mụi trng acetat g l m c clary et al 1959

... Variable 10 nm All; sunicond usually All; e200 nm thick All; flat best Crystalline All Surface and adsorbate Surface and adsorbate Single crystal Single crystal Single crysml All All Y Y N YIN - ... and chemical state analysis, for materials as diverse as biological to metallurgical X P S also is known as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) Range of elements All except hydrogen ... particular materials classes include volumes on silicon processing, metals and alloys, catalytic materials, integrated circuit packaging, etc Characterization is approached from the materials user’s...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... if light microscopy shows a 62 IMAGING TECHNIQUES Chapter sample to be a metal it can be put into solution and its elemental composition determined by classical microchemical tests; in well-equipped ... measured using mechanical and optical profilers, scanning electron microscopes, and atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopes Angle-resolved scatterometers can also be applied to this measurement ... Applications Conclusions Introduction Traditionally, the first instrument that would come to mind for small scale materials characterization would be the optical microscope The optical microscope...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... Diffraction aperture Diffractionlens Intermediate lens st Projector lens 2nd Projector lens Column vacuum block 35 mm Roll film camera Focussing screen Plate camera 16 cm Main screen Figurela Schematic ... source is an electron gun designed to emit a highly coherent beam of monoenergetic electrons of exceedingly small wavelength The wavelength, h, of IO0 keV electrons is only 0.0037 nm, much smaller ... microstructure of materials It is used to study all varieties of solid materials: metals, ceramics, semiconductors, polymers, and composites With the common availability of high-voltage TEM instruments...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... have been on chemically passivated metals: Electrochemically passivated metals are of greater technological significance In addition, the structures of passive films &et attack by chloride ions ... spin-polarized signals The scattering process consisting of two contributions, nonmagnetic (Coulombic) and magnetic (exchange),will affect a spin-parallel photoelectron differently from an antiparallel ... Pendry Low-Energy Electron Dzfimtion Academic Press, New York, 1974.Theoretical treatment, principally on surface atomic structure determination M G Lagally In Metbod of ExperimentalPbysicdurfaces...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... Electronics AComputer Figure UHV Chamber D Voltage Controls to Lenses, Analyzer Schematic of a typical electron spectrometer showing all the necessary components A hemispherical electrostaticelectron ... Chapter eter spots may be achieved with very specialized equipment) It is applicable to biological, organic, and polymeric materials through metals, ceramics, and semiconductors Smooth, flat samples ... molecule, Figure lb, is also entirely characteristic of the molecule, the individual presence of a C arom and an atom no longer being recognizable For a solid, such as metallic Ni, the valence-level...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... absorptions, etc Two general methods used for making these corrections are the empirical parameters method and the fundamental parameters methods The empirical parameters method uses simple mathematical ... Iuminescence Efficient light collection is important, and the sample holder may need to allow for a cryosmt, pressure cell, magnet, or electrical contacts 382 VISIBLE/UV EMISSION REFLECTION Chapter ... applications where the sample and optical configurations may be carefully controlled The necessary conditions are most easily met for analytical applica7.1 PL 381 t o s of molecular fluorescence,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... has lead to anomalouslylow values in the case of adsorbed molecules on metals Chemical bonding effects greatly enhance the electronic polarizability of chemisorbed molecules and enhance the dielectric ... materials: DyCo, TbFeCo, garnets, sputtered magnetic media (CoNiCr alloys and their carbon overcoats) Electrochemical and biological and medical systems In-situ measurements into vacuum systems: ... modifications and surface roughness: Cu, Mo, and Be laser mirrors; atomic oxygen modified (corroded) surfaces and films, and chemically etched surfaces Magneto-optic and magnetic disc materials:...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... spatial distribution of the chemical shift is assumed to be spherically symmetric (a), axially symmetric (b), and completely asymmetric (c) The toptrace shows theoretical line shapes, while the ... energy, grazing angle, analysis done right at the surface), but more typical values are several hundred angstroms For single crystal materials, aligning the ion beam with a crystallographicdirection ... unequal As a consequence, a sample placed in a magnetic field develops a macroscopic magnetization Mo This magnetization forms the source of the spectroscopicsignal measured In NMR spectroscopy...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... s Spectrometry, SSMS 598 Glow-Discharge Mass Spectrometry, GDMS 609 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry,ICPMS Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy, ICP-Optical 633 ... beam or an imaging mass spectrometer, SIMS can be used to image the lateral distribution of impurities in metal grain boundaries, biological materials (including individual cells), rocks and minerals, ... the location of a particular chemical group or compound on the sample surface Such information is achieved by static SIMS chemical mapping-a procedure in which a specific chemical functionality...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... thick-film depth profiling requirements With nominal detection limits of 10-100 ppb and full elemental coverage, GDQMS offers a significant improvement on optical analytical methods Comparable mass ... presence of corresponding impurities in the binding metal 10.7 GDMS 62 Conclusions GDMS has now become a well-established analytical technique for direct multielemental analysis of conducting solids ... Analytical Protocol GDMS Quantitation Applications Conclusions Introduction Glow-Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS) is a mass spectrometric analytical technique primarily used to measure trace level...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... difference is that the neutron magnetic moment strongly interacts with the magnetic moment of the sample atoms, allowing determination of the spatial arrangements of magnetic moments in magnetic material ... analytical technique for measuring trace impurities in a wide variety of materials NAA has been used for trace analysis in polymers, biological materials, and geological and environmentalsamples ... streams, airborne particles, and coal fly ash, are also amenable to ICP-OES Biological and clinical samples, organic solvents, and acids used in semiconductor processing are widely analyzed 642 MASS...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... surfaces from damage Typical weight loading ranges from a few milligrams to tens of milligrams, but can be as low as one milligram Small regions can be located with a microscope or camera mounted ... eliminate all light but that from the focused plane on the sample Both single (confocal scanning laser microscope, CLSM) and multiple (tandem scanning reflected-light microscope, TSM or TSRLM) beam and ... Memory & e m 60 Lattice rods 272 Metal area 740 Layered film materials 187 Metal dispersion 740 LEED 20,265 Metal hydrides 328 Light element detection 137,182 Metalloenzymes 224 Light microscope...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:21

... These images are sometimes called elemental maps Elemental images usually collected digitally by setting a region of interest in the spectrum for each element and storing the counts collected in ... elemental detectabilityand better spatial resolution Multiple X-ray detectors having large collection angles wl also il improve elemental detectability in X-ray microanalysis The higher accelerating ... range from simple approaches, such as normalization of the analytical total to compensate for particle effects, to complex mathematical treatments, including theoretical or empirical modifications...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... Technical College Cheryl McKay, Monroe County Community College Audrey Morrison, Pensacola State College Tim Murphy, Diablo Valley College Ed Napravnik, Metropolitan Community College Tracie Nobles, ... Bischoff, Houston Community College Margaret Black, San Jacinto College William Black, Raritan Valley Community College David Bland, Cape Fear Community College Allen Blay, University of California–Riverside ... Lake Community College Lee Daniel, Troy University Heidi Hansel, Kirkwood Community College Paige Paulson, Salt Lake Community College Michelle Powell-Dancy, Holmes Community College–Ridgeland...

Ngày tải lên: 29/08/2014, 23:41

... Reciprocal Method 553 Overview of Methods 556 Allocating Common Costs 557 Stand-Alone Cost-Allocation Method 557 Incremental Cost-Allocation Method 557 Cost Allocations and Contract Disputes 558 Contracting ... PRACTICE Practitioners of management accounting and financial management shall behave ethically A commitment to ethical professional practice includes overarching principles that express our values ... include the following: Robyn Alcock Central Queensland University David S Baglia Grove City College Charles Bailey University of Central Florida Robert Bauman Allan Hancock Joint Community College...

Ngày tải lên: 29/08/2014, 23:41

... jgc ✦ GA ngc ✦ KY ngc ★ HI jgc ✚ LA jgc ★ ID ng ★ ME jgc ✚ IL jgc ✧ n = All MA ng ★ MI jgc ★ MN ngc ✦ MS jg ★ MO jgc ★ OH ❍ g ★ OK jgc ✦★ OR ng ✚ PA jg ★ RI ❍ g ★ SC jg ★ SD jg ✦ TN ng ★ TX jgc ... www.guttmacher.org/sections/adolescents.php AL jgc ★ AK ng ✩ AZ ng ★ AR ngc ★ CA ng ✩ CO ng ✦ CT jg ✚ NV jg ✧ NH jg ✚ NJ jgc ✚ NM ng ✩ NY ng ✚ MT ngc ✧ NC ng ★ ND ❍ c ★ MD ngc ✦ NE jg ✦ DE ngc ✦ IN jg ★ DC ng ✚ IA ng ✦ FL jg ... CANCERS Testicular cancer • “Testicular cancer is the most common solid malignancy affecting males between the ages of 15 and 35, although it accounts for only 1% of all cancers in men.” (Michaelson,...

Ngày tải lên: 27/07/2016, 17:47

... th c nghi m, đối chứng nhận th c trẻ c chênh l ch + Nhận th c nh m đối chứng trư c th c nghi m 1,0 + Nhận th c nh m th c nghi m dc th c nghi m 1,25 + Nhận th c nh m đối chứng sau th c nghi m ... CHƯƠNG III TH C NGHI M SƯ PH M 1) M c đích th c nghi m 2) Nội dung th c nghi m 3) M u th c nghi m 4) C c tiêu chí đánh giá 5) C ch tiến hành th c nghi m 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 C ch tiến hành th c nghi m ... vi giao tiếp c văn hóa 28 Qua thời gian l m th c nghi m thu kết sau: Bảng 5: C c chuẩn m c hành vi TBC Nh m đối Nh m th c Nh m đối Nh m th c chứng trư c nghi m trư c chứng sau th c nghi m sau...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 07:20