mackie s theory and experimental methods

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54

... emissions caps are imposed on the most energy-intensive sectors such as cement, glass, ceramics, paper, steel and iron, and power generation Together these sectors consist of more than 10,000 installations ... Benchmark period This is the major disadvantages for the EU ETS The AEU ETS seeks to address these disadvantages This is supported by the results of the experiments First, aircraft operators not ‘over’ ... output is positive and Equation 2.9 ensures that profit is positive prior to purchase of emission allowances These constraints allow an element of reality as it reflects realities of the business world...

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2015, 12:56

... agentshouseholds, businesses, and the government Aggregate expenditures on goods and services is the sum of the component spending by these agents A = C + I + G (1.16) The nations output Y has to ... operations and purchases US Treasury debt and to the commercial banking system through discount lending The second asset category is the central banks net holdings of foreign assets, NFAcb These are ... evaluate these theories are with time-series methods This chapter summarizes some of the time-series tools that are used in later chapters to estimate and to test predictions by the theory The...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:20

... agents–households, businesses, and the government Aggregate expenditures on goods and services is the sum of the component spending by these agents A = C + I + G (1.16) The nation s output Y has ... investment opportunities at home To satisfy domestic resident s desired saving, they accumulate foreign assets so that ∆NFA > If the inequality is reversed, domestic savings would seem to be insufficient ... operations and purchases US Treasury debt and to the commercial banking system through discount lending The second asset category is the central bank s net holdings of foreign assets, NFAcb These...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... happens to be false 21 It turns out that the 1000 cross-section—time-series observations contain less 52 CHAPTER SOME USEFUL TIME-SERIES METHODS proposed panel unit-root tests have by Levin and ... The asymptotic distribution of the IPS test statistic was established by sequential T → ∞, N → ∞ asymptotics, which some econometri- 62 CHAPTER SOME USEFUL TIME-SERIES METHODS cians view as being ... 2.1: Deterministic Cycles—q1t = cos(t) (dashed) cycles every 2π = 6.28 years and q2t = cos(πt) (solid) cycles every years Something is clearly missing at this point and it is randomness We introduce...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... the Standard and Poors composite stock price index The second panel displays descriptive statistics for the deviation of the respective asset prices from their fundamentals For equities, this is ... regression representation of model j What Meese t and Rogoff did was to divide the complete size T (time-series) sample in two Sample consists of observations t = 1, t1 and sample consists of ... It is a predictive regression that generates actual out-of-sample forecasts The k = regression is used to forecast 1quarter ahead, and the k = 16 regression is used to forecast 16 quarters ahead...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... a set of sample moments such as the mean, the standard deviation, and autocorrelations of a time-series Special emphasis is often placed on the crosscorrelations between two series which measure ... 1996.4 and have been passed through the Hodrick—Prescott Þlter with λ = 1600 yt is gross domestic product less government spending, ct is consumption of nondurables plus services, and it is gross ... cycle models These are stochastic growth models that have been employed to address business cycle ßuctuations As their name suggests, real business cycle models deal with the real side of the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... is used to generate 96 time-series observations Descriptive statistics calculated using the Hodrick—Prescott Þltered cyclical parts of the log-levels of the simulated observations and are displayed ... the null, is uncorrelated with the regressors, z t−3 Hansen-Hodrick Regression Tests of UIP Hansen and Hodrick ran two sets of regressions In the Þrst set, the independent variables were the ... pt is non zero and that it evolves overtime as a random process Adding and subtracting st from both sides of (6.1) gives ft − st = Et (st+1 − st ) + pt (6.2) Fama [48] shows how to deduce some...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... γσcst + σspt − σsst (6.75) Testing the volatility restrictions (Cecchetti et al [25]) This exercise develops the volatility bounds analysis so that we can classical statistical hypothesis tests ... hypothesis testing is designed to establish statistical signiÞcance Given a sufficiently long time series, it may be possible to establish statistical signiÞcance of the studentized coefficients to ... about asset returns Their beliefs regarding prospective investment returns seem distorted by waves of excessive optimism and pessimism The resulting trading dynamics produce transitory deviations...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... rate is stationary but the tests suffer from low statistical power The ßip side to the power problem is that the tests suffer size distortion in small samples Engel [45] suggests that the observational ... factors—supply and demand shocks Since both of these shocks were assumed to evolve according to unit root process, there is a presumption that qt also is a unit root process ˜ A permanent shock ... deutschemark is used as the numeraire currency Canzoneri, Cumby, and Diba s test of Balassa-Samuelson Canzoneri, Cumby, and Diba [21] employ IPS to test implications of the Balassa—Samuelson...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... also have to work harder which means less leisure These two effects offset each other The monetary expansion is positively transmitted abroad as it raises the leisure and consumption components ... goods and as a consequence PPP holds as well A permanent domestic monetary shock raise domestic and foreign consumption Domestic output increases and it is likely that foreign output increases ... Arrow-Debreu style real business cycle models Both classes of theories are set in dynamic general equilibrium with optimizing agents and well-speciÞed tastes and technology Instead of being set in...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... must specify the stochastic process governing the fundamentals For this purpose, we assume that the fundamentals process follow the diffusion process df (t) = ηdt + σdz(t), (10.23) √ where η and ... because the economy goes to new steady state in just one period The nominal rigidities can perhaps be motivated by Þxed menu costs, and the analysis is relevant for reasonably small shocks If ... diffusion process but are following some other process Since the forecasting rule (10.25) was derived by assuming that the fundamentals always follows the diffusion it cannot be used here To solve...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... 1994 “Hansen-Jagannathan Bounds as Classical Tests of Asset-Pricing Models.” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 12: pp 57-79 19 Campbell, John and Pierre Perron 1991 “Pitfalls and Opportunities: ... Problems: Their Theoretical and Empirical Implications.” In G .S Maddala and C.R Rao, eds Statistical Methods of Finance, Handbook of Statistics Series, vol 14 Amsterdam: Elsevier, North Holland, ... maker seeks to minimize costs arising from two sources The Þrst cost is incurred when an output target is missed Notice that (11.23) says that the natural output level is Et−1 (yt ) = We assume...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... mathematical studies, existence and uniqueness as well as the possible blow-up of solutions were studied in [42], and existence of solitary waves was proved 2.2 Analytical results for ground states and ... this chapter is to establish existence and uniqueness of the ground states and well-posedness of the Cauchy problems associated to the quasi-2D equations I and II and the quasi-1D equation, and ... dipolar quantum gas For ground states, we prove the existence and uniqueness as well as non-existence For dynamics, we discuss the well-posedness, possible finite time blow-up and dimension reduction...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:54

... DOS and PDOS of the PZT systems with (a) V substitution, (b) Nb substitution, (c) Ta substitution, (d) Mo substitution, and (e) W substitution….88 6.3 Calculated DOS and PDOS of the PZT systems ... density of states of PZT systems with group VB substitutes……………………………………………………….……91 6.5 Calculated density of states (DOS) and partial density of states (PDOS) of the PZT systems with (a) Sc substitution, ... elemental substitutions Furthermore, we compare various mechanisms associated with the diverse groups of the dopants, and identify the distinct mechanisms for donor and acceptor substitutions 1.2...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:00

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2016, 14:14

... Gsus2 and Gsus4 > G also G7sus4 Asus2 and Asus4 > Am Dsus2 and Dsus4 > Dm also D7sus4 Esus4 > G7 (G7sus2 is rather uncommon) > Dm7 > Em (Esus2 contains an F#) I have included the G7sus4 and D7sus4 ... various “sus” chords in C major Some, but not all, possibilities for preparation are given Resolution – sustained tone s resolution is “lined” Csus2 and Csus4 Fsus2 >C > F (Fsus4 contains a Bb) Gsus2 ... Examples – sustained tone is tied and its resolution is “lined” C > Fsus2 > F – “retardation” (rule of thumb: sus2 chords will always use retardation if resolved) F > Gsus4 Dm >G > Asus4 Dm7 > G7sus4...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 13:20

... represents the intrusion process of the mercury measured at increasing pressures As often can be observed, this process is irreversible, i e at decreasing pressures some of the mercury is kept ... processes of gases and solid materials [0.11] Cleaning processes of air, water, soil [0.12, 0.13] Adsorption based energetic processes, air conditioning refrigerating processes [0.14, 015] Gas storage ... respective enthalpies in Sect Several classes of sorbent materials used for different industrial purposes such as separation of gas mixtures, recovery of volatile solvents or energetic purposes...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 18:20

... relationship we described between gauge theories and string theory on Anti-deSitter spaces was motivated by studies of D-branes and black holes in strings theory D-branes are solitons in string theory ... excitations, the so called “bosonic” string It lives in 26 dimensions and contains tachyons, signaling an instability of the theory dimensions by considering string theory on R4 × M6 where M6 is some six ... potentials have p + 2-form field strengths, and they are part of the massless closed string modes, which belong to the supergravity (SUGRA) multiplet containing the massless fields in flat space string theory...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:48