006, ... negative correlation of -0.99 between the BLEU score and the number of English tokens We can also note that the largest reduction in the number of tokens comes with the application of the Noun+Adj ... generate both the right sequence of constituents and the right sequence of morphemes for each word Furthermore, since for such languages one can generate tens of hundreds of inflected variants, standard...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Deep dependencies from context-free statistical parsers: correcting the surface dependency approximation" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 04:22
... used for this study consist of the Wall Street Journal section of the Penn Treebank of English (WSJ) and the context-free version of the NEGRA (version 2) corpus of German (Skut et al., 1997b) ... second type consists of a dislocated element coindexed with an origin site of semantic interpretation, as in the association in Figure of WHNP-1 with the direct object position of sees (a relativization), ... remapping discontinuous parts of nodes upward into higher phrases and marking their sites of origin.3 The resulting “traces” correspond roughly to a subclass of the second class of Penn Treebank empties...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Power-Law Distributions for Paraphrases Extracted from Bilingual Corpora" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
17/03/2014, 22:20
... re-establishment of edges between the former and other vertices of the latter The result is a collection of components whose total number of unique vertices is less than the number of vertices of the initial ... decomposition of P0 , and ii) other vertices of P0 Cut-vertices can be of either type For each component, we remove cut-vertices that are not translations of the former residues of that component ... rest of this section, we not distinguish between source and target phrases, i.e both types are treated equally as vertices of P When referring to the size of a graph, we mean the number of vertices...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Are These Documents Written from Different Perspectives? A Test of Different Perspectives Based On Statistical Distribution Divergence" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
23/03/2014, 18:20
... following process, θ ∼ Dirichlet(α) yi ∼ Multinomial(ni , θ) ˆ Return D = M M log p(θi |A) as a Monte i=1 p(θi |B) Carlo estimate of D(p(θ|A)||p(θ|B)) Algorithms of sampling from Dirichlet distribution ... pairs of different perspectives and document collection pairs of the same perspective and others We thus evaluate the proposed test of different perspectives in the following four types of document ... effectiveness of the proposed test of different perspectives can thus be measured by how the distribution divergence of DP document collection pairs is separated from the distribution divergence of SP,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Bootstrapping Statistical Parsers from Small Datasets" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
31/03/2014, 20:20
... pick a subset of the newly labelled sentences to add to the training sets of both parsers That is, a subset of those sentences labelled by the LTAG parser is added to the training set of the Collins ... distribution of sentences in the cache is representative of the entire pool and also reduces the possibility of forcing the central control to select training examples from an entire set of unreliably ... 40000 Number of Sentences Figure 4: The learning curve for the LTAG parser in terms of F-scores for increasing amounts of training data Performance when evaluated on sentences of length < 40...
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Báo cáo hóa học: "Research Article Statistical Real-time Model for Performance Prediction of Ship Detection from Microsatellite Electro-Optical Imagers" docx
Ngày tải lên :
21/06/2014, 19:20
... algorithm works as follows The value of each pixel in the image received at the sensor is a realization of either pw (S) or of ps (S) (or a mix of both pdfs) The mean of each pdf is denoted mw and ms ... (signal) pfa (b) Probability of false alarms A(k) = P(k)cos2 Δθ, Figure 5: Probability of detection and probability of false alarms models of the sea surface and of the turbulent wake surface ... three classes of pixels: (1) pixels only composed of open-sea radiance, (2) pixels only composed of wake radiance, and (3) mixed pixels composed partially of open-sea radiance and of wake radiance...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " From Matched Spatial Filtering towards the Fused Statistical Descriptive Regularization Method for Enhanced Radar Imaging" pot
Ngày tải lên :
22/06/2014, 23:20
... value of the kth element (pixel) of the (MSF) represents a pixel value of the kth eloriginal SSP B, Bk (RSF) ement (pixel) of the rough SSP estimate BMSF , Bk represents a value of the kth pixel of ... the nonlinear inverse problem of estimation of the SSP of the backscattered wavefields via space-time processing of the finitedimensional space-time measurements of the imaging radar To determine ... of the incoherent nature of the scattering field e(x), the vector E has a diagonal correlation matrix, RE = diag{B} = D(B) , in which the K × vector of the principal diagonal B is com∗ posed of...
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Báo cáo y học: "A statistical approach for detecting genomic aberrations in heterogeneous tumor samples from single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping data" pot
Ngày tải lên :
09/08/2014, 22:23
... the issue of normal DNA contamination These approaches often assumed the absence of the effects of polyploidy described previously and therefore are principally suited to the analysis of normal ... interpretation of the data The likelihood associated with each of the three modes is very similar and in the absence of external karyotype information, or prior knowledge of the tumor ploidy or the level of ... substantially different profiles as the level of normal DNA contamination was altered Only the normal- and full OncoSNP models were capable of reproducing genome-wide copy number profiles consistently...
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Báo cáo y học: "Results from the national sepsis practice survey: predictions about mortality and morbidity and recommendations for limitation of care orders" docx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 16:21
... baseline mortality between pairs of vignettes of interest with a twosided alpha of 0.05 and power of 0.8 and expected a 50% response rate This required an estimated sample of 355 completed surveys We ... the 95th percentile of the estimated mortality predictions (inclusive of 90% of respondents) for each vignette as a measure of the variability in these predictions The unit of analysis for all ... predictions of mortality and morbidity, independent of acute severity of illness • Poorer outcome predictions are associated with an increased likelihood of a clinician suggesting a limitation of care...
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Báo cáo y học: "inferring steady state single-cell gene expression distributions from analysis of mesoscopic samples" docx
Ngày tải lên :
14/08/2014, 17:22
... is fit to a function of the form linear offset of the biological variability We can interpret I as the value that, along with the estimate of λ, gives the approximate number of cells required in ... average, a certain number of copies (say λ) of a particular gene In this case, the probability that a cell produces exactly x copies of a gene is given by the standard form of the Poisson probability ... cells; one of these was selected at random and diluted into a second set of 10 samples (10 replicates of approximately × 105 cells) This process was repeated twice more to produce sets of samples...
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How to setup a Linux system that can boot directly from a software RAID
Ngày tải lên :
18/09/2012, 10:11
... create the software RAID partitions In the example both disks are split into a 3498Mb and a 596Mb software RAID partitions: Device Type Size Mbytes /dev/hda1 software RAID 3498 /dev/hda2 software ... existing data of partitions involved in the process will be lost), and delete or resize existing partitions to create space for the software RAID partitions If the disks already contain software RAID ... Type Size Mbytes /dev/hda1 software RAID 3498 /dev/hda2 software RAID 596 /dev/hdc1 software RAID 3498 /dev/hdc2 software RAID 596 If the disks are new, the partitioning utility will ask to create...
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