mô hình động cơ toyota 2ar fe hoàn thiện

... we define availability effect as the difference in the equilibrium outcomes between the decentralized system and a reference case, where the fill rate is and where the infection probability is based ... assume that the vaccine is perfectly effective, i.e., all vaccinated individuals are immunized against the infection [Brito et al., 1991] Unvaccinated individuals may be infected with probability p ... intervention is more effective when ¯ infection disutilities among the population are low (low δ) The positive externality effect is high and the negative externality effect is low in such cases...

Ngày tải lên: 11/10/2014, 06:15

... Cash for $6,400 D A credit to Rent Earned for $2,400 E A debit to Unearned Rent for $4,000 The difference between the cost of an asset and the accumulated depreciation for that asset is called A ... purchased a new truck at a cost of $42,000 on July 1, 2009 The truck is estimated to have a useful life of years and a salvage value of $3,000 The company uses the straight-line method of depreciation ... 2009, Phoenix, Inc paid Melanie Publishing Company $15,480 for a 3-year subscription for five different magazines The subscriptions started immediately What is the amount of revenue that should...

Ngày tải lên: 03/12/2013, 23:37

... reached with a distinct marketing mix – Approach: • Collect different attributes of customers based on their geographical and lifestyle related information • Find clusters of similar customers ... otherwise This {buy, don’t buy} decision forms the class attribute • Collect various demographic, lifestyle, and companyinteraction related information about all such customers – Type of business, ... expression data – scientific simulations generating terabytes of data Traditional techniques infeasible for raw data Data mining may help scientists – in classifying and segmenting data – in...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... and attribute values – Same attribute can be mapped to different attribute values • Example: height can be measured in feet or meters – Different attributes can be mapped to the same set of values ... to Data Mining 40 Feature Subset Selection Techniques: – Brute-force approch: • Try all possible feature subsets as input to data mining algorithm – Embedded approaches: • Feature selection occurs ... Celsius temperature scales differ in terms of where their zero value is and the size of a unit (degree) Ratio new_value = a * old_value Length can be measured in meters or feet Discrete and Continuous...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... For example, given the attribute ‘gender’ and a representative population of people, the gender ‘female’ occurs about 50% of the time The mode of a an attribute is the most frequent attribute value ... Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining Measures of Spread: Range and Variance Range is the difference between the max and The variance or standard deviation is the most common measure of the ... perceived 12 Arrangement Is the placement of visual elements within a display Can make a large difference in how easy it is to understand the data Example: © Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... Mining {Medium, Large} Size {Small} Size {Medium} 23 Splitting Based on Continuous Attributes Different ways of handling – Discretization to form an ordinal categorical attribute • Static – discretize ... to determine the Best Split Greedy approach: – Nodes with homogeneous class distribution are preferred Need a measure of node impurity: Non-homogeneous, Homogeneous, High degree of impurity Low ... Introduction to Data Mining 33 Binary Attributes: Computing GINI Index Splits into two partitions Effect of Weighing partitions: – Larger and Purer Partitions are sought for Parent B? C1 Yes No C2...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... Salzberg) – Works with both continuous and nominal features • For nominal features, distance between two nominal values is computed using modified value difference metric (MVDM) – Each record is assigned ... identical to previous rule Why we remove positive instances? – Ensure that the next rule is different Why we remove negative instances? – Prevent underestimating accuracy of rule – Compare rules ... No Simplified Rule: (Status=Married) → No © Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining Effect of Rule Simplification Rules are no longer mutually exclusive – A record may trigger more than...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... 48 Effect of Support Distribution Many real data sets have skewed support distribution Support distribution of a retail data set © Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining 49 Effect of ... 368 Match transaction against 11 out of 15 candidates Introduction to Data Mining 24 Factors Affecting Complexity Choice of minimum support threshold – lowering support threshold results in more ... Diaper, Beer} • Rules originating from the same itemset have identical support but can have different confidence • Thus, we may decouple the support and confidence requirements © Tan,Steinbach,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... Mining Handling Continuous Attributes Different kinds of rules: – Age∈[21,35) ∧ Salary∈[70k,120k) → Buy – Salary∈[70k,120k) ∧ Buy → Age: µ=28, σ=4 Different methods: – Discretization-based – ... bin2 Introduction to Data Mining bin3 Discretization Issues Size of the discretized intervals affect support & confidence {Refund = No, (Income = $51,250)} → {Cheat = No} {Refund = No, (60K ≤ ... Statistics-based Methods Example: r: Browser=Mozilla ∧ Buy=Yes → Age: µ=23 – Rule is interesting if difference between µ and µ’ is greater than years (i.e., ∆ = 5) – For r, suppose n1 = 50, s1 = 3.5...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... mentioned above Most of the convergence happens in the first few iterations – Often the stopping condition is changed to ‘Until relatively few points change clusters’ Complexity is O( n * K * I * ... of differing – Sizes – Densities – Non-globular shapes K-means has problems when the data contains outliers © Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining 39 Limitations of K-means: Differing ... is the computation of the proximity of two clusters – Different approaches to defining the distance between clusters distinguish the different algorithms © Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... cluster Cluster similarity is the similarity of the closest pair of representative points from different clusters © Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining CURE Shrinking representative ... CURE, Guha, Rastogi, Shim © Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining CURE Cannot Handle Differing Densities CURE Original Points © Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining Graph-Based ... regions of the space • Clusters have arbitrary shapes, orientation, and non-uniform sizes • Difference in densities across clusters and variation in density within clusters • Existence of special...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... paperwork, you must pay the $299 bankruptcy filing fee If you can’t afford the whole fee, you can apply to pay the fee in installments or apply for a fee waiver (Ch explains how.) Plus, if you use ... predates their marriage, those debts will not be affected by Shelley’s bankruptcy filing.) Common Law States The law works differently in what we refer to as “common law” marital property states ... Form 3A—Application to Pay Filing Fee in Installments and Order Approving Payment of Filing Fee in Installments Form 3B—Application for Waiver of the Chapter Filing Fee and Order on Debtor’s Application...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 14:03

... every day, federal district courts, bankruptcy appellate panels (BAPs), and federal Circuit Courts of Appeal are available to review these decisions upon the request of a party In a few cases, ... need, feelings of fear and guilt are often our first responses But, as we’ve also seen, the American economy depends on our spending—the more, the better In short, much of American economic life ... necessary household goods and furnishings • household appliances • jewelry, to a few hundred dollars • personal effects • life insurance (cash or loan value or proceeds; the amount varies from state...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 14:06

... informal repayment plan would get you back on your economic feet Counseling is required even if it’s perfectly clear that a repayment plan isn’t feasible (that is, your debts are too high and your income ... than using the federal exemptions, California offers two sets of state exemptions for those who meet the residency requirements described below As in the 17 states that have the federal bankruptcy ... value • personal effects • life insurance (cash or loan value, or proceeds), to a certain value • retirement funds necessary for current support • tools of your trade or profession, to a certain...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 14:06

... believing that different races inherently speak differently This assumption is _.A correct B false C neither correct nor false D immoral Question 42: What are some of the differences between ... about the asymmetry between male and female terms in many languages is that when there are male/female pairs, the male form for the most part is unmarked and the female term is created by adding ... dialectal differences A separation B interaction C contrary D coordination Question 26: True or false? The language of the regions where the new immigrants settle may thus be similarly affected by...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2015, 14:57

... the received signal level for a particular digital system is -151 dBW and the receiver system effective noise temperature is 1500 K, what is Eb/N0 for a link transmitting 2400 bps? SOLUTION: PROBLEM...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2016, 21:43

... mechanisms, contagion spreads both across countries and across different flows Different types of capital flows are subject, however, to different volatility patterns In particular, the higher volatility ... capital flow to these countries The different modalities of FDI, greenfield investment and cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have different effects on the domestic economy, in terms ... Conference on Trade and Development, 2004b, p 127) In addition to the other features discussed above, adjustments in earnings repatriation and intercompany loans vary among companies in different...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 15:15

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 19:15

... dominate the discussion Donor efforts to increase effectiveness The effectiveness of ODA is as important as the amount of ODA Measures to increase effectiveness are receiving increased attention Developed-country ... universities and support technical and professional training for students of developing countries Singapore offers a wide array of training programmes, and Sri Lanka offers training on indigenously developed ... degree of aid dependency It has also been found that countries that suffer from high revenue volatility are also countries that suffer from higher aid volatility, suggesting that aid Official development...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 03:15

... resources transfers after rescheduling, suggesting the need for more susbstantial relief measures See United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (1974) See United Nations Conference on Trade ... may be a signal of distress for another, or the same value of a ratio may have a different significance at different points of the economic cycle The solvency-liquidity distinction forms an important ... conflict of interest arising from the role of IMF as arbitrator and its preferred creditor status.25 Some emerging market economies feared that the initiation of the procedure would result in an increase...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 03:15